华农微生物题库英文22pageWord文件下载.docx
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■.Ehrlich■.Metchnikoff
■.Leewenhoek■.Lister
6.Controlofmicrobialinfectionscanbeaccomplishedbychemicalorimmunemechanisms.Thefirstreportontheproductionofanantibioticiscreditedto:
■.Lister■.Fleming
■.Ehrlich■.Koch
7.Theterm"
antibiotic"
means:
■.asubstanceproducedbythelaboratorythatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms
■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitsmolds
■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismthatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms
■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitscancercells
8.ThefirstdocumenteduseofavaccineforsmallpoxwasreportedbytheEnglishphysician:
■.Lister■.Florey
■.Fleming■.Jenner
9.Activeimmunitycanbedistinguishedfrompassiveimmunityinthattheformerrequires:
■.developmentofantibodiesinone'
sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantibodies
sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantigens
■.developmentofantibodiesinaforeignhostandtransfertoone'
sownbody
■.developmentofantigensinone'
10.TheprocessofnitrificationbybacteriadescribedbyWinogradskyconverts:
■.ammoniatonitrateions
■.nitrateionstoammonia
■.N2toammonia■.ammoniatourea
11.ThetransferofDNAfromoneorganismtoanotherthroughtheuseofaviralvectorisreferredtoas:
■.electroporation■.conjugation
■.transformation■.transduction
12.Thegeneticmaterialofabacteriaislocatedinthemolecule:
■.RNA■.DNA
■.protein■.lipid
■FillintheBlank
1.Organismsthatcontainatruenucleusarecalled_______
2.Bacteriadonothaveatruenucleusandareconsidered_______
3.Bacteriacanbedividedintotwogroups,the_______andthe_______.
4._______areorganismsthatcangrowwithoutusingmolecularoxygen.
5.MicroorganismsthatcansynthesizecomplexorganiccompoundsfromCO2:
arecalled_______.
6.______aremicroorganismsthatobtaintheirenergytosynthesizeorganiccompoundsfromlight.
7.______requireorganiccompoundsforgrowth.
8.Organismsthatsurviveonlyatveryhightemperaturesarereferredtoas______.
9.______areorganismsthatproducemethanefromCO2.
10.______organismsgrowunderconditionsofhighsalinity.
11.Eubacteriacanexhibitanumberofmorphologicalshapes.Identifyfour:
a.______b.______c.______d.______
12.Fungi,algaeandprotozoacanbedifferentiatedfrombacteriabythefollowingcharacteristic:
_______.
13.Fungihavecellwallconsistingof_______.
14.Virusesconsistof______surroundedbyaproteincoat.
15.Thescientificmethodutilizesdeductivereasoningandobservationsorexperimentstoproveordisprovea_____.
16.Thetheory_______ofheldthatlivingorganismscouldarisefromnonlivingmatter.
17.Theprocessusedtoreducethenumberofviableorganismsbymoderateheatingiscalled:
18.Theprocessoftyndallizationusesrepeatedheatingtoeliminateor_______microorganismsfromsolutions.
19.An_______isasubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatinhibitsorkillsothermicroorganisms.
20.Theprocessofstimulatingtheimmunedefensesofthebodyisreferredtoas_______.
21.Whitebloodcellsthatengulfforeignparticlesarereferredtoas______.
22.Asubstanceinserumthatcanneutralizeforeignmaterialisreferredtoas______or______.
23.Cellsinfectedwithavirusproduceasubstancecalled______thatinhibitsviralreplication.
24.Avery,ColinandMacLeodfirstdemonstratedthattransformationofnonpathogenictopathogenicstrainsofbacteriacouldbecarriedoutbythetransferof______.
25.Exchangeofgeneticinformationbydirectcontactisreferredtoas______.
26.______istheprocessinwhichDNAistransferredfromonebacteriatoanother.
■Matching
l.FrancisBacona.phagocytosis
2.AntonLeeuwenhoekb.antibody
3.PaulEhrlichc.nitrification
4.HansGramd.immunization
5.LouisPasteure.threekingdomclassificationbasedonrRNA
6.RobertKochf.structureofDNA
7.JosephListerg.firstmicroscope
8.AlexanderFlemingh.conjugationortransduction
9.EdwardJenneri.differentialstainforbacteria
10.EliMetchnikoffj.interferon
11.EmilvonBehringk.rabiesvaccine
12.AlickIsaacs1.penicillin
13.SergeiWinogradskym.antiseptictechnique
14.JoshuaLederbergn.establishedthatbacteriacancausedisease
15.WatsonandCricko.magicbullet
16.CarlWoesep.scientificmethod
1.p2.g3.o4.i5.k6.n7.m8.l9.d10.a11.b12.j13.c14.h15.f16.e
Test2:
MethodsforStudyingMicroorganisms
1.Lightmicroscopyisdependentontheinteractionoflightwithonobject.Theabilityoflighttopassthroughanobjectisreferredtoas:
■.transportedlight■.transmittedlight
■.reflectedlight■.refractedlight
2.Theresolvingpower(R)ofamicroscopeisdependentonthewavelengthoflight(;
~)andthenumericalaperture(NA)ofthelens.TheformulaforRis:
■.R=0.5~.xNA
■.R=0.5;
~/NA
■.R=NA/0.5Jr
■.R=Squarerootof0.5)./NA
3.Thegramstainuses~asamordanttofixtheprimarystain:
■.iodine■.alcohol
■.acetone■.safranin
4.Theacid-faststainisusefulintheidentificationofwhichofthefollowingorganisms:
■.Staphylococcusaureus
■.Mycoplasmamycoides
■.Mycobacteriatuberculosis
■.Moraxellaosloensis
5.Botulismisaseriousdiseasethatcandevelopfromtheimpropercookingoffoodcontainingbacterialspores.Whichofthefollowinggeneraarecapableofproducingspores?
■.Salmonella■.Listeria
■.Escherichia■.Clostridia
6.Whichofthefollowingtypesofmicroscopesutilizeselectronbeamstovisualizeobjects?
■.Nomarski■.TEM
■.PCM■.Confocal
7.Amixtureoforganismswasisolatedfromapatientsuspectedofhaving"
StrepThroat."
Whichtypeofmediawouldyouusetoisolatethesuspectedpathogen?
■.defined■.enriched
■.selective■.differential
8.Sterilizationofmaterialwithanautoclaveutilizessteamtokillmicroorganisms.Thecorrectprocedureforsterilizationwithanautoclaveis:
■.15minat121℃at15lb/in2
■.15minat256℃at15lb/in2
■.15minat121℃at1lb/in2
■.15rainat121℃at30lb/in2
9.Anantibioticwasaddedtoacultureofbacteriatodetermineitseffect.Whatmethodofenumerationwouldyouusetodeterminetheefficacyoftheantibiotic?
■.directcount■.viablecount
■.turbidimetriccount■.absorbance
10.Identificationofmicroorganismscanbeaccomplishedbyanumberoftechniques.Whichofthefollowingrequiresthegrowthoftheorganism?
■.enzymelinkedassay
■.geneprobe
■.metabolic■.fluorescent
1.Amediawherealltheingredientsareknowniscalleda______media.
2.______techniqueisusedtomaintainapurecultureandavoidcontamination.
3.Sterilizationinstrumentthatutilizessteamunderpressure:
_______.
4.A______plateutilizesalooporneedletodistributeandisolatecoloniesonacultureplate.
5.______identificationutilizesantibodiesfornamingofbacterialspecies.
6.Bacteriacanbepreservedforlongperiodsoftimebyfreeze-dryingor______.
7.Themrbidimetricmethodofcountingbacteriautilizesa______tomeasuretheamountoflightpassingthroughasolution.
8.Theviableplatecountcountslivebacterialcoloniesintherangeor______to______.
9.Acountingchamberandamicroscopeareusedinthe______countofbacteria.
10.The______techniqueutilizesalabeledcomplementarystrandofnucleicacidtoidentifyspecificbacteriainaspecimen.
■Matching
MatchingI:
l.Primarystainforgramstaina.Negativestain
2.Stainsbacterialcellb.Carbohlfuchsin
3.Usedtofixstainc.Crystalviolet
4.Decolorized.Malachitegreen
5.Sporestaine.Safranin
6.Acid-faststainf.Positivestain
7.Gram-bacteriatakeupthiscounterstaing.Alcohol
8.Stainsbackgroundh.Mordant
MatchingII:
1.Mediausedtoinhibitgrowthofunwantedorganismsa.Enrichment
2.Mediawhereallcomponentsarenotknownb.Selective
3.Mediausedtocontrastorganismsonsameplatec.Differential
4.Mediausedtoenhancegrowthd.Complex
1.c2.f.3.h4.g5.d.6.b7.e8.a
1.b2.d3.c4.a
Test3:
OrganizationandStructureofMicroorganisms
1.Eukaryoticmembranescanbedifferentiatedfromprokaryoticmembranesbecauseeukaryoticmembranescontain____aspartofthelipidcomponentofthemembrane.
■.phosphates■.fattyacids
■.proteins■.sterols
2.Thearrangementofproteinsandlipidsinthemembraneisreferredtoasthe:
■.bilayermodel
■.fluidmosaicmodel
■.trilayermodel
■.permeablemodel
3.Themovementofwatermoleculesacrossthemembraneinresponsetoaconcentrationgradientisreferredtoas:
■.diffusion■.osmosis
■.translocation■.transport
4.Themembraneofacellisabletodifferentiatemoleculesthatenterorexitthecellandactasa____bar