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Module 1 Wonders of the world.docx

1、Module 1 Wonders of the worldModule 1 Wonders of the world一、课文知识点题材内容本课以介绍世界景观为题材,学习本课有助于扩大知识面,增强探索和热爱大自然之情。语言知识目标功能描述景观。语法复习现在进行时、过去进行时、一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时。词汇能正确使用下列单词和词组:wonder,band,review,ancient,composition,grade,pyramid,pupil,meeting,listen up,call,event,natural,get out of,light,reply,look

2、over,clear,rise,ground,below,edge,on the edge of,bottom,at the bottom of,side,disappear,distance,huge,face,height理解下列单词和词组:canyon,sight,lift,view,attract,description,location二、课文注释1Whats happening? 怎么了? happen的用法happen是不及物动词,它的用法常见的有如下几种情况: 1)表示“某地(某时)发生了什么事”,常用“sth.+ happen +地点/时间”这一结构来表达,此时主语应是事情。

3、例如: The story happened in 2003. 这个故事发生在2003年。 An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。 2)表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”,要用“sth.+ happen+to sb.”这一结构来表达。例如: A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她发生了交通事故。What happened to you? 你怎么啦? 3)表示“某人碰巧做某事”,要用“sb.+ happen+ to do sth.”这一结构来表达。例如: I happene

4、d to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday. 昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。 4)happen表示“碰巧或恰巧发生某事”时,还可用“It happens / happened that.”这一结构来表达。例如: It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day. 碰巧那天布莱恩和彼得在家了。 It happened that he had to take part in a meeting that afternoon. 碰巧那天下午他不得不参加一个会议。 注:that从

5、句中的主语是人时,此种结构可以与“sb.+ happen + to do sth.”结构互换。例如:It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day. = Brian and Peter happened to be at home that day.2Why dont we start a school magazine? 我们为什么不创办一本校刊?start和begin 的用法一、相同之处1)意为“开始;发生;发起”时,两者可互换。如:Then he began/ started a series of experiments.

6、然后他就开始做一系列的实验。How did the accident begin/ start? 事故是怎样发生的?2)表示开始某一动作时,后面跟不定式或动名词所表达的意思是相同的。但当表示开始一项较长时间或经常性的活动时,后接动名词的形式则更为常见。如:The child began crying/ to cry. 那小孩开始哭了。3)两者在下列情况下常接不定式,不接动名词:(1)主语是无生命的事物,而不是人时。如:The ice began/ started to melt. 冰开始融化了。(2)当 begin 和 start 用于进行时态时。如:The plaster was begin

7、ning / starting to fall from the walls. 墙上的灰泥开始脱落了。(3)当 begin 和 start 后接表示心理状态或精神活动的动词时。如:Mary began/ started to guess what is in the bag. 玛丽开始猜包里有什么东西了。4)两者都具有及物动词词性和不及物动词词性。What time do you begin/ start school? 你是什么时候开始上学的?5)begin/ start with 意为“从开始”。如:Which lesson shall I begin / start with? 我应从哪

8、一课开始?6)begin 和 start 均为终止性动词,因此不能与段时间状语连用。如:电影开始 10 分钟了。误: The film has begun/ started for ten minutes.正: The film began ten minutes ago.正: The film has been on for ten minutes.正: Its ten minutes since the film began.二、不同之处1)表示(机器)开始、启动时,用 start ,不用 begin ,时此的 start 相当于 set going .如:How do you start

9、 the washing machine? 洗衣机怎么启动?The man cant start the car. 这个人无法发动这辆车。2)表示创办、开设时,用 start ,不用 begin .此时的 start 相当于 set up 或 establish .如:He started a new shop last year. 去年他新开了一家商店。3)表示动身、出发、启程时,用 start ,不用 begin ,此时的 start 相当于 set out 或 set off .如:He started for America last week. 他上周动身去美国了。4)表示开始使用时

10、,用 start ,不用 begin ,此时的 start 相当于 begin to use .如:You have used up this bottle of ink. Will you start another one? 你已用完了这瓶墨水,打算再用一瓶吗?。3Anyone else? 还有其他的吗?else的用法浅析一、用在不定代词anybody,everything,someone,nothing,somebody及不定副词somewhere等后面。 I dont know anything else. 此外我什么也不知道。 Nobody else could do this. W

11、as anybody else absent? I had nothing else to do. 二、用在who,what,where,how ,when,why等疑问代词或疑问副词后面。What else did she tell you?Who else is coming?Where else has Tom been besides New York?三、用在all,little后面。If our poling is wrong, all else will be wrong.政策错了,什么都错了。Little else remains to be done.应做的事差不多都做完了。

12、注意:elsesMarys hair is longer than anybody elses in her class.四、在or后面,“否则,要不然”。Be quick, or else you will miss the train.He must have been joking ,or else he was mad.4Wonder的用法a(常与at, that连用)觉得奇怪;惊奇 I wonder, In England, each man speaks a different language. 我感到十分惊奇,在英国每个人都说着一种语言。 I wonder at his rud

13、eness. 我对他的粗鲁感到奇怪。 b纳闷;想知道 He wondered why people built ugly homes, when they could have beautiful ones. 他很奇怪为什么人们本可以造出漂亮的房屋,而偏偏建造出丑陋的房子来。 I wonder why James is always late for school. 我想知道为什么詹姆斯上学总是迟到。Unit 2 I was on the edge of the Grand Canyon.1When I arrived, it was early morning. 我到达那儿的时候是个大清早。

14、arrive reach get 的用法 arrive为不及物动词,当到达的是较大的地理区域时用介词in,而到达较小的地方时则用at, 如:arrive in New York, arrive at the village.而reach则是及物动词。如:How did you reach the school this morning? 而get可用作不及物动词,作到达讲时其后面多与to连用。如:When did you get to New York?误 I arrived Beijing the day before yesterday. 正 I arrived in Beijing th

15、e day before yesterday. 正 I reached Beijing the day before yesterday. 误 He arrived in the school at 1100. 正 He arrived at the school at 1100. 2In the east, the sky was becoming light. 在东方,天空正在泛白。in the east用介词in. 表示在东方。The sun rises in the east.3After about a kilometer, a stranger appeared in front

16、of me.大约走了一公里,一个陌生人突然出现在我面前。in front of的用法in front of “在.的前面”用于两者事物不在同一空间内。 例如:The tree is in front of the house.“这棵树在房子的前面。” in the front of“在.的前面”,但是用于两者事物在同一空间内。 例如:Tom is in the front of the classroom. Tom在教室的前面。 4Youll got there in five minutes. 你将在5分钟后到达。in five minutes 5分钟以后通常用于一般将来时How soon

17、will he come back? 他多久以后回来?In ten days. 十天后。5but it was still too dark to see anything.但是太黑仍旧看不见任何东西。too形容词副词动词不定式“结构简称为too.to”结构。这种结构是英语中常用的一种句型,在大多数情况下表示否定意义,在翻译时,通常可译为“太而不能”、“太无法”。句型I:tooadj./adv.to do这个句型是too.to的最基本的常用句型。too形容词或副词,有时too后也可跟一个起形容词作用的过去分词。例如: The boy is too young to go to school.

18、这男孩年龄太小,不能上学。 The hat is too large to wear. 这帽子太大,没法戴。 He walks too slowly to get there on time. 他走得太慢,不能按时到达那儿。 Im too tired to think of anything now. 我太累了,什么也不能想了。 句型II:too.toto be V-ed这是“too.to”结构中不定式为被动式时的变体,如果主语是不定式动作的承受者,不定式既可以用主动式,也可以用被动式,此时用主动式虽然在形式上是主动的,但在涵义上却是被动的。例如: The tea is too hot to

19、drink/to be drunk.茶太热,不能喝。 6Ill do some reviews about our favorite bands and movies! 我要就我们喜爱的乐队和电影多一些评论。And Ill do an interview with him. 我要采访他。do some reviews “对做评论”do an interview 采访I should do more exercise. 我应该多锻炼。Hes an honest person. we like to do business with him.他是一个诚实的人,我们愿意与他做生意。7Thats ne

20、ws to me!Thats/Its news to me. 意思是“我在被告知这件事以前根本不知道”,特别用于感到惊讶和愤怒时。如:Theres no class tomorrow? Thats news to me! 明天不上课?我一点都不知道。I hear you and pawl are going to Paris for the weekend. 我听说你和保罗要去巴黎度周末。Really? Thats news to me. 是吗?我怎么不知道。8I think thats a fantastic ideafantastic常用在口语中,表示“了不起的;极好的”。如:You pa

21、ssed your test? Fantastic!9I got out of the car, went through a gate and walked along a path. 介词through可与很多动词连用,组成动词短语。如:The River Thames flows through London.The man got in through the window.You can see through glass.10Suddenly, the clouds cleared and the rain stopped. clear在本句话中作动词,意思是“天气放晴,转晴”,它

22、还可作形容词和副词,作形容词时有很多种意思。如:The water in the lake is clear.(清澈的,透明的)He gave a clear explanation.(易懂的,明白的)It is quite clear that she is not coming.(明显的,显然的)11The sun rose behind me and beyond the rocks.rise意思是“上升,起身”,不及物动词,过去式和过去分词分别为rose,risen。raise很易与其混淆,raise有“举起;召集,筹措;抚养”之意,为及物动词,过去式和过去分词分别加-ed。如:rai

23、se ones hand 举手raise an army 招募军队raise a family 养家12over 400 kilometers long.英文中表达长、宽、高、深等概念时,结构为“数字+单位+long/wide/high/deep”。如:three metres wide 宽3米nine metres deep 9米深Unit3 Language in use语法:一般现在时和一般过去时 现在进行时和过去进行时的用法1一般现在时的用法 1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示时间的状语连用。 时间状语: every, sometimes, at, on Sunday I leave

24、home for school at 7 every morning. 2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3)表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont want so much. Ann Wang w

25、rites good English but does not speak well. 比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now.2一般过去时: (1)过去某个特定时间发生,并且一下子就完成了的动作(即:非持续性动作)。(2)也可以表示过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去。 I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟

26、的那阵子,烟抽得可凶了。一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when 等等。 3过去进行时1)主要表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作,常和表示过去时间的状语then,at this(that) time, yesterday,at nine,last night等连用。但在不少情况下,没有表示时间的状语,这时需要通过上下文来表示。 What were you doing at nine last

27、night? 昨晚九点时,你在做什么? I called you yesterday afternoon but there was no answer. 昨天下午我打电话给你,但是没有人接电话。 I was visiting a friend of mine most of the afternoon. 我昨天下午大部分时间,都在一个朋友家里。 2)当两个一长一短的动作在过去某时间同时发生时,用过去进行时表示较长的动作。过去进行时可用于主句,也可用于从句。 It was raining hard when I left my office. 当我离开办公室时,雨下得正大。 When you

28、called, I was eating. 你打电话时,我正在吃饭。 When I was cleaning the windows, my brother was sweeping the floor. (当)我在擦窗户的时候,我弟弟在拖地。 They were watching TV when the lights went out. 停电时,他们刚好在看电视。4现在进行时现在进行时由“be+v-ing”构成。be应为助动词,初学者最容易漏掉,它应与主语的人称和数保持一致。 在实际运用时,现在进行时常用以下几种情况: (1)当句子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。如: They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。 (2)以look, listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。如: Listen!She is singing an English song.听,她正在唱英语歌。 (3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且此时有this week, these days等时间状语,这时常用现在进行时。如: We are making model planes these

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