GREISSUE主体段结束段精Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、_A_; _B_.Cowards die one hundred times before their deaths; the valiant never taste of death but once._A_, whereas _B_.Those who love beautiful things are deeply asleep whereas those who love beauty are wildly awake._A_, while _B_.The American educational paradigm emphasizes reasoning and logic, whi

2、le the Chinese educational style emphasizes the ability of memorizing._A_, in violent contrast with B, which/who _._By contrast/In contrast/By comparison/On the contrary, _. _.Socrates/Plato/Aristotle3. 类比法Our bodies are the gardens to which our wills are gardeners._._.（简单的事例）.Likewise/Similarly/ In

3、 like manner/By the same token, _. （复杂的，自己要论证的话题。）_（复杂的要论证的话题）.This is similar to the situation of _,where _.4. 数据论证调查论证_, which is underlined/testified/substantiated by a recent survey,indicating that _.According to a recent survey, _.The result of a recent survey reveals that_/ lends a strong supp

4、ort to the claim that _.5. 举例法普通人事例名人名事literature: William Shakespeare:Renaissance/ Humanity; humanist method /What a piece of work is a man, how noble in reason,how infinite in faculties, in form and moving,how express and admirable in action, how like an angel in apprehension,how like a god!George

5、 Orwell1984big brother totalitarianismthought police/ censorshipPolitics and English LanguageWilliam Faulkner 福克纳I believe that man will not merely endure:he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of

6、compassion and sacrifice and endurance. Freud: Conscious/ unconscious （libido）Oedipus ComplexMaslow-Hierarchy of needs Behaviorismstimulus - response -reward habitmentalismintellectualsBertrand Russell:How to Grow OldWhat I Have Lived forThe Problem of ChinaNoam Chomsky: linguist乔姆斯基speak the truth

7、and unveil the lies of the governmentResponsibilities of intellectualsChomsky: Ideas and Ideals （Neil Smith）Socrates/Plato/ AristotleKnow thyselfAcademySocratic dialectic: all the truth can only begained through dialogues; the more youdiscuss with others, the closer you are totruth.Plato is dear to

8、me; but still dearer istruth.deduction/deductive methodinduction/inductive methodscholarman of letterstalentpsychoanalysis假设事例If_Imagine_.Assume _.Suppose, for example, _._, which can be exemplified by the case of _.Numerous scholars could be cited to explain this claim and _ is a case in point.Whil

9、e such cases are rare, they do occur occasionally and shed many lights on our understanding of _.A typical illustration involves _.To illustrate this point, let us consider the case of _.6.名言谚语例证（1） 如果名言比较晦涩，应该解释（解释要有倾向性，论证自己观点）（2） 明确说明名言论证了自己的观点。_自己的观点_, which is in line with the remarkof XX, _: _（

10、名言）_.According to XX, _, _ （名言）.XX is right in saying that _（名言）.As a proverb goes, _ （谚语）This is another way of saying that _（解释名人名言）_.This remark, insightful and thoughtprovoking,indicates that_（解释）_.结尾句：Thus/Therefore/Consequently/Hence,_.This indicates that_.This lends sufficient support to the

11、view that _.cohesion & coherence段落内部和段落之间的衔接手段cohesive & coherent并列: For one thing/ For another On the one hand/ On the other hand递进: Moreover/ In addition/ On top of that/ Furthermore转折: However/Nevertheless/But/Yet类比： Likewise/similarly/ In like manner/Analogously因果: Thus/ Hence/therefore/conseque

12、ntly/accordingly/A direct result will be that _. Following this,_. stem/arise from _让步： having said that that said/ that being said, _分论点发展分层次：individual/ society/ government/ global（international）分情况：a.两分法：适度过度 （极端）（危害：采取措施怎么办）物质精神 （感性理性）主要矛盾次要矛盾 main/chief/majorindividual / society / government 国

13、家b. 分不同情况考虑分领域：文化教育经济历史学术科技商业政治法律媒体个人行为p47段落之间的承上启下句型In addition to such factors as _ and_, another noteworthy element is that_.Not only _, but also_.It is, in a sense, not difficult to fathom the above dimensions such as _ and _,but one factor, although significantlynoteworthy, may escape our atten

14、tion:_.Although it is true that_,_.While _, an overextension of this claim may give rise to some potential risks.The above _ is significant only when they are under the control of _, and when it is out of the control, somepotential risks may arise.Despite/Notwithstanding the above_,there are some un

15、dercurrents of _, if_.结尾段要点：立场论据1。以对issue原文的评价为基点a. 以反对为主的结尾思路：再次扼要指出原话中的错误；总结自己全文的论据，得出结论。In sum, the speaker overlooks some essential elements and jumps to a hasty conclusion that _. A scrutiny ofthe issue reveals that such factors as_, _ and _ should also be taken into account, which then leads t

16、o a morerational corollary that _.To conclude, a claim about _ that ignores _ is misconceived. In the final analysis, a rational understanding of_ should be based on a broader perspective which embraces such keys elements as _, _ and_. _ （承认issue中有道理的成分），but _ （自己的观点）It is fairly clear that the spea

17、ker fails to recognize that _.Therefore, although _（issue中有道理的地方）, one should never turn a blind eye to such key factors as_, _, and _, for only with them can a full picture of _ be hopefully presented.b.以赞成为主的结尾issue中有道理的地方，并给出自己正文的论据。指出还需要考虑的地方。To sum up, the above analysis of _supports the assert

18、ion of the speaker that_. That being said, an overextension of this conclusion should be prevented, or some potential dangers such as _ may occur, thus undermining the rationality of the assertion.Overall, the assertion that _ is firmly grounded, which sheds many lights on _. While this claim is app

19、reciated, it also should be noted that some extreme situations such as _may lead to its potential vulnerability. A rational perspective, then, is to embrace the major points of the assertion on the one hand, and to resist the seemingly minor but potentially harmful extreme situations on the other ha

20、nd.2.直接总结全文的论据和立场。a.先立场，后论据。The above analysis thus leads to the conclusion that_,because _.To conclude, a corollary of the aboveanalysis is that_._. （论据）.b.先论据 后立场The vexed issues like _ inexorably/invariably involve multi-dimensions. As far as _ is concerned, a series of perspectives, such as _, _ and_, have to be taken, which lead to the conclusion that _. That being said, the scenario that _, although seemingly rare, should also be considered, so that a more rational understanding of _ can be arrived at.