北京成人本科学位英语考试真题及其答案详尽解析Word下载.docx

1、s been some evidence that coffee might increase the risk of certain diseases and theres also been maybe more recent evidence that coffee may protect against other diseases as well。Freedman and his colleagues undertook the biggest study yet to look at the relationship between coffee and health They a

2、nalyzed data collected from more than 400,000 Americans ages 50 to 71 participating in the study We found that the coffee drinkers had a modestly lower risk of death than the non-drinkers ,he said .Heres what he means by modestly:those who drank at least two or three cups a day were about 10 percent

3、 or 15 percent less likely to die for any reason during the 13 years of the study when the researchers looked at specific causes of death ,coffee drinking appeared to cut the risk of dying from heart disease lung disease injuries ,accidents and infectionsNow ,Freedman stressed that the study doesnt

4、prove coffee can make people live longer. A study like this can never prove a cause-and-effect relationship （77）All it can really do is to point researchers in the right direction for further investigation And even if it turns out that coffee is really good for you, scientists have no idea why似乎每天都有

5、关于我们喜爱的饮料是否对我们的身体有益的研究。（76）今天，科学研究声称每天喝一杯红酒会延年益寿。第二天，可能就会有不同的说法了。似乎新闻记者们对关于酒的研究十分感兴趣，同样对咖啡也是如此。如今，很多人都在研究咖啡是否对人体有益。“得到的结果非常复杂，”尼尔 弗里德曼承认说，他最近曾领导了一项咖啡研究，并在一家医学杂志上发表了他的调查结果。“有一些证据表明咖啡可能会增加人患某些疾病的危险，同时还有一些更新的证据显示：咖啡同样会预防其他的一些疾病。”弗里德曼和他的同事们进行着迄今为止着眼于咖啡和人体健康之间的关系的最大的一次研究。他们分析了采自参与该研究的年龄在50到71岁之间的40万多名美国人

6、的资料。他说：“我们发现喝咖啡的人比不喝咖啡的人有着较小的低死亡风险。”下面是他说的“较小的”含义：在该项研究所经历的13年里，那些每天至少喝2到3杯咖啡的人（比不喝咖啡的人）无论什么原因都少了10%或15%的机会面对死亡。当研究人员审视那些令人死亡的具体原因时，发现喝咖啡明显地减少了因心脏病、肺病、外伤和感染等引起的死亡的风险。如今，弗里德曼强调说，该项研究并没有证明咖啡能够使人长寿。像这样的研究根本就不可能证明出一个因果关系出来。它所能做到的只是指引研究人员向正确的方向进一步展开研究。而且，即使最后得出咖啡对人体有益的结论，科学家们也不知道那是为什么1 According to the f

7、irst paragraph, reporters would like to know the research findings of _A . tea B. beer C. alcohol D. Coffee1.【答案】D。细节题。由题干可以定位到第一段。根据第一段It seems journalists are pretty interested in wine research and the same might be said for coffee.。可知新闻工作者们（journalists），即题干中的reporters Grimm，对酒（wine）和咖啡（coffee）的研究

8、感兴趣，选项中只有coffee，因此选择D。2According to the passage, which of the following is TRUCE?A Freedman and his colleagues hired 400,00 Americans to collect date。B About four hundred thousand Americans worked for Freedmans team full time for 13 years。C People Who took part in Freedmans research are about 50 to

9、70 years old 。D People Who are 50 to 70 years old seldom drink coffee2. 【答案】C。根据第二段They analyzed data collected from more than 400,000 Americans ages 50 to 71 participating in the study，可知选项C正确，故为答案3 According to the author, scientists_。A have already proved that coffee is good for human healthB hav

10、e a long way to go before they find a way to study coffeeC have avoided the cause -and -effect approach to study coffeeD are still unable to figure out why coffee is good for us3. 【答案】C。根据第三段的A study like this can never prove a cause-and-effect relationship. All it can really do is to point research

11、ers in the right direction for further investigation.可知弗里德曼的研究已经得出不能证明a cause-and-effect relationship的结论，以后科学家们可以避免用这种方法研究咖啡，所以选项C为答案。4 The word mixed in the first paragraph means_A both good and bad B. put togetherC. both sharp and soft D. Confused4. 【答案】A。词汇解释题。由题干定位到第一段的内容。Neal freedman承认说研究结果“ha

12、ve really been mixed”，他接着说道“Theres also been maybe more recent evidence that coffee may protect against other diseases as well.”可知，研究证据显示了两种不同结论：咖啡增加患一些病的风险和咖啡抵御患另一些病的风险。所以A为答案5.Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?A. Can Beer Help You Live Longer?B. Can Coffee Help You Li

13、ve Longer?C. Can Whine Help You Live Longer?D. Can Tea Help You Live Longer?5. 【答案】B。主旨题。文章虽然在第一段提到了酒（wine），但是通篇都是在谈论弗里德曼对咖啡和人体健康的关系的研究，所以B为答案。文章没有提到啤酒（Beer）和茶（Tea）。Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:When were learning a foreign language, making sense of what we hear is th

14、e first step toward fluency. It sounds obvious, but until recently, we didnt know much about how listening works. New research demonstrates that effective listening involves more than simply hearing the words that float past our ears. Rather, its an active process of receiving information and making

15、 meaning. This kind of engaged listening is a skill thats as critical for learning a range of subjects at school and work as it is for learning to understand a foreign tongue。（78）Studies of skilled language learners have identified specific listening strategies that lead to superior comprehension. L

16、ast year, for example, University of Ottawa researcher Larry Vandergrift published his study of 106 undergraduates who were learning French as a second language. Half of the students were taught in a conventional fashion, listening to and practicing texts spoken aloud. The other half, possessing the

17、 same initial （最初的） skill level and taught by the same teacher, were give detailed instruction on how to listen. It turned out that the second group “significantly outperformed”（胜过）the first one on a test of comprehension。So what are these listening strategies? Skilled learners go into a listening c

18、lass with a sense of what they want to get of it. （79） They set a goal for their listening, and they generate predictions about what the speaker will say. Before the talking begins they mentally review what they already know about the subject, and form an intention to “listen out for” whats importan

19、t or relevant. Once they begin listening, these learners maintain their focus; if their attention wanders, they bring it back to the words being spoken. They dont allow themselves to be thrown off by confusing or unfamiliar details. Instead, they take note of what they dont understand and make infer

20、ences about what those thing might mean, based on other clues available to them; their previous knowledge of the subject, the context（语境） of the talk, the identity of the speaker, and so on。当我们在学习一门外语的时候，理解我们所听到的内容是走向熟练的第一步。这是显而易见的，但是直到最近，我们对于听力是如何起作用的还知之甚少。新的研究表明，有效的听力不仅包括听飘过我们耳朵的单词，而且，还包括一个接收信息和获得

21、意义的积极的过程。这种专注听力是一种技能，与在学校或工作中学习一系列的课程一样，这种技能对于学习弄懂一门外语也很关键。 （78）对于熟练的语言学习者的研究已经证实了一些可以获得高效理解的专门的听力策略。例如：去年，渥太华大学的研究者拉里万德格里夫特发表了一项以106名正在学习第二语言法语的本科生为受试对象的研究。对一半的学生采取传统方式教学，听力并练习大声读出来的课文。对另一半学生教授同样的初级听力技能，并且是同一位老师，给予他们怎么去听的详细的指导。结果显示，在一项理解测试中，第二组“很明显地胜过”了第一组学生。那么这些听力策略是什么呢？技巧娴熟的学习者进入听力课堂的时候，会带着一种他们想要

22、得到什么的感觉。他们为自己的听力做好了目标，然后他们会预测下说话者将要说什么。在对话开始之前，他们在心中复习下关于所听话题的已知信息，接着行成一个“期待着”重要和相关内容的意向。一旦这些学习者开始听音，他们把精力集中在他们所关注的地方；如果他们走神了，他们就把注意力集中到正在说的内容。他们不允许自己放过那些不清楚或是不熟悉的细节。相反，他们在不理解的地方做下标记，查对这些东西到底是什么意思，查对时会建立在其他已经明白的线索上：他们以往关于这个话题的知识，对话的语境，说话者的身份，等等。6. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Effective l

23、istening means hearing the words that float past our ears。B. Developing your listening skills is the first step toward developing fluency。C. Skilled listeners use specific strategies to get the most out of what they hear。D. Listening is one of the most powerful tools we have to gain information。6.【答

24、案】C。根据第一段This kind of engaged listening is a skill that is as critical for learning a range of subjects at school and work as it is for learning to understand a foreign tongue可知本文讨论的中心是engaged listening，投入的听对于学习有重大作用。后面两段分别讨论有效地听可以增强理解能力以及高效听力能力应用的技巧。7. What does Vandergrifts research show?A. Learne

25、rs who adopt specific listening strategies become better listeners。B. Learners taught in the traditional way are better at reinforcing what they learn。C. Learners are more confident if they make fewer mistakes。D. Learners who listen on a regular basis improve faster。7. 【答案】A。根据第二段第一句话：Studies of ski

26、lled language learners have identified specific listening strategies that lead to superior comprehension. 可知选项A正确。8. Which of the following statements about Vandergrifts research is TRUE?A. The participants were postgraduates learning French as a second language。B. All the participants were taught u

27、sing the conventional method, with the focus on listening strategies。C. The two groups were taught by different teacher。D. The participants were at the same initial skill level。8. 【答案】D。根据第二段The other half, possessing the same initial skill level and taught by the same teacher, were given detailed i

28、nstruction on how to listen. 可知选项D正确。9. The expression “thrown off” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to “_”。A. infected B. confused C. ruined D. Informed9. 【答案】B。词义理解题。根据第三段 these learners maintain their focus可知，具备高效听力能力的学习者专注。根据They dont allow themselves to be thrown off by confusing or unfamiliar details可知，专注听信息的人不受信息干扰。10. According to the passage, which of the following strategies is NOT used by skilled learners?A. Review their prior knowledge of the subject。B. Concentrate on the speakers words。C. Translate into their