写作技巧学生版文档格式.docx

1、第四档（1210分）较好地完成了规定的写作任务。基本上包含所有内容要点，结构较为完整，语句完整，意思清楚。语法和词汇错误较少，格式基本正确，书写较为规范。第三档（97分）基本上完成了规定的写作任务。包含主要内容要点，结构欠完整，少数语句不通顺，意思基本清楚。语法结构和词汇错误较多，格式基本正确，书写较为规范。第二档（64分）未能按要求完成规定的写作任务。只包含少数内容要点，结构不完整，多数语句欠完整，意思不够清楚。语法结构和词汇错误较多，影响理解，格式不够正确，书写欠规范。第一档（30分）只写出个别要点，结构不完整，多数语句不完整或意思不明。语法结构和词汇错误很多，书写不规范。书面表达题型 1

2、）记叙文记叙文一般是记叙某人或者某事，多用一般过去时来记叙。记叙文要有明确的主题和中心思想和线索。一般包括基本要素：who，what，when，where，why，how。写记叙文要掌握记叙事情或者人物的人称代词和动词的时态。一般记叙文用第一人称或者第三人称代词来写较好。例如：Planting TreesIt was fine on March 12, 2012. I got up early that day. All the students in our school went to the hill near our school and planted trees.We arrive

3、d there at eight oclock. The teacher asked each of us to plant at least six trees. Then we started digging, planting and watering. We all worked so hard that we could finish our tasks ahead of the time. Among us, Wang Lin, our monitor set a good example for us. Though he was ill, he worked harder. W

4、hen he finished his task, he went on to help others without having a rest. He was wet all over after work. “I must learn from him,” I said to myself. Looking at the lines of the young trees, we smiled happily, forgetting our tiredness. 2）说明文主要是对事物的类别、性质、特征、状态、功能等进行说明和解释，也可以对事物的发生、发展和消亡的过程进行解说。特点：知识性

5、、科学性、应用性、解说性、条理性。写说明文要抓住事物本质特征。要安排好说明的顺序，时间顺序还是空间顺序。要讲究说明的方法，一般用下定义、举例子、作比较、列数字、画图表和打比喻。要注意说明文的语言要准确，简洁、通俗生动。My Foreign Friend TomTom Brown is an American boy. He is 17 years old. He lives at 69 Park Road, New York with his parents. Tom is a student in No. 4 High School. On weekdays, he studies very

6、 hard. Art and music are his favorite subjects. In his spare time, he likes doing sports. He usually goes swimming three times a week. After supper, he usually walks. On Saturdays, he usually has parties, goes shopping and takes photos. He likes making friends and they always enjoy themselves. After

7、 a weeks hard work, he likes staying at home and watching TV on Sundays.Every year, he goes traveling to many countries.3）应用文主要包括：书信、日记、发言稿、电话记录、通知和贺卡。书信发言稿：开场白、正文和结束语（表示感谢、祝愿、希望）例如：Good morning everyone!We are studying in this school. Its our duty to keep it clean and tidy. Its not good to spit in

8、public places, such as in the library or in the classroom. We should neither draw pictures on the walls nor throw any litter on the ground. I think we must make it a rule to do some cleaning every day. If everyone tries his best to do something useful for our school, I am sure our school will be mor

9、e beautiful. Thats all. Thank you!日记：日记的写作非常简单，第一行开头顶格写月、日、星期，第一行的末尾写天气情况。第二行是日记的正文，格式和书信一样。日记一般是记叙过去的事情，所以用一般过去时比较多。通知：通知要简洁明了，写清楚时间、地点、事件、人物和发通知的单位和个人姓名。NoticeAll the Grade One students，There will be a meeting in the dining-hall about how to improve your memory at 3:30 this afternoon. Please get r

10、eady for it, and be there on time. Grade One OfficeJune 4, 2008请假条：内容简洁，说明请假的原因和时间就可以了。最后有请假人的姓名。Dear Mr. Wang,My parents have gone to Beijing, and I have to stay at home to look after my two-year-old sister. So I cant go to school today. Please give me a two-day off.Yours, Li Lei4）按出题的方式分一般有看图作文和有提

11、示作文等。 看图作文写好这种文体的关键是正确读图。首先，要看懂图片本身所表示的具体内容，包括人物、时间、地点、事件、过程变化和结果。读图时，图片中出现的每一个细节，如数字、符号、字母等都不能轻易放过，因为里面可能有重要信息；其次，要认真分析命题人的意图及思想倾向，即命题人要用这些图片说明什么道理，表面什么态度，要达到什么目的，及要表达什么主题。观察下图。根据图示和参考词语，适当拓展想象空间，以Why are trees important? 为标题，用英语写一篇不少于80个词的短语。 （1） 短文应切中题意，条理清楚，词句通顺，书 写清晰、规范。 （2） 短文第一句话已给出。参考词语：take

12、 in carbon dioxide吸收二氧化碳；oxygen氧气；insect昆虫；stop water and soil from going away防止水土流失；desert沙漠。【解析】1. 认真审题：本题已给出题目，我们可以根据题目，用提示词和图示为线索展开书写。2. 确定要素：树能吸收二氧化碳，释放氧气 树能给鸟类提供家园树能为某些小动物提供食物 树能阻止水土流失树能防止土壤沙漠化 植树造林，美化家园One possible version: Why are trees important? Trees are very important to us. Do you know

13、why? Let me tell you. Trees take in carbon dioxide from the air and make oxygen. Thats important. People and animals need oxygen to live. Many small animals and insects live in the trees. Some of them also get food from trees. Trees can also stop water and soil from going away. If we have a lot of t

14、rees, they can stop land from being desert. I think this is very important. You know, trees are green. They can make our country even more beautiful. Trees are our good friends. We should plant more trees and take good care of them.有提示作文中英文提示作文是最近几年中考常考的题型，其特征是：中文提供情景内容，英语提供关键词。近年来也有用表格、图表、图示、照片等来提供

15、提示的。实际上，看图作文就是用图画提示书面表达的内容。写有提示作文要注意两个方面：一是内容；二是表达。内容要包括所有要点，如果遗漏要点，就会丢分。知道了要写什么，最难的就是表达了。表达时要求用词准确、句子通顺、行文连贯，句型、短语使用准确，如果能正确运用较复杂的句子，内容做适当的发挥，就更能够提高作文的质量了。有提示作文是我们最常见的作文。书面表达步骤1）正确审题，确定内容要点2）草拟提纲3）写出每一段的主题句4）参照提纲，紧扣主题句，完成段落5）认真检查修改草稿书面表达解题技巧1）要注意看清题目的要求与提供的情景，需用哪些习惯用语，哪种时态，根据词数限制，应选用哪一种表达方式为最佳。2）表达

16、要正确，要注意英美人的习惯用语，切忌随心所欲，用中文去对照英文进行翻译。尤其是写对话时，更要注意在不同情境下的客套话或交际用语等。3）遇到自己不会的词语和句子，先想一想是否可以用其它的词语或句子来代替，换一种说法来写，可能会写得更好。不写没有把握的句子，切忌为使文章生动，在句中随意增加自己无把握的词，导致中文式英语而影响考试成绩。4）在写应用文类命题作文或对话时，应注意应用文的格式、人称、动词的时态等用法；写短文或对话时，要注意切题，有的同学，尤其是英语基础较好的同学，洋洋洒洒写了很多，可能已经离开主题了，也可能词数过多了，这些都有可能导致失分。写得多出错的可能也大，所以要注意要求的词数，不要

17、超出词数要求过多。书面表达万能句段首句1.Therearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto.Somesuggestthat.2.Thereisanoldsaying.Itstheexperienceofourforefathers，however，itcorrectinmanycaseseventoday.俗话说（常言道），它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。3.Today.,whichhavebroughtalotharmsdailylife.First,.Second,.Whatmakesthingsworsethat.现在，它们给我

18、们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，；其次，。更为糟糕的是。4.Nowadays，itcommonManylikeBecauseBesides，.现在，很普遍，许多人喜欢，因为，另外（而且）。5.Everythinghastwosidesandnotexception.Itbothadvantagesdisadvantages.任何事物都是有两面性，也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。6.Peoplesaboutvaryfrompersonperson.Somesaythat.Tothem,.关于人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说），在他们看来，7.hasbecomehottopicpe

19、ople，especiallyyoungheateddebatesrightontheirway.已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中引发激烈的辩论。8.hasbeenplayingincreasinglyimportantroleday-to-dayusbenefitsbutcreatedsomeseriousproblemswell在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题9.Mannowfacingbigproblem.,becomingmoreserious.人类正面临着一个严重的问题，这个问题变得越来越严重。10、Nowaday

20、s，itgenerally/commonlybelievedthat.,Iwonderthat.如今，人们普遍认为.,但是我怀疑.。11、Likecoinsides,therepositiveaspectnegativeto.“如同硬币的正反面，.也有积极的一面和消极的一面。12、Currently,issue.haspublicattention “近来，.的问题已经成为人们注目的焦点。”13、Alongwithrapidgrowthdaily “随着.的快速增长，.在日常生活中已经变得越来越重要。过渡句：1、Peoples views on vary from person to pers

21、on. Some hold that 。 However， others believe that。人们对的观点因人而异。有些人认为。 然而其他人却认为2、People may have different opinions on3、Attitudes towards （drugs） vary from person to person. 人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异。4、There are different opinions among people as to 关于 人们的观点大不相同。5、Different people hold different attitudes toward （

22、failure）。对（失败）人们的态度各不相同。6、A lot of people seem to think that. 很多人似乎认为7、It is commonly believed that / It is a common belief that人们一般认为8、Many people insist that很多人坚持认为衔接词事实上fact, asmatterfact, to tell you the truth, 结果是result,it turns out that., finally, therefore, so, thus原因是resultsfact,because, the

23、 reason is that.，thanks to, 列举:Forexample, for instance, here is an example that., such as, 我们都知道Asweallknow., it is well-known that.结论:word, to sum up, in conclusion, to conclude, in general, in short, above all, generally speaking, 表达自己看法faramconcerned, from my point of view, in my view让步关系过渡 alth

24、ough, though, after all, 强调关系过渡 obviously，in fact, especially, to be sure, 并列关系过渡 as well as, not only.but also, either.or., neither. Nor., 递进关系过渡whatsmore, moreover,besides,apartfrom, in addition, whats worse, 转折关系过渡:otherhand,otherwise, instead, on the contrary, however表示目的：so that, in order that,

25、 in case, 表时间的过渡词:while,after,soonas,lately,recently,thenon,eventually,meantime,then,suddenly,atsametime,next,earlythismorning/yearcentury,afterfewdays,now,presently,sudden,present,immediately,moment表换一种方式表达的过渡词:words,say,putitanotherwayIt做形式主语的引导句：obviousthat很明显的是goeswithoutsaying不用说据信generallyconsidered人们普遍认为hoped人们希望reported据报道said据说supposed据推测well-known众所周知mustbeadmitted必须承认cannotdenied不可否认