文学.docx

1、文学Virginia Woolf (18821941)1. Virginia Woolfs Life(1)Birth: On January 25, 1882, Virginia Woolf was born a middle-class family in London, named Adeline Virginia Stephen.(2) Father: Sir Leslie Stephen (1832-1904), editor, critic, biographer.(3) Mother: Julia Prinsep Jackson Duckworth (1846-1895)，came

2、 from a family of renowned beauties.(4) Education: educated by her parents at home library at 22 Hyde Park Gate(5) Depression: In 1895, when Virginia was thirteen, her mother Julia Stephens sudden death led to the first several nervous breakdowns. She never had a close relationship with her mother.

3、Can I remember? she once asked, being alone with her for more than a few minutes. In 1904, her father died, which provoked her most alarming collapse and she was briefly institutionalised. Modern scholars have suggested her breakdowns and depressive periods were also influenced by the sexual abuse t

4、o which she and her sister Vanessa were subjected by their half-brothers George and Gerald Duckworth. In Sketch of the Past (1939) she wrote: I can remember the feel of his hands going under my clothes; going firmly and steadily lower and lower, I remember how I hoped that he would stop; how I stiff

5、ened and wriggled as his hand approached my private parts. But he did not stop.(6) Moving house: Moved to the Bloomsbury section of London and formed the Bloomsbury Group.The Bloomsbury Group The Bloomsbury Group is a group of writers, intellectuals, philosophers and artists who held informal discus

6、sions in Bloomsbury throughout the 20th century. This English collective of friends and relatives lived, worked or studied near Bloomsbury in London during the first half of the twentieth century. Their work deeply influenced literature, aesthetics, criticism, and economics as well as modern attitud

7、es towards feminism, pacifism, and sexuality. Its best known members were Virginia Woolf, John Maynard Keynes（凯恩斯，经济学家）, E. M. Forster and Lytton Strachey. (7) Marriage: In 1912, eight years after her fathers death, when she was 30 years old ，Virginia married Leonard Woolf (1880-1969), a brilliant w

8、riter, critic and left-wing political journalist from Cambridge. They would have no children. (8) Lesbian experience: Had relationship that lasted through most of the 1920s with Vita Sackville-West. （薇塔萨克维尔维斯特，1892-1962,是伍尔夫奥兰多的真实人物原型，其代表作为海上无路标）(9) Death: On 28 March 1941, Woolf put on her overcoat

9、, filled its pockets with stones, and walked into the River Oise near her home and drowned herself. Woolfs body was not found until 18 April 1941. Her husband buried her remains under an elm in the garden of Monks House, their home in Rodmell, Sussex.2. Novels1. The Voyage Out 1915 出航2. Night and Da

10、y 1919 夜与日3. Jacobs Room 1922 雅各布的房间4. Mrs. Dalloway 1925 达罗卫夫人5. To the Lighthouse 1927 到灯塔去6. Orlando 1928 奥兰多7. The Waves 1931 海浪8. The Years 1937 岁月9. Between the Acts 1941 幕间Early stage(conventional technique)1. The Voyage Out (1915) 远航2. Night and Day (1919) 夜与日Middle stage(stream of conscious

11、ness)3. Jacobs Room (1922) 雅各的房间4. Mrs. Dalloway （1925） 达洛维夫人5. To the Lighthouse （1927） 到灯塔去6. Orlando （1928） 奥兰多7. The Waves （1931） 海浪The later periods (back to reality)8. The Years （1937） 岁月9. Between the Acts （1941） 幕间Essays Modern Fiction 1919现代小说 A Room of Ones Own 1929 自己的房间 The Common Reader

12、 1925 普通读者I The Second Common Reader 1933 普通读者II Three Guineas 1938 三个畿尼 Roger Fry: A Biography 1940 罗杰弗莱传记 The Death of the Moth and Other Essays 1942 飞蛾之死及其它 The Moment and Other Essays 1948 瞬间及其它随笔 Moments of Being 1976存在的瞬间3. Woolfs Literary Ideas and PracticeFeminist IdeasA. The Difference Betw

13、een Female Works & Male Works Female works are different from male works in subjects, language, style, etc.B. The Influences of Patriarchal Oppression on Womens Literary Creation She analyzed womens literary creation in terms of their economic status, social experience, education. In a patriarchal s

14、ociety, women had no chance to develop their literary creation.C. “Androgyny”Female authors should be unconscious of gender. Since there are two sexes in the world, there must be two sexes in the mind. The union of two sexes is responsible for creation.Adoption of Stream-of-Consciousness Method She

15、paid attention to the psychological time.“ Examine for a moment an ordinary mind on an ordinary day. ”Stream of consciousnessStream of consciousness is a psychological term indicating “the continuous flow of senseperceptions, thoughts, feelings, and memories in the human mind” or a literary method of representing a blending of mental processes infictionalcharacters, usually in an unpunctuated or disjointed form of interior monologue. The representatives are as followers: 马塞尔普鲁斯特(Marcel Proust) 18711922 A la recherche du temps perdu