Johnson中高口翻译必背词汇精析Word文档格式.docx

1、在这里，课本译文译为：reflecting the spirit of our time, being original in concept和having the universal significance，但这些译文仅可相信，绝不可迷信。翻译本身就是条条大路通罗马的过程，建议考生还可按其本质做注释翻译，如“时代性”即“与时俱进”，译为“keeping pace with time”, “touching the pulse of the modern era”均为上佳的译文。除此以外，这三个词的共同点是“性”这个词，这个词在翻译中也是个高频考点。比如：我们要意识到反腐败问题的长期性、艰巨

2、性和复杂性。这句例句中的三个“性”，用词典式翻译法是根本在词典中找不到对应单词的，而这里, “性”更不能想当然译为“sex”. 因此笔者还是建议考生之前先对其进行注释，其实“sex”在这里的本质是“性质”，即 “nature”,因此译为： the long-term, arduous and complicated nature 更符合其本意。字典是死的，语言环境是鲜活的。这一讲的重点是希望同学能按照语言环境，简称语境进行相应注释及转换，并最终完成两种不同语言的准确转换。Johnson 精析中高口翻译必背词汇（四）今天，让我们聚焦中口翻译教程P235 亚太经济合作组织与中国一文，对这一热点话题

3、所出现的难点词汇做解析。必背词汇：（贸易投资）自由化 liberalization（商业活动） 便利化 facilitation这两个词汇的关键点在于对“化”一词的翻译处理。“化”这种讲法是“五.四”运动之后语言进化的产物，在运动之前中文里是不带“化”的，而运动之后，这种“化”的文字现象愈演愈烈,一般的译文都用“-ization”的后缀形式进行翻译，比如“现代化”-modernization; “全球化”-globalization; “无核化”- denuclearization等等。一般情况下可以屡试不爽，文中的“自由化”也通过这种后缀方式进行翻译。但对于诸如“便利化”的翻译，如硬性添加“

4、-ization”的后缀，便会变得不伦不类，因此这种译法往往会成为译者的桎梏。对于“化“现象的翻译，关键需根据翻译的目标语言（这里是英语）的语言习惯，进行习惯化处理。比如商业活动便利化，即便利于商业活动，这种译文相对更符合facilitation的拼写习惯。其他例子还有：1.国际关系民主化，这里对于“民主化”不能生造单词“democracization”, 其实仔细一想，无非就是实施民主的意思。因此参考译文为practise democracy in international relations. 2.教育大众化，这里又不能硬译。一般可提供的参考用词是public-oriented/base

5、d/driven education. 只要体现出“大众”的趋势，都可以作为合格的译文。K 关于新闻 高频地点：战：Afghanistan Kosovo Yugoslavia Korea North Korea（Pyongyang） Gaza Israel Palestine India （New Delhi）Pakistan油：Iran Kuwait Saudi Arabia Venezuela 军：Washington （White House/Oval Office/Pentagon） London（Downing Street 10） Moscow（Kremlin）人名Ban Ki-M

6、oon 潘基文Obama 奥巴马Sarkozy 萨科齐Bernanke 伯南克Perez 佩雷斯Medvedev 梅德韦杰夫缩略词APECOPECUNESCO NATO NASA NASDAQ HAMAS GNPGDPCPI PPIWTO WHO附“中高级口译常见新闻英语词汇合集”Accord: agreement 协议，条约treaty；protocol Air: to make known, broadcast 广播，播放Assail: To criticize strongly 谴责Axe: To dismiss from a job; To cut, destroy, take awa

7、y 大幅削减Back: To support 支持embraceBalk: To refuse to accept 拒绝；阻碍 Ban: Prohibition; prohibit 禁止Bar: Not to allow, exclude 排外；禁止Bid: Attempt, offer 企图；努力 in a bid toBilk: To cheat 欺骗swindleBlast: Explosion; strong criticism; To criticize strongly; strike with explosives爆炸；严厉批评Blaze: Fire 火；火焰Blow: Inju

8、ry / disappointment suffered 遭受到的不幸或打击Boost: Promotion/promote, increase, support 促进fuel Chide: Ridicule 责骂；奚落Claim: To declare to be true; To kill 声称；夺命Clash: Dispute, violent argument, Battle （n.）; To disagree strongly; fight （v.） 冲突Cool: Uninterested; unfriendly 冷漠indifferent Curb: Restraint, lim

9、it 限制；抑制Deadlock: A disagreement that cannot be settled 僵局stalemate Deal: Agreement 共识；协议Drive: Campaign, effort 运动；事业Due: Expected 到期；预计到Envoy: Diplomat 特使 Eye: To watch with interest 凝视；盯着 Face: Undergo 面临；经历Fault: To find in the wrong 找茬；吹毛求疵Feud: Dispute, strong disagreement 世代结仇；斗争Flay: To accu

10、se; criticize strongly 严厉指责Foe: Opponent; enemy 敌人；仇敌；rival Foil: To prevent from succeeding 阻挠 Gems: Jewels 珠宝；珍宝Go-ahead: Approval 同意；许可Grab: Seize, win 抓住；赢得Grip: To take hold of 把握Gut: To destroy completely by fire 损毁（内部）；彻底烧毁Halt: Stop 停滞standstill Haul: Large quantity which has been stolen and

11、 later discovered 失而复得Head: To lead, direct 朝向 Head off: To prevent 阻止Held: To restrict 限制 Heist: Theft 抢夺 Hit: To affect badly 打击 Hold: To keep in police control; detain 拘留；拘押in custody Ink: To sign 签署put pen to Jet: Aero plane 喷气飞机Jobless: Unemployed 失业Key: Essential, vital, very, important 关键cruc

12、ial; pivotal Kick off: To begin 开始Lash out: accuse 指责；控诉 Laud: To praise 表彰acclaim Launch: To begin 开启；启动Line: Position; demand 排列Link: To connect 连接Loom: Expected in the near future 隐约出现Loot: To take away of valuable goods unlawfully （v.）; Stolen money or goods （n.） 洗劫；抢夺 Man: Representative Nab: T

13、o capture 抢夺；盗窃Net: To total; To capture 总额；捕获Nod: Approval 同意 Ordeal: Painful experience, drama 痛苦；严峻考验；折磨Office: An important government position 政府职位Opt: Choose; decide 选择 opt forOust: To take power away from, push out, drive out, replace 驱逐；剥夺Output: Production 产出Pact: Agreement, treaty 协议 Pay:

14、Wages, salary 工资Pit: Coal mine 煤矿；坑 Plea: Request for help 恳求 Pledge: Promise 许诺make commitment Plunge: Steep fall 暴跌Poised: Ready for action 泰然自若；平衡balanced Poll: Election, public opinion survey; Voting station 投票；公投Post: Position in government, business, etc.职位 Press for: To demand, ask for 要求 Pro

15、be: investigation 调查Prompt: To cause 促使Push: Encourage, support 鼓励；激励Quit: Leave, resign 放弃abort 废除Quiz: Question, interrogation 调查Rage: To burn out of control 激烈地进行；肆虐Raid: Attack, robbery 攻击，突击Rap: Accusation; charge; To criticize, reprimand 指责；指控Riddle: Mystery 谜 Rock: To shock; to surprise 惊人Rou

16、t: To defeat completely 击溃；溃败Row: To quarrel, argument, dispute 争吵Rule: To decide （especially in court） 判决；裁决Rule out: To not consider as a possibility 排除Sack: Dismiss from a job 开除；下岗Sack （from “ransack”）: To search thoroughly and rob 洗劫Scare: Public alarm 恐慌panic Set: Decide on, ready 考虑，决定 Slam:

17、criticize 批评；抨击Smash: defeat 打败；重创Slay: To kill or murder 杀死annihilate 彻底消灭Snag: Problem; difficulty 意想不到的障碍Snub: To pay no attention to 冷落；怠慢Soar: To rise rapidly 飙升Solon: legislator 立法者legislator; Congressman; Law-makerSpark: To cause; to lead to action促使；导致trigger; promptSplit: To divide 分离Squeez

18、e: Shortage, scarcity 紧锁Stalemate: A disagreement that cannot be settled 僵局deadlockStall: Making no progress 使停滞；陷入泥潭Stance: Attitude, way of thinking 立场 Stem: To prevent or stop 阻止curb Storm: Angry reaction, dispute 暴怒；猛冲Strife: conflict 冲突Sway: To influence or persuade 动摇；影响Swindle: An unlawful wa

19、y of getting money 诈骗 fraud; scam Switch: Change, deviation 变化Swoop: Sudden attack or raid 突袭；assault; forayTalks: discussion 谈判；negotiation; consultation Thwart: To prevent from being successful 阻止；hinder, impedeTies: relations 关系；links; bondsTop: To exceed 超过; surpass;Tot: Child 孩子 Toddler 幼童Trim：To cut 削减；slash 大幅削减Trigger：To cause 导致，诱发；Urge: insist, strongly request 敦促；呼吁; call for.;Vie：To compete 竞争Void：To determine to be invalid 作废；使无效；Vow：To promise 宣誓，pledge; swear;Walkout：Strike （often unofficial） ； stage a walkout 罢工Wed: To marry 结婚Wedlock: Marriage 婚姻Weigh：To consider 斟酌了、考虑