1、thoracic vertebrae 胸椎 lumbar vertebrae 腰椎 sacrum 骶骨 sternum 胸骨 rib 肋骨 thoracic cage 胸廓 skull 颅 frontal bone 额骨 parietal bone 顶骨 occipital bone 枕骨 temporal bone 颞骨 sphenoid bone 蝶骨 ethmoid bone 筛骨 mandible ( submaxilla ) 下颌骨 maxilla ( supermaxilla ) 上颌骨 nasal bone 鼻骨 coronal ( sagital , lambdoid ) su
2、ture 冠状(矢状,人字)缝 orbit 眶 clavicle 锁骨 scapula ( shoulder blade ) 肩胛骨 sternum ( breast bone ) 胸骨 manubrium sterni ( presternum ) 胸骨柄 midsternum 胸骨体 xiphoid 剑突 humerus 肱骨 radius 桡骨 ulna 尺骨 carpal bone 腕骨 metacarpal bone 掌骨 phalanges 指(趾)骨 hip bone 髋骨 ilium 髂骨 ischium 坐骨 pubis 耻骨 femur 股骨 patella 髌骨 tibi
3、a 胫骨 fibula 腓骨 articulation 关节 ligament 韧带 flexion 屈 extension 伸 adduction 收abduction 展medial rotation 旋内 lateral rotation 旋外 pronation 旋前 supination 旋后 circumductoin 环转 vertebral column 脊柱 intervertebral disc 椎间盘 temporal-mandibular joint 颞下颌关节 shoulder joint 肩关节 elbow joint 肘关节 radiocarpal joint 肩
4、关节 radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节 pelvis 骨盆 hip joint 髋关节 knee joint 膝关节 ankle joint 踝关节 muscle 肌肉 tendon 肌腱 fascia 筋膜 tendinous sheath 腱鞘 trapezius 斜方肌 latissimus dorsi 背阔肌 sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突的 scalenus 斜角肌 pectoralis major 胸大肌 intercostales 肋间肌 diaphragm 膈肌 inguinal canal 腹股沟管 masseter 咬肌 temporalis
5、颞肌 deltoid 三角肌 biceps brachii 肱二头肌 triceps brachii 肱三头肌 axillary fossa 腑窝 gluteus maximus 臀大肌 piriformis 梨状肌 sartorius 缝匠肌 quadriceps femoris 股四头肌 triceps surae 小腿三头肌 femoral triangle 股三角 3 、内脏 Visceraviscera 内脏 oral cavity 口腔 lip 唇 cheek颊 palate腭 tooth牙 dentestongue舌 parotid gland 腮腺 pharynx 咽 esop
6、hagus 食管 stomach gaster 胃 duodenum 十二指肠 jejunum 空肠 ileum 回肠 large intestine 大肠 caecum 盲肠 vermiform ( appendix ) 阑尾 colon 结肠 rectum 直肠 anal canal 肛管 dentate line 齿状线 anus 肛门 liver ( hepar ) 肝 porta hepatis 肝门 gallblader 胆囊 pancreas 胰nose 鼻 nasal cavity 鼻腔 paranasal sinus 鼻旁窦 larynx 喉laryngeal cavity
7、喉腔 vocal cord 声带 trachea 气管 bronchi 支气管 lung 肺 pulmonary 肺的 pleura 胸膜 mediastinum 纵隔 kidney 肾 renal pilvis 肾盂 ureter 输尿管 urinary bladder 膀胱 urethra 尿道 testis 睾丸 epididymis 附睾 ductus deferens 输精管 spermatic cord 精索 prostate 前列腺 scrotum 阴囊 penis 阴茎 ovary 卵巢 uterine tube 输卵管 uterus 子宫 vagina 阴道 clitoris
8、 阴蒂 mamma (breast ) 乳房 mammary papilla ( nipple ) 乳头 perineum 会阴 pelvic diaphragm 盆膈 peritoneum 腹膜 omentum 网膜 4 、心血管系统 Cardiovascular systemheart 心 artery 动脉 vein 静脉 capillary 毛细血管 atrium 心房 ventricle 心室 tricuspid valve 三尖瓣 bicuspid valve 二尖瓣 aortic valve 主动脉瓣 pulmonary valve 肺动脉瓣 sinuatrial node 窦房
9、结 atrioventricular node 房室结 atrioventricular bundle 房室束 right/left bundle branch 右 / 左束支 coronary artery 冠状动脉 coronary sinus 冠状窦 pericardium 心包 aorta 主动脉 innominate artery 无名动脉(头臂干) common carotid artery 颈总动脉 carotid sinus 颈动脉窦 internal ( external ) carotid artery 颈内(外)动脉 facial artery 面动脉 subclavia
10、n artery 锁骨下动脉 mesenteric artery 肠系膜动脉 common iliac artery 髂总动脉 popliteal artery 腘动脉 vena cava 腔静脉 internal jugular vein 颈内静脉 cephalic vein 头静脉 basilic vein 贵要静脉 saphenous vein 隐静脉 lymphatic duct 淋巴导管 thoracic duct 胸导管 lymph node 淋奉迎 spleen 脾 thymus 胸腺 5 、感觉器 sense organssensory organ 感觉器 receptor 感
11、觉器 visual organ 视器 eyeball 眼球 cornea 角膜 sclera 巩膜 choroid 脉络膜 ciliary body 睫状体 iris 虹膜 retina 视网膜 optic disc 视神经盘 macula lutea 黄斑 aqueous humor 房水 lens 晶状体 vitreous body 玻璃体 eyelid 眼睑 conjunctiva 结膜 lacrimal gland 泪腺 vestibulocochlear organ 前庭蜗器 ear ( auris ) 耳 auricle 耳廓 acoustic meatus 耳道 tympanic
12、 cavity 鼓室 tympanic membrane 鼓膜 pharyngotympanic tube 咽鼓管 bony ( membranous ) labyrinth 骨(膜)迷路 vestibule 前庭 semicircular canal 半规管 cochlea 耳蜗 cochlear duct 蜗管 olfactory organ 嗅器 gustatory organ 味器 taste bud 味蕾 skin 皮肤 6 、神经系统 Nervous systemcentral nervous system 中枢神经系统 peripheral nervous system 周围神经
13、系统 visceral nerve 内脏神经医学教 . 育网采集 afferent nerve传入迷经 efferent nerve传出神经 neuron 神经元 axon 轴突 dendrite树突 glia 神经胶质 gray matter 灰质 white matter白质 cortex皮质 madulla髓质 nucleus神经质 ganglion神经节 fasciculus神经束 nerve 神经 spinal nerve 脊神经 cervical plexus 颈丛 brachial plexus 臂丛 lumbar plexus 腰丛 sacral plexus 骶丛 phren
14、ic nerve 膈神经 median nerve 正中神经 ulnar nerve 尺神经 radial nerve 桡神经 femoral nerve 股神经 ischiatic nerve 坐骨神经 common peroneal nerve 腓总神经 cranial nerve 颅(脑)神经 olfactory nerve 嗅神经 optic nerve 视神经 oculomotor nerve 动眼神经 trochlear nerve 滑车神经 trigeminal verve 三叉神经 abducent nerve 展神经 facial nerve 面神经 vestibulococ
15、hlear nerve 前庭蜗神经 glossopharyngeal nerve 舌咽神经 vagus nerve 迷走神经 accessary nerve 副神经 hypoglossal nerve 舌下神经 autonomic nervous system 自主神经 vegetative nervous system 植物神经 sympathetic nerve 交感神经 parasympathetic nerve 副交感神经 spinal cord 脊髓 encephalon ( brain ) 脑 brain stem 脑干 medulla oblongata 延髓 pons 脑桥 m
16、esencephalon 中脑 midbrain 中脑 cerebellum 小脑 diencephalon 间脑 thalamus 丘脑 hypothalamus 下丘脑 hypophysis 垂体 telencephalon 端脑 cerebrum 大脑 cerebral cortex 大脑皮质 corpus striatum 纹状体 internal capsule 内囊 spinothalamic tract 皮质脊髓束 medial lemniscus 内侧丘系 lateral lemniscus 外侧丘系 spinal lemniscus 脊髓丘系 trigeminal lemni
17、scus 三叉丘系 7 、体表标记 Anatomic marksnaso-labial groove 鼻唇沟 suprasternal fossa 胸骨上窝 supraclavicular fossa 锁骨上窝 infraclavicular fossa 锁骨下窝 armpit ( axillary fossa ) 腋窝 midsternal ( midian ) line 胸骨中线(正中线) anterior midian line 前正中线 parasternal line 胸骨旁线 midclavicular line 锁骨中线 mammillary ( nipple , milk )
18、line 乳线 posterior ( mid- , anterior ) axillary line 腋后(中,前)线 scapular line 肩胛线 midspinal line 脊柱中线 dorsomedian line 后正中线 linea paravertebralis 脊椎旁线 the left ( right ) upper abdomen (quadrant ) 左(右)上腹 epigastrium 上腹部 the middle abdomen 中腹部 the lower abdomen 下腹部 linea pararectalis 腹直肌旁线 anterior superior spine髂前上棘symphysis pubis( symphysion) 耻骨联合ischial tuberosity坐骨结节groin( inguen) 腹股沟popliteal fossa腘窝 upper extremity( limb)上肢lower extremity)下肢posterior superior spine髂后上嵴anterior( dorsal) part of chest(前(后)胸部)scapular region肩胛区 ( posterior)fontanelle前(后)囱
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