高考英语二轮语法精讲精练非谓语动词Word下载.docx

1、如果要说明不定式的动作执行者，可以用for或of 即：It is + adj.+ for / of sb. to do sth.2. 作表语 My wish is to become a teacher.3. 作宾语 Most of us like to watch football matches.4. 作宾语补足语 He told me to be here on time.5. 作定语 I have nothing to say about that thing.6. 作状语 He stopped to have a look.3.动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定形式not + to

2、 + 动词原形 He asked me not to make such a mistake.4.动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以接动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。（1） He doesnt know how to use the machine.（不定式作宾语） （2） How to use the machine is a question.（不定式作主语） （3） The question is when to go there.（不定式作表语）（二）动词不定

3、式的时态和被动形式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号（to）加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：1 一般式to do 例如：I like to read English.2 进行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.3 完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.4 被动式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon.5 完成被动式to have been done 例如：The boy is sa

4、id to have been sent to hospital yesterday.二、分词分词是动词非谓语形式的一种，包括现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示：主动，动作正在进行。过去分词表示：被动，动作已经完成。（一）分词的作用分词在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语。1作定语 Do you know the boy standing at the gate?Have you read the book written by Lu Xun？2作表语 We are excited at the news.The news he told us is exciting.3作宾语补足语 I h

5、eard him singing a song in the classroom.We found the ground covered with snow.4作状语 While lying in bed, he listened to some music.Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。（二）分词的时态现在分词分一般式和完成式，而过去分词则没有时态形式的变化。现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在谓语动词之前发生。Knowing his

6、 uncle would come, he began to make some preparations.现在分词的完成时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。常用作状语。Having finished his homework, he went to bed.（三）现在分词的被动式被动一般式 being done 例如：This is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city.被动完成式 having been done 例如：Having been told many times, he was able to opera

7、te the machine.（四）分词的否定形式分词的否定式，由not+分词构成，Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again.Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.（五）分词独立主格结构当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum. The meeti

8、ng being over, they all left the room.三、动名词 动名词是动词非谓语形式的一种,由动词加ing构成。动名词既有动词特征，也有名词特征。 动名词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。 Smoking does great harm to peoples health. （作主语） My job is looking after children. （作表语） I have finished reading the novel.（作宾语） We have got a swimming pool in our school.（做定语） 动名词的否定形式由not +

9、动名词构成。 He made me angry by not taking the medicine. 动名词的复合结构由名词所有格或物主代词加上动名词构成。 Would you mind my opening the door? 动名词的一般式，表示的动作可以与谓语动词同时发生或在前，或在后。 We all enjoy listening to music.（同时发生） Do you remember meeting me there?（在谓语动词前发生） 动名词的完成式表示在谓语动词之前完成的动作。 I regret not having been taken to the Great W

10、all when I was a child. She attended the party without being invited.第二节 实战演练一、复习时需注意的要点1 动词不定式一般式表示的动作可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生,也可能在其之后发生。I saw the young man enter the house.（同时发生） I hope to go there next time.（之后发生）2不定式完成式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生。Im sorry to have broken your glasses.3不定式进行式表示不定式的动作，与谓语动词同时发生。When h

11、e came in, I happened to be reading at the table.4不定式的被动式有两种形式：to be done表示将要被做，to have been done表示已被做。The new cinema to be put up next year will be very large.The cinema is said to have been built last year.5. 在表示情绪的动词，如like, love, hate, prefer等后，用动名词作宾语表示一般倾向，用不定式表示特定某事。但在would/should like/love/pr

12、efer后要用不定式 例如：I hate eating the same food every day. Would you like to watch TV in the evening?6. 在动词need, want, require后用动名词表示被动含义，相当于动词不定式的被动式；而用动词不定式的主动式表示主动含义。The house needs cleaning. = The house needs to be cleaned. He needs to clean the house first.7. 在介词后一般用动名词作宾语，但在少数介词，如but, except后用动词不定式作

13、宾语，但要注意“to”的省略，如but前有“do”则省去“to”。I have done nothing but help him with his luggage. I have no choice but to wait for him at the bus stop.8. 分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，因此，要表示完成主动的意思常用定语从句。The accident which happened yesterday was very serious.9. 如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子不是相同的，则要用从句或分词独立主格结构来表示。Weather permitting, we will g

14、o to the Center Park.10. 分词作状语时， 分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语相一致。若它们之间的关系是主谓关系，用现在分词，而动宾关系则用过去分词。如果分词的动作先于谓语，分词要用完成时。Having finished his composition, he went home. While looking through the paper, he found some errors.二、历届高考试题分析例1、The discovery of new evidence led to _.A. the thief having caught B. catch the thie

15、f C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught【答案】C。 lead to这个词组中to是介词，后面跟名词，于是B被排除，the thief是动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构，与catch之间应是被动关系，故排除A。常见的带介词to的短语有：（get） be used to, look forward to，look up to, stick to, object to, be devoted to, pay attention to等。例2、Though _money, his parents managed to send

16、 him to university.A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in lack是及物动词，后接宾语money。his parents与lack是逻辑上的主谓关系，要用现在分词作状语。译文：虽然缺钱，他的父母亲还是设法让他上了大学。 例3、He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost【答案】：B risk后面只

17、能带动名词做宾语，含义为“冒之险”。例4、 _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed 在非谓语动词中，用动名词或不定式来作主语，而分词和介词短语不能作主语，因此A、D被排除。在这个句子中，will do是谓语，缺少主语，要用动名词作主语。expose与ones skin是动宾关系，所以要用动名词的被动式being exposed。在阳光下晒太长时间对人的皮肤有坏处。例5、_ into

18、use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being putA put sth. into use “让投入使用”。显然，put 和句子主语the hotline 构成被动关系，所以用表示被动的过去分词。例6、It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _

19、 a look at the sports stars.A. had B. having C. to have D. haveC 动词不定式充当目的状语。例7、With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 【答案】 C 动词不定式to settle作为difficult problems的定语表示现在或将来要解决的难题；过去分词settle作定语表示已经解决的难题，

20、现在分词的被动式being settled作定语表示正在解决的难题。例8、More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been takenA take advantage of （利用）和句子主语More and more people 构成主动关系，且和句子谓语sign up for （报名参加）同时发生，所以选择A。例9、

21、 Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong.A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit【答案】 A。 该句中的but是介词，后接动词不定式。当谓语动词是do，does或did时，后接不带to的不定式；是其他动词时，后接带to的不定式。该句的谓语是could do nothing，要填动词原形admit。山德不得不向老师承认自己错了。例10、 He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information.A. hoped B.

22、hoping C. to hope D. hope【答案】 B。 现在分词hoping表示与send me an e-mail同时发生的动作。一些考生认为应该填不定式作目的状语。不定式作目的状语时，句子的正确形式是：He sent me an e-mail to get further information.不需要hope一词，如果要选择“hoped”时，句子的正确形式是：He sent me an e-mail and hoped to get further information。“hope”和“sent”作并列谓语。第三节 巩固练习Direction: Beneath each of

23、 the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _ a good college.A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered【陷阱】容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词 could 就断定此处应填动词原形 enter。【分析

24、】其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句，即在 could 后省略了动词 do，若把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语（to enter a good college）是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词（could）一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句：（1） They did what they could to comfort her. 他们尽量安慰她。（2） They did everything they could to

25、save her life. 他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。（3） He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。值得指出的是，这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题：（4） He ran as fast as he could _ to catch the early bus.A. to hope B. hope C. hoping D. hoped此题的答案是 C不是A，其中的现在分词短语 hoping to catch the early bus 用

26、作伴随状语。（5） He spent every minute he could _ spoken English.A. practice B. to practice C. practicing D. practised此题答案选 C，这与前面动词 spent 的搭配有关，即 spend （in） doing sth。若将此句补充完整，即为 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.（6） Before going abroad he devoted all he could _ his oral En

27、glish.A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving此题答案选D，注意两点：一是 devote to 是固定搭配，意为“把贡献给”；二是其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。2. He knows nothing about it, so he cant help _ any of your work. A. doing B. to do C. being doing D. to be done【陷阱】容易误选B，根据 cant help doing sth 这一结构推出。【分析】其实答案应选A。比较以下结

28、构：cant help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事又如下面一题，答案也是 B：She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.A cleaning B. to clean C. cleaned D. being cleaned再请看以下试题：While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A. to persuad

29、e B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded此题应选C，句中的 cant help 意为“禁不住”（注意根据句意用被动形式）。3. All her time _ experiments, she has no time for films.A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下：（1） devote 意为“致力于，献身于”，主要用 devoteto或be devoted to，其中的to 是介词，不