英语专业八级测试汉译英常用技巧及实例讲解Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、What kind of attitude the cross-century young generation will have to meet the new century that promises so much hope is the question we must answer.It is the question we must answer that what kind of attitude the cross-century young generation will have to meet the new century with so much hope.“姿态

2、”在这里是抽象含义，即“态度”，因此应译为attitude，而不是gesture或pose等表示具体动作的词。例4：美国内部对中国政策究竟怎么样，我们还要观察。We still have to wait and see what China policy will be pursued by the American authorities. （the American government）“美国内部”并非指“美国国内”，而是指美国领导层。within the U.S.不足以传达这样的意思。We still have to wait and see what China policy wil

3、l be pursued by the American authorities （government）.例5：因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。（2006真题）because the degree of which is changing （moving ） with the expansion of ones desire and ambition.应准确把握“转移”这个词在这里的确切含义，切忌望文生义。（2）表意模糊的词有些汉语词语比较笼统，表意模糊，译成英语时应突破汉语重直觉、重表象的思维模式，寻求词语的确切含义。昨天看电影我没有买到好票。I did not buy a

4、good seat for yesterdays film.“好票”比较笼统，实际上是指“好座位”。这所全国重点大学为社会输送了大批的人才。The national key university has prepared batches of qualified graduates for the society.“输送”具体来说是指“培养出”，“人才”译为qualified graduates更具体。（3）比喻词汇汉语有许多比喻词汇，表面意义和喻指含义完全不同，英译时应跳出机械对应的思维定式，动态地译出其潜在含义。老师答应给这几个学生“吃小灶”。The teacher has promise

5、d to give these students special tuition.“吃小灶”在这里指的是“个别辅导”。他是个墙头草，谁硬就跟谁。He always sits on the fence and falls on the side of the stronger.“墙头草”是个比喻，与英语中sit on the fence含义一样。译文为译出内在含义舍弃了其表面意义。2、词类转换（1）动词名词他得出这一结论是深思熟虑的结果。His arrival at this conclusion was the result of much thought.英语中有大量行为抽象名词表示行为或动

6、作意义，如advice, agreement, arrival, defence, exception, increase, knowledge, praise, use等。吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。（2004真题）You will be full of praise while eating the first two main courses.（2）动词介词 例： 原文：这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。（2002真题） 译文：Thus, every place, with its own legends and tales, has its traditions an

7、d customs passed on from generation to generation.（3）动词形容词 使用与动词同源的词，译文有时比直接使用动词更地道、标准。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。Therefore, everyone has become unanimously and profoundly dependent on Nature.他对过去追悔莫及，并保证永远不再开汽车。He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars once and for all.（

8、4）形容词或副词名词例：只有这些生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。（2007真题）leaving these livings to enjoy this moment of dusk with full ease and freedom.（5）名词动词大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。 People, rich or poor, are equally favored by Nature.3、词的增补（1）语法需要面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛到一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。（2001真题）When facing a pool of green water, you forget all y

9、our worries and annoyance and enjoy a good rest, both mentally and physically. 增译出句中隐含的代词在我所呆的三年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。（1997真题）During the three and a half years I stayed at the lab, a total of 14 students were recruited to his lab, but only 5 of them got their doctors degrees at last.汉译英时需补

10、充连词，保持句子结构完成。有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。A place with water and fish is necessarily blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood.农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多，因此欲望也小得多。People in the agriculture society enjoyed far less than people in the industry society, thus their desires are far les

11、s either.英语中用得最多的介词有九个：at, by, for, from, in, of, on, to, with。根据上下文灵活选择介词。（2）意思表达需要世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。（2000真题）The third-generation museums in the world are run on entirely new concepts.“充满全新理念”的含义是说博物馆的创建、运营理念与众不同，如果按字面意思译为full of new ideas/concepts，就会造成“博物馆里到处都是新理念”的误解。这个车间既做来料加工，也做来样加工。This wor

12、kshop processes raw materials on clients demand and processes according to investors samples as well.浓缩的意合词，应译出完整含义。这是黄河滩上的一幕。This is a scene taking place on the shore of the Yellow River.（3）文化背景解释的需要三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮。/ The wit of three cobblers combined surpasses that of Zhuge Liang, the master mind.黄鼠狼给

13、鸡拜年。/The weasel goes to pay his respects to the hen not with the best of intensions.4、词的减省把原文中一些仅为语法需要而存在的词、词组加以适当省略，达到译文通顺、意思完整、句子精练的目的。于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。The happiness turns to anger, praise to scolding and nit-picking, and head-nodding to head-shaking.种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花（2002真题）Planting

14、 crops and grapes; brewing and drinking wines; raising and milking cows; weeding and planting flowers（减省重复的名词短语）用点画成线，用线画成平面，用平面画成立体。With points you can make a line; with line, planes; with planes, solids. （减省主谓句子成分）5、词的替代汉译英时可用替代的方法来避免重复，英语中主要有三种替代现象：名词成分替代、谓语成分替代和分句替代。（1）名词成分替代 用代词替代重复出现的名词狡猾的人轻视学

15、问；愚昧的人羡慕学问；聪明的人利用学问。Crafty men contemn （despise, disregard） studies; benighted men admire them; and wise men use them. 用名词性替代词替代重复出现的名词可用于替代的此类名词包括enough, half, the same, the kind, the sort, the former, the latter, the issue等。你最喜欢哪个男孩？ 最高的那个男孩。-Which boy do you like best? -The tallest one. 同义词替代同义词替

16、代指用不同名词来表示同一个人或事物，常是概括词（generic term）和下属词（specific word）之间的替换。如用the furniture替代table，用vehicle替代car，用the animal替代horse等，以免重复。另外一种方法是化学方法。Another method is the chemical approach.（2） 谓语成分替代可用于代替重复出现的动词，或整个谓语部分。此类替代词包括do及其搭配do so, do it, do that, do this, do the same等，替代句型包括so do/be/will+主语、so+主语+do/be/

17、will、as be+主语等。我不愿为占用你的时间而道歉，我占用你的时间是有道理的。I will not apologize for trespassing on your time. I have a good reason for doing so/that.例2:他说他很勤奋，他确实很勤奋。You say he is diligent, so he is.成绩有两重性，错误也有两重性。Achievement has a dual character, and so do mistakes.自周秦以来，中国是一个封建社会，其政治是封建的政治，其经济是封建的经济。From the Zhou

18、and Qin Dynasties onwards, Chinese society was feudal, as were its politics and economy.（3）分句替代用替代词so/ not来替代充当宾语的that从句；用 if so或if not替代条件状语从句；用so代替整个从句。原文；明天会下雨吗？ 我想不会/会下雨。-Will it rain tomorrow? -I guess not/so.你会来出席会议吗？假如不出席会议，请及早通知我们。Will you come to attend the meeting? If not, please notice us

19、 as soon as possible.得罪了你就得罪了你。If you were offended, so be it.（二）句的翻译汉语造句以名词为重心，以词组、散句和分句为手段，善于按时间、逻辑顺序进行横排式叙述，其中各种逻辑关系“含而不露”，甚至断句不严，外形松散、自由，富于弹性。而英语则以“主谓”的主干结构为中心来统领各语言成分，句界分明，外形严谨。汉译英时，译文在逻辑和外形上应体现出英语的特点。对于单句，首先应当确立句子的主干及句型；对于复杂的句子或长句，则需要确立信息中心，根据上下文行文需要进行句子组合，可以译为并列句、复合句（名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句）、并列复合句或使用

20、独立结构等。1、确立主干 汉译英时，不管汉语句子如何复杂，首先要考虑英语的基本组句框架，始终不能脱离“主谓”主干这一总的框架，然后进行相应的时态变化、语态变化、语气变化、句式转换（肯定、否定、疑问、强调句式、倒装句式等）、增加定语、状语修饰成分、插入语等。（1）确立主语 避免主语机械对应这个地区比较多雨。译文1：It rains a lot in this area.译文2：This area sees much rain.译文3：There is much rain in this area.汉语主语的角度变化很少，英语则变化较多，英语主语有多种选择。 时间词或方位词在主语位置有些汉语句子常

21、把时间词或方位词放在句首充当主语，译成英语时往往采用there be结构。山脚下住着一位老妇人。There lives an old lady at the foot of the mountain.明天下大雪。There will be a heavy snow tomorrow. 汉语主语是复合结构汉语的动词词组、主谓结构或句子作主语时，往往译成“it”作主语的英语句子。“it”充当形式主语是英语组句的一大优势，它还可以表示天气、时间、强调等。信不信是你自己的事。 It is your concern whether you believe me or not. 最好是等他们回来。 It

22、may be advisable to wait till they come back.勤能补拙 It is diligence that makes for deficiency.（2）确立谓语汉语的谓语具有开放性，除了动词之外，名词、形容词等词类都可以直接充当谓语，而且可以几个动词连用（横排式），而英语的谓语通常只能由某个动词或系表结构担任，其他动词往往以非谓语动词的形态出现。在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。 （2004真题）We shouldnt be too romantic about human relationships.汉语中名词可充当谓语，英译文中转为系表结构。愈吃愈趋

23、于冷静 （2004真题）The more you eat, the calmer you will become.当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。（2005真题）As long as they are living, they always work and study as hard as possible, unwilling to dream their life away, let alone waste even a single moment of their lives. 汉语谓语动词时态、情态及语态是隐性的，英译文中应变为显形，例2和例

24、3的译文分别补充出汉语中隐藏的时态。2、语序调整（1）定语的位置汉语的定语通常在修饰词之前；英语的定语位置分两种：前置和后置。单词充当定语通常放在被修饰的中心词前；而短语和从句作定语则多置于所修饰的中心语之后。它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。which present the fruits achieved by industrial civilization at various stages.钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。Fishing is an outdoor sport that can help cultivate your mind and it is

25、good for our mental and physical health.（2）状语的位置 例1：我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片喧闹。（2003真题）Without being noticed, I lifted the curtain in my small room, only to spy the bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden. （状语前置）中华民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切。Chinese people has never regarded human being as the hi

26、ghest creature among everything else since ancient times. （状语后置）我吃了晚饭后出去散步。I went out for a walk after I had my dinner./ After I had my dinner, I went out for a walk.汉语按事情发生先后叙述，而英语中时间状语从句可在主句前，也可在主句后。他本来在天津开会，会议一结束，他就上北京去度假了，昨天才坐飞机回来。He had flown yesterday from Beijing where he spent his vacation after finishing the meeting he had taken part in Tianjin.多个时间状语出现时，汉语按时间先后顺序排列，而英语中状语的顺序则比较灵活。他是1970年5月20日在北京朝阳区出生的。He was born in Chaoyang District of Beijing on May 20, 1970.汉语中时间状语在地点状语之前，时间状语与地点状语按从大到小的顺序排列，而英语中地点状语在时间状语之前，时间状语与地点状语按从小到大的顺序排列。（3）汉英语言