五动词虚拟语气Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、 It is suggested （requested, proposed, desired, etc） that It is strange that he （should） have done that.It is a pity that he （should） be so careless.It is requested that we （should） be so careless.（2）在宾语从句中用于 suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, comma nd等动词后的宾语从句中， 表间接的命令和

2、建议。其谓语形式是（should）+动词原形”。 如：I suggest that we （should） go swimming.（3）在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是 suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是 （should） +动词原形 。 His suggestion is that we （should） leave at once.（4）在同位语从句中，谓语形式是 （should） +动词原形”。We received order that the work be done a

3、t once.（5）在It is time that 句型中，其谓语动词形式是 动词的过去式或should 动词原形 ,should 不可省。Its time （that） we went （ should go） to school.II 例题例1 We had hoped that he Ion ger.A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay解析：该题正确答案为D。 had hoped表示本希望，同样用法的动词还有 think, expect等,后面的句子需用虚拟语气例2 Mary wants to see you today.I would

4、 rather she tomorrow than today.A comes B came C should come D will come该题正确答案为E。 would rather后面的从句需用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表示。例3 Had she bee n older, she it better.A had done B might have doneC might do D would do 解析：Had she bee n older = If she had bee n old.故该题正确答案为E。（6）短语动词I 要点英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体， 其用法有的相当于及

5、物动词， 有的相当于不及 物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：（1）动词介词常见的有 look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of （from）, add to, lead to 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。Dont laugh at others.I didnt care about it.（2）动词副词常见的有 give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out 等。这类短语动词

6、的宾语如果 是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边； 宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放 在副词前边。Youll hand in your homework tomorrow.Please dont forget to hand it in.（3）动词副词介词常见的有 look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with 等。这类短语 动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。All his money added up to no more than $100.After a short rest, he went

7、 on with his research work.（4）动词名词介词常见的有 take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能 放在介词后边。You should pay attention to your handwriting.We should make full use of our time.（5）动词形容词常见的有 leave open, set free, cut open 等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在 形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须

8、放在形容词前边。The prisoners were set free.He cut it open.（6） 动词+名词常见的有 take place, make friends 等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。This story took place three years ago.I make friends with a lot of people.（ 7 ）辨析give away（ 让给，暴露 ）和 give up （放弃，停止）put away （放起，收起）和 put out （扑灭）turn up （出席，放大）和 turn on （打开）keep out （阻止）和 keep

9、 off （不让靠近）make up （编造，补上）和 make out （辨认）take off （脱，起飞）和 take out （拿出）例1 It is wise to have some money for old age.A put away B kept up C given away D laid up该题正确答案为A。意为 ”存”；keep up意为”继续”；give away意为”分发”；lay up贮藏例2 Heres my card. Lets keep in .A touch B relation C connection D friendship 解析：该题正确答案为

10、 A. keep in touch 为短语动词，意为 保持联系 例3 ! Theres a train coming.A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on 解析：该题选 A. look out 意为 小心 （七）动词不定式1、 不定式的形式。以动词 write 为例。2、 不定式的句法功能（1） 作主语To hear from you is nice.To be a good teacher is not easy.不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以 it 作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。s nice to hear f

11、rom you.s not easy to be a good teacher.（2） 作宾语通常用于 want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help 等词后。I forgot to lock the door.Please remember to write to me.（3） 作表语My job is to pick up letters.He seemed to have heard nothing.（4）作定语不定式作定语时，须

12、放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。I have two letters to write.I have a lot of work to do.（5）作宾补通常用于 want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force 等词后。 He ordered her to leave at once.He was forced to obey his order.（6）作状语He got up early to catch the first bus.He worked hard to catch up with the

13、other students.（7）作独立成分To tell you the truth, I told a lie.（8）疑问词+不定式”结构。女口：I dont know how to choose them.I cannot decide where to go.（ 9）不定式的否定式。I decided not to go.（ 10 ）不定式的完成式。He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.（11） to

14、oto结构。He was too excited to go to sleep.He was only too glad to go. （ 他太高兴了，乐意去 ）（ 12）主动表被动。The book is easy to read.Ihave a book to read.II.例题例1 I have nt got a chair .chair. 因为不定式和它所修饰的 on 不能省略。A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting该题选 C。不定式to sit on在句中作定语，修饰名词 名词间是 动宾关系 ，所以不定式必须是及物动词，

15、故此处 例 2 He was made .A go B gone C going D to go该题选 D 。 make sb. do sth. 如果是被动形式，不定式 do 前的 to 不能省略。 例 3 A new factory is very soon.A to be built B builtC to build D to building该题选 A。 is to be built 意为 将要被建 （八）动名词I . 要点动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。1、 动名词的形式，以 write为例。否定式 not +动名词2、 动名词的用法（1） 作主语 Playing

16、football is my favorite sport. Travelling with friends at weekend is fun. 作主语的动名词结构复杂且长时，可用 it 作形式主语。 It is fun travelling with friends at weekend.Ienjoy playing PC game.He gave up writing five years ago.What he hated most was doing nothing.Seeing is believing. 动名词作表语时，句子的主语常是无生命名词或 what 引导的名词性从句。（4

17、） 作定语Theres a dining room in my school.All the people watching laughed.（5） 动名词的复合结构”物主代词（或名词的所有格） +动名词”。Toms going home late made her mother angry. Would you mind my opening the window? 不过，动名词的逻辑主语在遇到以下情况时，必须用名词的普通格（或人称代词的宾格）1无生命名词The girls were afraid of the door suddenly closing.Fire burns better

18、by oxygen being at work.2有生命名词，但表泛指。Have you ever heard of girls smoking?3两个以上的有生命的名词并列。Do you still remember my parents and me coming to see you that day? 3后面常接动名词的动词和短语 mind, enjoy, finish, consider, practise, magine, keep, suggest, advise, allow, permit, be worth doing, be used to doing, be busy

19、doing, cant help doing, it is no good doing, it is no use doing, look forward to doing, stick to doing, pay attention to doing, devote to doing, lead to doing例1 She says she doesnt feel like out with you.A going B to go C for going D went该题正确答案为 A 。 feel like = want, 此处 like 为介词，后面要接名词或动名词作宾 语 例2 Th

20、e garden needs .A water B watering C to water D wateredto 该题正确答案为 B。 need = want = require. 如果物作主语， 此三者后要接动名词或 be done 这一结构作宾语。例3 Excuse me you.A interrupting B to interruptC interrupted D to have interrupted该题正确答案为 A。excuse后接动名词作宾语，此句中的me为动名词的逻辑主语（常 用于口语中） 。（九）分词I 要点 分词既具有动词的一些特征， 又具有形容和副词的句法功能。 它分

21、为现在分词和过去分词两 类。现在分词和过去分词的主要差别在于现在分词有一般式和完成式， 过去分词则只有一般式。现在分词表动作正在进行，表主动。过去分词及物动词表动作已经完成，表被动。过去 分词不及物动词表动作已经完成，表主动。过去分词的句法功能：1、 作定语I like to read the novel written by Lu Xun.The woman sitting beside the broken window was a friend of mine.2、 作表语When I came into the room, I found the window was broken.I

22、m interested in this book.3、 作宾语补足语m going to have my bike repaired.When I walked home, I saw the thief caught by the police.4、 作状语Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks small.The teacher came into the classroom, followed by his students. 现在分词的句法功能。1、 作状语Seeing from the top of the mountai

23、n, I found the city was beautiful.Walking along the street, they suddenly saw him.2、 作宾语I hate being spoken ill of.He considered visiting Japan during the winter vocation.3、 作表语Seeing is believing.The book is interesting.4、 作宾语补足语I noticed him crossing the street.Mother caught him smoking in the kit

24、chen.5、 作定语Do you know the man writing a letter?The worker running a machine is my brother. 分词使用中的几个问题1、现在分词的完成式Having cleaned the room, I went out.2、现在分词的否定式Not having received any letter, he felt a little worried.3、现在分词与过去分词的不同 现在分词表示主动、正在，过去分词表示被动、完成I found the man killed there.I found the man st

25、anding there.4、 have 结构We have the car repaired.We have repaired the car.We have Tom repair the car.We have Tom repairing the car the whole morning.5、分词作表语We were excited at the news.The football game is exciting.6、独立主格结构It being a fine day, we went out to visit the park.例 1、 Time ， Ill go on a picn

26、ic with you.A. permit B. to permit C. permitted D. permitting该题答案为 D。 Time permitt ing 是独立主格结构，意为”如果时间允许的话 例 2、 if he had any bad habit, she replied that he was a heavy smoker.A. Ask B. To ask C. Asked D. Asking该题答案为 C。主语she是被问。初中英语语法重难点集汇（一） 主谓一致 主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系。一个句子中主谓一 致，通常指三个基本原则：语法一致

27、，即形式上一致；概念一致，即概念或意念上 的一致；毗邻一致，即谓语动词的形式与邻近的名词一致。一、 语法一致原则1、 在通常情况下，一个句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。即主语为单数 形式，谓语也为单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语也为复数形式。This exercise on English idioms is not easy. 这个英语短语练习不容易。2、 在“ there be结构中， “ be的单复数取决与后面主语的数 如：There has been little change in this city. 这个城市没有多少变化。3、 “ one o结构，位于用单数， “ two o

28、f纟吉”勾位于用复数One of the things I want to do is traveling.我想做的一件事是去旅行。Two of the boys have lost their way home.有两个男孩回家迷路了。3、 倒装句的主语在谓语之后，避免误用。Never before has she bee n to Paris!她以前从未去过巴黎。二、 概念一致1、 主语是抽象概念、短语或从句，谓语用单数形式。To tell lies is wrong. 说谎是不正确的。 （不定式做主语）Keeping the house is a tiring job. 管理家务是一件很劳

29、累的事。 （动名词做主语） How this happened is not clear to anyone.（ 从句做主语 ）、I 注意：（ 1） 用 what 或 which 引导的主语从句或简单句中的数的概念取决于后面的表语， 因为它们在逻辑上的意义是相同的。Which is your seat? 你的座位是哪一个？Which are your seats? 你们的座位是哪些？（ 2） 单个的分词作主语，不定式作主语，以及主语从句，谓语都用单数，若用连 接上述的相同两个成分，谓语才用复数。2、 两个或两个以上的主语用 and和both连接时，谓语用复数形式。3、 and连接的并列主语指同一人或同一样东西， and后