1、牛刀小试: 判断下列词语中哪些为不可数名词,标,哪些为可数名词标gold ring water rice hand flour computer meat cup tea bread soap wood soil desk cloth man2)常考不可数名词:音乐面包好天气,新闻信息好建议,工作时间赚money。判断下列句中划线部分的词哪一个正确。Sue was helpful. She gives us some useful advices./ adviceI didnt have time/ a time for breakfast this morning.We had good w
2、eather/ a good weather during our holiday.We had a bad news/ bad news to tell you.Its very difficult to find a job/ work at the moment.The guide gave us some information /an information about it.3)某些名词既可以作可数名词又可以作不可数名词,但意义不同。Time 可数为: 不可数为: fish 可数为: chicken 可数为: duck 可数为:room 可数为: paper 可数为:-What w
3、ould you like, madam?-Id like a fish and some chicken.其中这位女士想要买的是:_和_.3名词单数变复数1)规则变化:一般在名词后加s.如boyboys, penpens等。以s, x, sh, ch结尾的,在后面加es.如classclasses,但stomach的复数为stomachs.以辅音字母+y结尾的,y变为i,然后再加es.“元音字母+y结尾的,直接加s如babybabies. boyboys以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe改为v, 再加es. 如knife, half, leaf, wolf等。以o结尾的名词,有生命的后面加es,
4、无生命的后面直接加s.如kilokilos, photophotos, zoozoos, radioradios, pianopianos, videovideos.2).不规则变化男和女,”a“变”e“manmen, womanwomen, 鹅、牙、脚,”oo“变”ee“goose geese footfeet, toothteeth,但是roofroofs单复数形式相同如:鱼、鹿、羊单复同形名词fish fish sheepsheep, deerdeer,有些名词形式上是单数,实为复数意义,通常被称为复数名词,如:people, police等。常考不规则变化:childchildren
5、personpeople mousemice oxoxen某些须有两部分组成才完整的事物,常见的有Parents(父母) glasses(眼镜) scissors(剪刀) trousers(裤子)国家人单复数变化:中日不变英法变,其他s跟后面。JapaneseJapanese, ChineseChinese EnglishmanEnglishmen, FrenchmanFrenchmen, GermanGermans, AmericanAmericans由-man和-woman构成的合成词如:policemanpolicemen, EnglishmanEnglishmen,Englishwom
6、an-Englishwomen但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans.另外被man 或woman 修饰的名词变复数时,两个名词都要变。例:a man doctor two men doctors a woman teachersome women teachers由两个或多个词语合成的多字名词,常常只把中心名词变复数即可。如: apple treeapple trees数词+名词作定语时, 常采用数词+单数名词形式,如a two-week holiday,an 8-year old girl.另一种常见的形式有five minutes walk, two days leave等。
7、四 名词的所有格分 类情 况构 成 法举 例词尾加s构成所格的情况单数名词后加“s” Toms book 汤姆的书以s结尾的复数名词复数词尾加“”Teachers Day 教师节The students book学生们的课本不以s结尾的复数名词Womens Day 妇女节某物为两者共有后面的名词加“s”Lucy and Lilys bike露西和丽丽(共有)的(一辆)自行车两人各自拥有的东西两个名词都加“s”Lucys and Lilys bikes露西和丽丽(各自)的自行车有些表示时间距离、国家等名词也可加syesterdays lesson昨天的课程the clocks hands时钟的针
8、ten minutes walk十分钟的步行Chinas capital中国的首都在表示店铺或某人的加、无生命事物的名词名词所有格所修饰的名词常被省略go to the barbers 到理发店理发go to the tailors 到服装店做衣服at my grandmas 在祖母家有表示有生命名词的所有关系词前用o fthe son of the poor man那个穷人的儿子a friend of her mother她母亲的朋友表示无生命名词的所有关系the door of the room房间的门a picture of his brothers他弟弟的一张照片 Exercise:I
9、写出下列名词的复数形式。1.watch _ 11.strawberry _2.child _ 12.thief _3. photo _ 13.girl student_4.diary _ 14.man doctor_5.day_ 15.woman nurse_6.foot_ 16.pear tree_7.book_ 17. peach_8.dress _ 18. box_9.tooth_ 19. baby_10. deer_ 20. German_ II. 翻译下列词组。1.一些桃子 _ 10.我的自行车_2.五袋大米_ 11.教师节 _3.八只脚 _ 12.三八妇女节_4.二十颗牙齿_ 13
10、. 二张纸5.三瓶果汁 _ 14.四个男医生_6.四十个女警察_ 15.七颗梨树7.十二把小刀_ 16.一副世界地图_8.九个德国人_ 17.Helen的朋友_9.许多孩子 _ 18.双胞胎的妈妈_III. 按要求改写下列句子。1. There is an orange tree in the garden.(改为复数句)_2. She is a good teacher. (改为复数句)3. I have some interesting story books. (改为单数句)4. There are some women teachers over there. (改为单数句)_5. -
11、What is it? -Its a box. (改为复数句)IV. 单项选择。( )1.Mr Smith is _father. They are twin sisters.A. Mary s and Johns B. Marys and John C. Mary and Johns )2.She needs _.A. a glass water B. two glasses of water C. two glasses of waters )3.There are five_ in our school.A. woman teacher B woman teachers C. women
12、 teachers )4.There are many _ in the fridge.A. food B.bread C. vegetables )5.Im thirsty. I think Ill buy some_.A. water B. eggs C. cakes ) 6.John bought _ for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoe )7. -What would you like to have for lunch
13、, sir? -Id like_. !A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken )8. There are five _in our factory.A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers )9. The post office is a bit far from here. Its about_.A. thirty minutes walk B. thirty minutes walkC. thirty minutes walk D. thi
14、rty minutes walk ) 10. _ turn yellow in autumn.A. LeafB. LeavesC. LeaveD. Leafs ) 11. Will you please show me the way to the _ shop?A. shoeB. shoesC. shoesD. shoe )12. _ hard work it is!A. What aB. HowC. WhatD. How a )13. His family _ a happy one.A. beB. areC. isD. was ) 14. I met two _ in the stree
15、t yesterday morning.A. GermanB. AustralianC. AmericanD. Japanese( ) 15. My grandparents like _ very much, so they grow some in their _ garden every year.A.vegetable, vegetable B. vegetable, vegetablesB.C. vegetables, vegetablesD. vegetables, vegetable V.用所给单词的正确形式填空。1. How many_(sheep) are there on
16、the hill?2. There is some_(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle.5. There are five_(people ) in his family.6. Lets take_(photo), OK?7. I have lots of_(tomato) here.8. The_(leaf) on the tree turn yellow.9. Their_(dictionary) look new.11. T
17、here are many_(fox) in the picture.12.Different people may have different _(idea).13.Would you like some _(tomato)?14. Jim has some _(knife).15. The girl under the tree is a friend of _(Lucy).第二讲 冠词(Article,缩写art.)冠词(Article)是一种虚词,在句子中不重读,本身不能独立使用,只能放在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。冠词有两种,一种是不定冠词(Indefinite Articl
18、e),一种是定冠词(Definite Article)。此外也有些特定场合不用冠词,即通常所称的零冠词(Zero Article)。其中冠词简称art.一不定冠词:a和an1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前。a book . an egg .an apple a desk 2.不定冠词的基本用法是指某人或事物的某一种类。 She is a girl.她是女孩。This is a desk.这是一张书桌。3 泛指某人或某物,但又不具体说明何人何物。 I can see a kite.我能看到一个风筝。4表示“数量”,有“一,每一”的意思。 We have six
19、 classes a day . 我们一天上六节课。 5.在叙述中,常用不定冠词引出一个新词。 There is a map in Class Three. The map in on the wall of their clssroom. 三班有一张地图,这张地图在他们教室墙上。二定冠词:the1.含义:意义近似于this,that,these,those,但指示概念较弱,表特指。2.读音:定冠词the在辅音前读, 如:the floor, the table;the在元音前(即一般前面用an的词的首字母)之前发i:, 如:the old man,3.用法:(1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)事
20、物。 Give me the red book. (2) 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。 Where is the teacher? Open the door. (3) 复述上文提过的人或事物。 I have a beautiful wallet, but the wallet was stolen yesterday. (4) 世界上独一无二的事物等(月亮、地球、天空、宇宙) The sun rises in the east. (5)用在方位名词前 in the south, in the west ,in the north(6)用在序数词或形容词最高级前 He is the talle
21、st one in our class. (7)表示两者间“较的一个”时用定冠词 He is the taller of the two boys. (8)用在单数可数名词前表示一类人或事物。 The horse is a useful animal. (9)定冠词用在形容词前,表示一类人或东西。 The rich, the poor ,the wounded ,the deaf (10)用在姓氏的复数形式前表示一家人,或这一姓的夫妇二人。 The Johns are watching TV. (11)在乐器前加the the piano 三零冠词1.意义:零冠词即在名词前不适用定冠词the的
22、各种情况2.用法:1.在两节(季节,节日),星期,年月日前,不加冠词。in summer在夏天 on Friday在周五 in2012在2012年 in October在十月2.在运动、学科、三餐前,不加冠词。play basketball打篮球 be good at math擅长数学 have breakfast吃早餐3.在复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指时,不加冠词。We are students。4.在名词前有限定词时,不在加冠词。He is my brother。5.在有些词组中,常不用冠词。on foot 步行 by car乘车 go to school去上学 go to work去上班
23、第三讲 代词(Pronoun,缩写pron.)定义及分类代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词按其意义、特征,及在句中的作用主要分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词。一、人称代词该类代词指人称和事物,但不说出他们的名字,所以叫做人称代词人称单数复数主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称you第三人称hehimtheythemsheherit人称代词主格:作主语,表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。I am a teacher.You are student.He is a student, too.We/You/They are students.人称代词宾格作宾语,表示动作行为的对象。Give it to me.Lets go (lets =let us)主格和宾格的用法主语用主格,动介后宾格主格用作句子的 语;宾格用作句子的 语;用于 词和 词后;Our English teacher is a woman. all like very much.Give (I) a han
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