阅读理解猜技巧Word文件下载.docx

1、在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的位置情况有三种：主题句在段首或篇首主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍，其后的句子则是论证性细节。一般新闻报道、说明文, 议论文、科技文献等大都采用这种格式，即先总述，后分述的叙事方法。 例文1： All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same k

2、ind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain（食物链）. Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears.例文2：People have different tastes in food. Some feel

3、 that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-fo

4、ods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. 主题句在段末或篇末主题句也会出现在段尾，即作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论 - 段落的主题。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的归纳总结或者所得出的结论。因此，在阅读这种文章时，要注意表述细节的句子通常在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。If you buy some well-made clothes, you can save money because they can last longer. They look good even af

5、ter they have been washed many times. Sometimes some clothes cost more money, but it does not mean that they are always better made, or they always fit better. In other words, some less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells

6、them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. 主题句在段落中间当主题句被安排在段中间时, 通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.例文：Nothing i

7、s as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper also needs o

8、ne after the light of the campfire has been out.无主题句有时，一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。这时我们应该怎样来确定文章的主题或中心意思呢？其实这也不难。我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。Killer bees started in Brazil 1957. A scientist in Sao Paulo wanted bees to make more honey（蜂蜜）. So he put forty-six African

9、 bees with some Brazilian bees. The bees bred（繁殖） and made a new kind of bees. But the new bees were a mistake. They didnt want to make more honey. They wanted to attack. Then, by accident, twenty-six African bees escaped and bred with the Brazilian bees outside.Scientists could not control（控制） the

10、problem. The bees increased fast. They went from Brazil to Venezuela. Then they went to Central America. Now they are in North America. They travel about 390 miles a year. Each group of bees grows four times a year. This means one million new groups every five years. Why are people afraid of killer

11、bees? People are afraid for two reasons. First, the bees sting（叮） many more times than usual bees. Killer bees can sting sixty times a minute nonstop for two hours. Second, killer bees attack in groups. Four hundred bee stings can kill a person.Already several hundred people are dead. Now killer bee

12、s are in Texas. In a few years they will reach all over the United States. People can do nothing but wait.找出主题句后，再依据主题句定短文的中心 任意一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心展开并且由段落组成的；段落之间有着内在的紧密联系，而表达段落主题的句子叫主题句，通常置于段落的开头，有时在段落末尾和中间；其它的句子是用来说明和阐述主题句的；若把一个个主题句加以整理，你能悟出其中心思想，同时还可以回避、排除个别生词、难句（等困难信号）所带来的干扰，但也有一些文章的中心思想常贯穿在全文中，因而要综观全

13、文，对全文有一个透彻的理解才行。例如：例题：My friend Matt and I arrived at the Activity Centre on Friday evening. The accommodation wasnt wonderful, but we had everything we needed （beds, blankets, food）, and we were pleased to be out of the city and in the fresh air. On Saturday morning we met the other ten members of

14、our group. Cameron had come along with two friends, Kevin and Simon, while sisters Carole and Lynn had come with Amanda. There were some other members I didnt know. We had come from different places and none of us knew the area. We knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors, but none of us was

15、 sure exactly how. Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing and then we changed at lunchtime. Matt and I went to the caves （岩洞） first. Climbing out was harder than going in, but after a good deal of pushing, we were out at last. Though we were covered with mud, we were

16、 pleased and excited by what wed done. This passage mainly talks about _. A. the writers friends at the Activity Center B. the writers experience at the Activity Center C. outdoor sports at the Activity Center D. how to go rock-climbing and caving 在解主题大意时，以下方法可供参考。1） 认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子。2） 文章的主题作者往往

17、有意识地反复论述。抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。If you are a recent social science graduate who has had to listen to jokes about unemployment from your computer major classmates, you may have had the last laugh. There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tech Information Age demands pe

18、ople who are flexible （灵活的） and who have good communication skills. There are many social science majors in large companies who fill important positions. For example, a number of research studies found that social science majors had achieved greater managerial success than those who had technical tr

19、aining or pre-professional courses. Studies show that social science majors are most suited for change, which is the leading feature （特点） of the kind of high speed, high-pressure, high-tech world we now live in. Social science majors are not only experiencing success in their long-term company jobs,

20、 but they are also finding jobs more easily. A study showed that many companies had filled a large percentage of their entry-level positions with social science graduates. The study also showed that the most sought-after quality in a person who was looking for a job was communication skills, noted a

21、s very important by 92 percent of the companies. Social science majors have these skills, often without knowing how important they are. It is probably due to these skills that they have been offered a wide variety of positions. Finally, although some social science majors may still find it more diff

22、icult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report that they don t regret their choice of study. 3）.文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。On the whole, in short, in a word, in brief, to sum up, to conclude therefore I agree with the opinion thatGiven all these points a

23、bove, I would support the idea that For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer 掌握了找主题句的方法后，就可以依据主题句归纳主题。但归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误，需要同学们注意。1） 以偏概全。即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题。2） 过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。3） 把观点强加给作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。2 掌握具体事实和重要细节：做细节事实题的方法在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。细节理解题就是我们

24、常见的wh-题，它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。做此类题的方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读，排除干扰项，找出正确答案。2.1）.是非题出题形式：a.三正一误： Which of the following is true except? Which of the following is mentioned exceptb.三误一正： Which of the following is tru

25、e? 这种做题方法主要与三正一误的下列问法相联系： Which of the following is not mentioned? 这种问题的正确选项所包含的信息通常连续出现在同一段，而且往往无列举标志词，如first，second，third等。做题时只需阅读有关段落，根据一个选项中的关键词在其前后找其他两个正确先项，剩下一个原文中未提到的，为正确答案。2.2） 例证题对举例的考查为高考阅读理解的常见考点之一，这类题的基本结构为:The author provides in line（或Paragraph）an example in order to意思是问文中举出某现象或例子的目的。文章

26、中举出一些例子无非是为了说明一定的道理。关键在于这个例子在原文出现的位置，但不管如何，这个例子之前或之后不远处通常都有一句总结说明性的话，这句话就是答案，即举例的目的。如果例子与全文主题有关，则例证主题，答案为主题句。如果例子与段落主题有关，就例证段落主题，则答案为段落主题句；此外，答案为例子前后总结说明性的话。2.3）年代与数字：这个考点有几种出题方式，但不管以何种形式出现，只要题干问年代与数字，答案就对应于文章中的年代与数字。2.4）比较：比较考点的表现形式主要有：a.比较级与含有比较意义的词汇手段和句型结构； b.表示绝对意义的字眼：first（第一），least（最不），most（最）

27、等； c.表示惟一性的词汇：only, unique等；阅读最好能圈出表示最高级、惟一性和绝对意义的词汇，便于做题时回原文定位。2.5）原因：这种题的答案在原文通常有一些表示因果关系的词汇手段提示：result, reason;result in（结果），result from（由于， baseon（以为基础），be due to （由于）；because, for, why;as a result, consequently等。阅读时对这些提示词应该予以注意。原文相关句出现的格式都是先说原因，后说结果，而在题干中通常给出结果，就其原因提问。Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian,

28、 host of the well received TV programme “Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday. Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was

29、to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat Hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station. “Its r

30、eally a hard job for me. I wont enter for such competition any more. Anyhow, I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title. This time, in Shanghai, Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience, said Luo Lin with a sweet smile. Wh

31、ich of the following is NOT true?A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai. B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991. D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia. 解析： A、C 和D都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文列的是： taken to Hong Kong可判断不是moved to Hong Kong with her parents，因此选B。3做推理判断题的方法所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。因此，解推断题时应注意： 不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点，要严格按照阅读