专八翻译练习docWord文件下载.docx

1、造饮辄尽，期在必醉; 既醉而退，曾不吝请去留。环睹萧然，不蔽风日。短褐穿结，箪瓢屡牢。 晏如也。常著文章自娱。颇示己志。忘怀得失，以此自终。陶潜一陶 渊明集Mr. Five WillowsNo one knew where this gentleman came from and what his name was There were five willows by his house; therefore he was named Mr. Five Willows He was quiet and reserved, not envious of high position or grea

2、t wea 1th. He enjoyed reading, but never tried hard to look for deeper meanings Each time when he caught the point in a book, he wou 1 d be in such high spirits that he would simply forget to have dinner He was very fond of liquor but too poor to drink often. His old friends knew it, so they often i

3、nvited him to have wine He always drank to the bottom and got drunk They he took his leave, and nobody minded.For his who1e life, he dwelled in a humble house, had seanty clothing, and always lacked food, but he lived in peace Sometimes he entertained himself by writing to show his ideals, and he ne

4、ver cared for gain or loss苛政猛于虎（礼记工员 檀弓） 孔子过泰山侧，有妇人哭于墓者而哀。夫子式而听之。使子路问之口:“子之哭也，壹似重有忧者？而曰：“然。昔者吾舅死于虎，吾夫又死焉，今吾子又死焉。”夫子曰:“何为不去也？ ” H： “无苛政。”夫子曰：“小子识之，苛政猛于虎 也。”白话翻译孔子有一次乘车经过泰山旁边，在那边有一位妇女在坟前哭而口哭得很 悲恸。孔了把手扶在车前横木上听她哭，派了路去问她说：“您的哭声 听起来实在像有好几件伤心的事似的。那个女人就说：“您的话说对了。从前我的公公死在老虎口中（被老虎 咬死了），后來我的丈夫又死在老虎口中；现在我的儿子又死在

5、老虎口 中了。”孔子说：“为什么不离开这儿呢？ ”女人说：“这儿没有暴虐 的政治。“弟子们记住这句话，暴虐的政治比老虎更凶猛可 怕。THAN A TTGEROnce when Confucius was passing near the foot of Mount Tai in a chariot, there was a married woman weeping at a grave mound, and dolorously too. Confucius politely rested his hands on the front rail of the chariot and list

6、ened to her weeping He sent his disciple Zilu, to search for inquiry by saying:” From the sound of your weeping, it seems that you indeed have many troubles”Then the woman said:” Tt is true My father-in-law died in a tiger s jaw; my husba.nd also died there Now, my son has also died there ” Confuciu

7、s said, Why do not you leave this place? The woman said: Here there is no harsh and oppressive government ” Confucius said, ” Young men, take note of this: a tyrannic government is more ferocious and fearsome than even a tiger. ”矛盾（韩非子难一）楚人有卖盾与矛者，誉ZEI： “吾盾之坚，物莫能陷Z。”以誉其矛 曰：“吾矛之利，于物无不陷也。”或曰：“以子之矛陷子之盾，

8、何如？ ” 其人弗能应也。夫不可陷之盾与无不陷之矛不可同世而立。冇个卖盾和矛的楚国人，夸他的盾说：“我的盾坚固得没冇一个东四 刺得破啊。”又夸他的矛说：“我的矛锋利得没有一个东西刺不破啊。” 有人说：“用您的孑来刺您的盾，会怎么样？ ”那个人可就回答不出来 啦。刺不破的盾和什么东西都刺得破的矛不可能同时存在。SPEARS AND SHIELDSThere was a man of the st ate of Chu who sold shields and spears.He bragged about his shields say in g: My shields are so hard

9、that nothing can pierce through them ” Ho also bragged about his spears saying: ” My spears are so sharp that there is nothing they cannot pierce through ” Someone said:” What wou1d happen if people were to use your spears to pierce through your shields? That person could not answer. Now, shields th

10、at cannot be pierced through and spears that can pierced through anything cannot exist at the sane time.塞翁失马（淮南子人间）近塞上Z人有善术者，马无故亡而入胡，人皆吊之。其父F1： “此何 遽不能为福乎？ ”居数月，其马将胡骏马而，人皆贺之。其父曰？ “此 何遽不能为祸平？家富良马，其子好骑，堕而折其骨，人皆吊之。其 父曰：“此何遽不能为福乎？ ”居一年，胡人大举入塞，丁壮者引弦而 战。近塞之人，死者十九，此（子）独以跛故，父子相保。故福之为祸, 祸Z为福，化不可极，深不可测也。靠近边界上

11、的人里有个很会占卜的人，他的马无缘无故地逃跑进入胡 人的领地去了，别人都来慰问他。他的父亲说：“这件事怎么就不能变 成福呢？ ”过了儿个月，他的马带着胡人的好马回来了，别人来向他道 贺。“这件事怎么就不能变成灾祸呢？ ”家里有很多马， 他的儿子喜欢骑马，从马上摔下来，摔断了他的胯骨，别人者来慰问他。 他的父亲说：“这件事怎么说不能变成福呢？过了一年，胡人大规模 地侵入边界，成年的男人都拿起弓来去打仗。靠近边界上的人，死掉的 有十分之九，只有这个摔断胯骨的儿子因为腐了的缘故，父亲跟儿子能 平安地生活在一块儿。所以福变成祸，祸变成福，变化得没法子研究到 底，深得没法子测量啊。THE OLD MAN

12、 AT THE FRONTIER LOSES HIS HORSEAmong the people near the frontier, there was one skilled at prognostication For no reason, his horse ran off into the territory of the barbarians; everyone consoled him. His father said: As for this, why can, t it become good fortune? After several months, his horse

13、returncd leading some good barbarian horses: every one congratulated him His father said, ” As for this, why can, t it turn out to be a cause of misfortune? Since there were many good horses in the household, his son became fond of riding, fell off a horse, and broke his thigh bone; everyone console

14、d the son s father. His father said, Perhaps this wi11 soon turn out to be a blessing!” After a year, the barbarians entered the frontier in great numbers All the adult males picked up their bows to go fight Of the people near the frontier, nine out of ten died Only because of this man s son, s lame

15、ness, could father and son both be safe secure Thus, as to how fortune becomes misfortunc and misfortunc becomes fortune, this transformation cannot be utterly known; its depth cannot be fathomed守株待兔（韩非子五蠢）宋人有耕者，出中有株，兔走触株，折颈而死。因释其耒而守株，冀复 得兔。兔不可复得，而身为宋国笑。冇个耕田的宋国人，在田里冇截树樁子，一条兔子跑过来，碰到树樁 子，碰断了脖子就死了。耕田的人

16、于是就放下他的犁去守着树樁子，希 望再得到兔子。兔子他再也得不到，他自己反倒被宋国人嘲笑了。 WAITING FOR A HARE AT THE TREE STUMPThere was a person in the state of Song who tilled the land; in his field was a tree stump A hare ran by, dashed into the tree stump, broke its neck, and then died. The person tilling the field these upon put down his

17、 plough in order to watch the tree stump, hoping to get another hare He could not get a hare again; in stead he was laughed at by the people of Song.損苗助长宋人冇闵其苗之不长而抿之者。芒芒然归，谓其人曰：“今日病矣！予助苗长矣！ ”其子趋而往视之，苗则槁矣。天下之不助苗长者寡矣。以为无益而舍之者，不耘苗者也；助之长者，擅苗者也。非徒无益，而又害白话翻译：有个担心他的苗长不大就去把苗拔高一点的宋国人，他很累地回家，告诉他家里的人说：“今天我可累坏啦

18、！我刚才帮助苗长高了！ ”他的儿子跑著到田里去看苗，苗原来都已经枯了。天下不帮助苗长的人少得很啊。认为没有好处就放ABC它的人是不替苗 除掉野草的人；帮助苗长高的人是把苗拔高一点儿的人。擅苗这种做法 不仅没有好处，反而还害了它。PULING UP THE SPROUTSThere was a person from the state of Song who was concerned thathis sprouts wou 1 d not grow tai 1 and who therefore pulled them up a bit He returnod home looking ex

19、hausted and spoke to the people in his family saying: n Today 1 am tired out! 1 have just helped the sprouts grow taller ” His son rushed out and went to the fields to look at the sprouts; it turned out that the sprouts had al 1 wi theredThe people in the world who do not help their sprouts grow are

20、 few in deed! The people who think there is no advantage in nurturing them are the people who abandon Ihem; these are the people who do not weed their sprouts The people who want to help their sprouts grow arc the people who pull them up a bit The method of pulling them up a bit not only has no bene

21、fit, but on the contrary also injures them.晏子与楚王论盗晏子将使楚。楚王闻之，谓左右曰：“晏婴齐之习辞者也。今方来, 吾欲辱之，何以也？ ”左右对曰：“为其来也，臣请缚一人，过王而行。王曰：何为者也？对曰：齐人也。 王曰：“何坐？ ”曰：坐盗。”晏子至，楚王赐晏子洒。洒酣，吏 二人缚一人旨王。“缚者曷为者也？ ”对曰：“齐人也，坐盗。” 王视晏子曰：“齐人固善盗乎？ ”晏子避席对曰：“婴闻之，橘生于淮 南则为橘；生于淮北则为枳。叶徒相似，其味实不同。所以然者何？水 土异也。今民生长于齐不盗，入楚则盗，得无楚之水土使民善盗耶？ ” 白话翻译晏子将要出使

22、到楚国。楚王听到这个消息，告诉待从们说：“晏婴是齐国娴熟辞令的人。现在他快要来了，我想要羞辱他，我应该用什么法子呢？ ” 待从回答说：“当他来的时候啊，请大王让我捆绑一个人，从您面前走 过。您说：这个人是干什么的啊？我回答说：这个人是齐国人。 您说：他犯了会么罪？我说他犯了偷东事的罪。”晏子到了， 楚王摆洒席招待晏子，在他们喝洒喝到很高兴的时候，两个小官儿捆着 一个人到楚王面前来了。王说：“捆着的人是干什么的人啊？ ”两个小 官儿回答说：“这个人齐国人，他犯了偷东西的罪。”楚王看着晏子说:“齐国人木來就很善于偷东西吗？ ”晏子离开了座位回答说：“我听 说，橘子牛长在淮河以南，就橘子；牛长在淮河

23、以北，就变成了枳子了。 两者的叶子白白相像，这两种水果的味道实在不同。橘子变成了枳子缘 故是什么？这是因为淮南淮北的水土不同的缘故啊。现在人民生长在齐 国不偷东西，到了塑国可就偷东西，莫非是塑国的水土使人民特别会 偷东西吗？YANZI DISCUSSES THIEVING WITH THE KING OF CHUYanzi, Prime Ministcr of the State of Qi, was quite knowlodgeable Once, he was sent on a diplomatic mission to the State of Chu Hearing the new

24、s（absolute structure）, the king of Chu spoke to his retainers “ Yan Ying is a man of Qi gifted （or attributive clause）with a silver tongue Now he is about to come to Chu, I want to humil iate him; what means should T employ to do this?One of his attendants responded by saying: “ When he comes, let y

25、our majesty have me tie up a man and walk past your majesty Your majesty will say: “ What did this man do? I will respond:? This man is a man of Qi. Your majesty will say: “ What crime is he being punished for? T will respond: He is being punished for the crime of theft. ” Yanzi arrived The king of

26、Chu laid out a banquet to entertain him When they become pleasantly inebriated, two minor officials tied up a man and came before the king The king said: What did the bound man do?” The two minor officials said: This man is a man of the state of Qi who is being punished for the crime of robbery. ” T

27、he king of Chu, looking atYanzi, said: ” Have the people of the st ate of Qi always excelled at robbery? Yanzi left his seat and responded saying: v I have heard that when tangerine trees grow south of the Huai River, then they bear tangerines; if they grow north of the Huai River, then they will be

28、ar citrons The leaves are similar to no avail, for the taste is really not the same at all. Why is it so? This is because the soil and water are different Now if people who grow up in the state of Qi do not rob, yet when they enter the state of Chu, they rob, could it not be that it is the soil and water of the state of Chu that makes them excel at robbery?v画蛇添足（战国策齐策）楚有祠者，赐其舍人卮酒。舍人相谓口： “数人饮之，不足；一人饮之, 有余。请画地为蛇，先成者饮酒。” 一人蛇先成。引酒且饮，乃左手持 卮，右手画蛇曰：“吾能为之足。”未成，一人之蛇成。夺其卮