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1、peer pressureoften emerges asA a supplement to the social cure （根据Tina Rosenberg）B a stimulus to group dynamics （逻辑错误）C an obstacle to school progress 无中生有D a cause of undesirable behaviors2-Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South

2、 Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.Rosenberg是普利策奖获得者，他提供了许多社会治疗的例子：在南卡罗莱纳州， 一个州资助的反对抽烟的项目叫做“向烟雾宣战

3、”就旨在控制好烟草销售。在南非，预防HIV，即众所周知的“热爱生命”活动要求年轻人要安全性生活。3-The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of

4、psychology. “Dare to be different, please dont smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagersteenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying p

5、eer pressure.这个观点似乎很有希望，而且Rosenberg是个敏锐的观察家。她对于许多公共健康活动缺点的批评是中肯的：他们没能动员同辈压力来建立健康的习惯，他们展示的是对心理学的严重误解。一个旨在在青少年中禁烟的广告牌写着：“就敢与众不同，请勿吸烟！” 青少年最渴望的是融入群体。Rosenberg认为，公共健康建议应该效仿广告商，广告商懂得如何应用同辈压力。这种说法很令人信服。take a page from someones bookvt. Slang仿效；超越22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates shouldA recruit pr

6、ofessional advertisers （招聘一词无中生有）B learn from advertisers experience（理解take a page from）C stay away from commercial advertisers （正反）D recognize the limitations of advertisements （正反）4-But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive.Join the Clubis filled with too mu

7、ch irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as its presented here is that it doesnt work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence t

8、hat the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.但对于社会治疗的广泛效果，Rosenberg就没有那么有说服力了。加入俱乐部一书写了太多无关细节，没有认真探讨社会和生物因素，这些因素能使同辈压力变得很有影响力。这里说的社会治疗的明显缺点是它有效期不长。一旦资金来源消失，那么“向烟雾宣战”的活动就会失败。“热爱生命”活动能产生持久的影响这种说法的证据不足。23. In the authors view, Rosenbergs book fails toA adequately probe social

9、and biological factors（probe探索=exploration）B effectively evade the flaws of the social cure （正反）C illustrate the functions of state funding （偏）D produce a long-lasting social effect （偷换主语，主语是social cure）5-Theres no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body

10、 of research shows that positive health habitsas well as negative onesspread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.毫无疑问，我们的同龄人会对我们的行为产生巨大影响。研究显示，积极的健康习惯，以及负面的习惯，会通过社会交流在朋友之间传播。这是同辈压力的一种微妙的形

11、式：我们会无意识模仿我们每天看到的行为。24. Paragraph 5 shows that our imitation of behaviorsA is harmful to our networks of friendsB will mislead behavioral studiesC occurs without our realizing it（unconsciously = without realizing it）D can producenegativehealth habits 插入成分6- Far less certain, however, is how successf

12、ully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. Its like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And thats the problem with a social cure engi

13、neered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.但是，很难确定的是，专家和官员能否成功选择我们的同辈，控制好他们的行为能在道德的道路上发展。这就像老师，通过让问题学生和好学生坐在一起的方法，让后排学生不要凑在一起胡闹。这种方法从来就没有什么收效。这就是从外界设计出的社会治疗会产生问题所在：在真实的社会里，正如在学校，我们坚持会选择自己的朋友。25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the e

14、ffect of peer pressure isA harmfulB desirableC profoundD questionable（从456段）2Vermont Yankee plants owner must honor its own promises核电站必须守信EDITORIAL | Globe EditorialApril 24, 2011Text 21-A deal is a dealexcept, apparently, when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New Englan

15、d, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.说好的是不能改变的! 除非Entergy进行的交易。这个公司是新英格兰地区主要的能源提供商，该公司引起了佛蒙特州人们的义愤，因为上周它宣称它不想遵守严格的核能规定。renege rini:gv.背信，违约26. The phrase “reneging on”（Line 3.para.

16、1） is closest in meaning toA condemning. 谴责； B reaffirming. 再确定 正反C dishonoring.（侮辱，拒绝承兑）D securing. 正反2- Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not: challenge the constitutionality of Vermonts rulesin federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermo

17、nt Yankee nuclear power plant running. Its a stunning move.相反，该公司一直履行了它早先的承诺过不做的事情：即它不会因为想保持其Vermont Yankee核电站持续经营，而要在联邦法院挑战该州相关规定的合法性（宪法）。现在这个做法让人震惊。背景：安特吉公司（NYSE:ETR）是一家电力控股公司，也是美国最大的核电公司之一，它为阿肯色州、路易斯安那、密西西比和德克萨斯州的250万用户供电，同时还为路易斯安那州的24万用户供应天然气。3-The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when th

18、e corporation bought Vermonts only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the p

19、lants license be subject to Vermont legislatures approval. Then, too, the company went along.reactor rikt n.反应堆这个冲突始于2002，当时该公司购买了佛蒙特州唯一一家核电站，其实是一个位于Vernon的破旧反应堆。该交易为了获得州政府的批准，该公司同意一个前提条件：即同意在2012年后征求州政府官员的同意继续经营。2006年，州政府又提出，该核电站能否延期经营要听从佛蒙特州立法机关的批准。当时，该公司也无异议。27. By entering into the 2002 agreemen

20、t, Entergy intended toA obtain protection from Vermont regulators. （protection误解原文，无中生有）B seek favor from the federal legislature. （文中没有说该公司一开始就预谋好要最终得到联邦法律支持）C acquire an extension of its business license .（ 通过 4段第一句话，似乎也不是他的目的）D get permission to purchase a power plant.（3段似乎太直接，但可以是答案，因为文中就写了appro

21、val for the sale这句话，所以我偏向D对）4-Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didnt foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious

22、 questions about both Vermont Yankees safety andEntergys managementespecially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergys behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Entergy 从来没有打算要遵守这些承诺，也根本没有想过将来会发生什么。一系列的事件，包括2007年冷却塔的部分崩

23、溃，以及地下管道系统泄露的发现，这些事使得人们严重怀疑Vermont Yankee电站的安全问题和Entergy的管理-尤其在该公司对其管道问题所做的误导性言论之后。佛蒙特州参议院对于Entergy的行为表示震怒，去年以26比4的投票反对其延期经营。28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with itsA managerial practices.B technical innovativeness. （创新无中生有）C financial goals.（无中生有）D business vision （无中生有

24、）5-Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory

25、 authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say thatVermontcasewill offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about thepatchwork regulationsthat could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would

26、 be beside the point.现在该公司突然宣称2002年的协定是无效的，因为有2006年的立法以及只有联邦政府拥有核电站管理权。该案的法律问题是模糊的：虽然最高法院判决过，各州的确有权管理核电站，但法学家说佛蒙特案为这种核电站究竟能延期多久设定了先例。显然，如果每个州设立自己的法规，那么关注一下各州拼凑的临时规定是必要的。但，要是Entergy遵守诺言，这个讨论就无关紧要了。29. In the authors view, the Vermont case will testA Entergys capacity to fulfill all its promises. 明显错B

27、 the nature of statespatchwork regulations. （我猜B对）C the federal authority over nuclear issues.D the limits of states power over nuclear issues.这道题比较难，我看不懂上下文，因为没有法律常识，也不懂得precedent-setting 和patchwork regulations的内涵，所以只能猜，大家原谅我把，因为根据关键词含金量高的原则猜B。不好意思!#$%&*（6-The company seems to have concluded that i

28、ts reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has nothing left to lose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a public trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission （NRC） reviews the companys application, it should keep in mind what promises from