春季课程高一英语第12讲 人教版必修四 Unit 1 Women of achievement 语法与写作教案文档格式.docx

1、一、复习预习引导学生复习上节课所学的知识点（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并分析和扩展导入本节课所学。二、课堂导入T：请大家观察下面几个句子并说出其含义概念引入：I am a teacher She often does her homework in the morning. There is only one box on the table.There are 50 students in our class.三、知识讲解知识点1 主谓一致1. 语法形式一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2. 意义一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。3. 就

2、近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。一般来说，不可数名词与可数名词单数用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定，则要看句子的意思。多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思，及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。比如:He is a teacher. I am a student.知识点2 语法一致【考查点1】单数主语，不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数A student is studying English. Serving the people is my gre

3、at happiness. When we deliver the goods hasnt been decided. When and where we will go hasn但当what引导的句子做主语，若后面是 “be +名词”的结构时，谓语随名词变化。 What you did is right. What you need are these dictionaries.【考查点2】复数名词、代词作主语，谓语动词一般用复数形式 All the students _clever. （are） They _English very much. （like）【考查点3】用and或botha

4、nd 连接的单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语及主语从句作主语谓语动词用复数形式。 Both my father and my mother _farmers. （are）What I think and what I do _been fairly in disagreement. （have）注意:（1）当and连接的并列单数名词前有each，every, no或者many a 等限定词时，谓语动词通常用单数。 Each student and each teacher _been given a task. （has） Every flower and every bush _t

5、o be cut down. （is）（2）当主语由and连结时，如果表示同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，此时and后面的名词无冠词。 The worker and writer _（be） from Wuhan. （is） The worker and the writer _（be） from Beijing. （are）【考查点4】不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语，谓语动词用单数形式; Some

6、thing _ （has / have） gone wrong with my watch. （has） Anybody who _ （ break / breaks） the rule will be punished. （breaks）【考查点5】 each of/either of./one of谓语动词用单数.none of/neither of可单可复，根据说话人的意思决定；*但代表不可数名词时，用单数 1） Each of the students _a book.（has） 2） None of us _perfect. （are，is） 3） Neither of them _

7、the answer.（know/knows） 4） None of this _me. （worries） None of this money _mine. （is） *neither作形容词时与单数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。Neither statement _true. （was）【考查点6】“many a +单数名词 more than one+单数名词 one and a half +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数1.） many a foreigner_ been to the Great Wall. （has）2.）More than one student_ turned

8、up at the meeting. （was）3.） One and a half bananas _eaten by the boy. （was）【考查点7】 Some /a lot of /half of./the rest of./part of/plenty of/分数（%）+ofthe majority of + 名词”等作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。 Two-thirds of the students _from countryside. （come） Ninety percent of the work _ been done. （has）【考

9、查点8】定语从句中的主谓一致。 （1）与先行词一致。定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that, which 时，从句谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。 I, who _your teacher, will share happiness and sorrow with you.（am）（2） which/as代替一句话内容,谓语动词用单数 As _known, I am beautiful. （is） （3） one of +复数名词 + 定语从句,从句中的谓语用复数形式; the only/exact one of+复数名词 + 定语从句,从句中的谓语用单数形式。 Tom is one of t

10、he students who_ good at playing football. （are） Tom is the only one of the students who_ good at playing football. （is）知识点3 意义一致【考查点1】集体名词family, audience, crew, club, class, company, committee, party, crowd group, army, government, the public等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式；如果指集体中的各个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。 The grou

11、p _ made up of nine students. （is） The group_ dancing happily. （are）注意1：集合名词cattle, clothes, people, the police表示复数意义谓语动词永远复数.people 民族（可数名词，peoples） The Chinese people _a brave people （is） Chinese people_ making our country richer and richer. （are） 2. Population The population of China _over 1.3 bi

12、llion and 80% of the population_ farmers （is, are）【考查点2】表示时间、距离、金钱，度量衡等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词则用单数形式Two years _ passed since I left Ningbo（has）One million dollars _ a great sum of money. （is）【考查点3】有些名词如：fish, deer, sheep, means, works, species, 等用作单数或复数均可，谓语动词随其含义而定。A. This glass works _built in 1978

13、. （is）B. Two steel works_ east of the city. （are）C. Every means_ been tried. （has）D. Many species _ died out. （have）【考查点4】学科名词，或以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时，如physics, mathematics, mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics. statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等, 谓语动词通常用作单数。 Physics _a fundamental subject i

14、n science. （is）【考查点5】成双成对出现的复数名词如glasses, shoes, trousers, pants, gloves, socks, slippers, scissors等作主语时，谓语通常用复数，*但如果前有a/the pair of, a/the suit of等词语修饰时，谓语动词与pair, suit等一致，用单数 1） My trousers _very nice. （are） 2）A pair of shoes_under the bed. （is）【考查点6】主语是疑问代词who, what, which,不定代词all, more, most, an

15、y, none等以及名词half, part, the rest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。 1.）Which _more valuable, health or wealth? （is） 2.）Which_ prettier, these or those? （are） 3.） we had some paper, but the rest _put back. （was）【考查点7】theadj.作主语,theadj.,表示一类人，谓语动词用复数，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor等,the+ adj.,表示

16、某个人或一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数，如the beautiful, the good等The old _ taken good care of in our society. （are）The rich _ for the decision but the poor _against it. （was）The wounded _ a young boy. （was）The beautiful _not always the same as the good. （is）【考查点8】a/this/that + kind of +名词（单数或复数）作主语时，谓语动词用单数；如果主语是kinds（

17、types） of+名词或复数名词of+ a （ this, that）kind时，谓语动词用复数形式。即 kind（s） of +n.,谓语与kind一致 n+ of this kind 谓语与名词一致1. The kind of apples _ well.（sell） （sells）2. Men of this kind _ dangerous . （are）注意 : 由kind, form, type, species, series 等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数，而不是他们后面所跟的名词3. This new type of machine_ now on show.

18、 （is）4. Some new forms of art _discussed at the meeting. （were）【考查点9】主语是a large/small quantity of +名词（可数或不可数）谓语动词用单数；如果是“large （great） quantifies of +名词（可数或不可数）”时，谓语动词要用复数。也就是说谓语动词随quantity单复数而定There _a large quantity of milk/apples on the farm （is） Large quantities of water /coal/bricks _needed her

19、e （are）【考查点10】a number of （a group of , a variety of）+名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数形式；The number of（the variety of.） +名词复数谓语动词用单数形式。A number of workers _out of work. （are）The number of the students in our school _eight thousand. （is）【考查点11】两数相减或相除,谓语动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。 Sixty minus seventeen _forty-three

20、. （leaves） Six and eight _fourteen. （makes/make）【考查点12】若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 “The Arabian Nights”_ an interesting story-book. （is） The United states _on the south of Canada. （is）知识点4 就近一致谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。【考查点1】由or, nor, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also, not.but.连接的并

21、列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理。1.You or she _good at English. （is）2._either you or he wrong? （Are）【考查点2】以here, there开头的句子，谓语动词的单复数形式看后面的主语而定，如果主语不止一个，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。 Here _some bread. （is）There _a pen and three pencils on the desk. （is）【考查点3】在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致 Such _the result （is） Such _the facts （a

22、re） On the wall _many pictures （are）知识点5随前原则【考查点】当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with ,like, rather than, together with , but , except, besides, ,including等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。1. The teacher with two students _ at the meeting . （was / were）2.E-mail, as well as the te

23、lephones, _ an important part in daily communication.A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 知识点6 写作知道写人物简介（一）人物简介的写作步骤；1）age, sex, birth-place, background2）appearance ,character3）education4）big events in his or her life （ in order of time ）5）evaluation（二）语法，句法高分tips1、介绍人物特征时，多使用一般现在时。若描

24、述人物具体的过去行为，则使用一般过去时。2、积累常用的人物外貌描写和性格描写的语汇。A. 概况 （尽量用同位语结构，使文章简洁，通顺） 如；1） Born in Poland on Nov. 7 ，1867, Madam Curie is a great scientist.2） Abraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky on February 12th, 1809. 3） Born of a poor clerks family, Charles Dickens, a great novelist, had

25、 little schooling.4） Sun Showier, a world champion in diving, is a boy of 14 from Guangdong. B外貌,性格 （巧用with做定语） 如；1） He is near-sighted /far-sighted guy with a pair of glasses on his nose. 2） She is good-looking /ordinary-looking/funny-looking with long beautiful hair.3） He is a tall and thin guy wi

26、th thick eyebrows, looking very handsome.4） Born in Germany, Einstein is a great scientist with an extraordinary imagination. 还可使用以下句型结构，丰富人物形象。1） “so + adj. /adv. + that”，例：Mary is so diligent that she always comes first in her study.2） adj. +enough to do sth.，例：Bob was confident enough to solve al

27、l the problems by himself.3） “a person with + n.”，例：John, a person with imagination, is able to make up many new stories.常用描写人物的形容词: determined （有毅力的）competent 有能力的warm - hearted （热心肠的easy - going （温和宽容的）energetic（精力充沛）generous（慷慨的）intelligent（精明的）ambitious（雄心的）forgetful（健忘的）honest （诚实的）humorous （幽默

28、的）independent （独立的）diligent （勤奋的）cautious （谨慎的）talkative （多话的）healthy （健康的）attractive （有吸引力的）patient （耐心的）strict （严格的）modest（谦虚的）considerate（考虑周到的）outstanding （杰出的）optimistic（乐观的）enthusiastic（热情的）absent - minded （心不在焉的）bad - tempered （脾气不好的）pessimistic（悲观的）C. 教育经历 （注意尽量用非谓语动词, 使文章精炼） 如；1）Majored in

29、Science, he graduated from a famous University in the north and after 4 years, he went abroad for further studies.2）Graduated from the department of English of Zhongshan University, she went on further education and received a doctors degree.3） Mr. Smiths, an experienced professor, is willing to hel

30、p and therefore is thought highly of by all his students. 4） Chen Ming, who was once the champion of the English Speech Contest, is glad to share his learning methods with us.5） Zhang Ming, furthering his study at Cambridge University, does part-time job to earn extra money.D生平 （尽量用复合句倒装,非限定定语从句等，润色文章）如；1）Not only is he interested in science,