托福TPO真题阅读每日解析Groundwater答案解析Word文件下载.docx

1、 1. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the ground that we walk on?（Inference Question） A. It cannot hold rainwater for long periods of time. B. It prevents most groundwater from circulating. C. It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers. D. It has the capacity to

2、 store large amounts of water. 相关原句： At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water. （Paragraph 1） 本题解析： 文中指出地下居然能储存这麽多水是不可思议的，也就是说地下可以存储大量水，因此选择D。 正确答案：D 2. The word “incredible” in the passage is closest in meaning to （Voc

3、abulary Question） A.Unbelievable B.Comforting C.Confusing D.Interesting incredible意为“不可思议的”，即“难以相信的（unbelievable）”，因此选择A。A 3. The word “out of sight” in the passage is closest in meaning to （Vocabulary Question） A. Far away B. Partly visible C. Hidden D. Discovered Beds of this material, out of sigh

4、t beneath the soil, are common.（Paragraph 2） Out of sight意为“看不见的”，文中指被土壤掩盖了的，即“藏起来的（hidden）”，因此选择C。C 4. According to paragraph 2, where is groundwater usually found?（Factual Information Question） A.Inside pieces of sand and gravel B.On top of beds of rock C.In fast rivers that are flowing beneath th

5、e soil D.In spaces between pieces of sediment The commonest spaces are those among the particlessand grains and tiny pebblesof loose, unconsolidated sand and gravel. （Paragraph 2） 第二段指出最普遍的地下水存储空间在于疏松土壤和沙石间的空隙，因此选择D。 5. The phrase “glacial outwash” in the passage refers to （Reference Question） A.Fas

6、t rivers B.Glaciers C.The huge volumes of water created by glacial melting D.The particles carried in water from melting glaciers The water was always laden with pebbles, gravel, and sand, known as glacial outwash, that was deposited as the flow slowed down. （Paragraph 2） “glacial outwash”指的即是河水所承载的

7、鹅卵石、沙石和沙子等，因此选择D。 6. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 3 as places that sediment-laden rivers can deposit their sediments EXCEPT（Negative Factual Information Question） A. A mountain valley B. Flat land C. A lake floor D. The seafloor wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges fr

8、om a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows（Paragraph 3） Sediments are also dropped where a river slows on entering a lake or the sea, the deposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first（Paragraph 3） 本段指出了三处沉积物沉淀的地点：平地（flat land），湖床（a lake

9、floor），海床（the seafloor）。山谷（mountain valley）是沉淀物的来源地，不是沉淀地点，因此选择A。 7. The word “overlie” in the passage is closest in meaning to （Vocabulary Question） A. Cover B. Change C. Separate D. Surround In lowland country almost any spot on the ground may overlie what was once the bed of a river that has sinc

10、e become buried by soil;（Paragraph 4） overlie意为“叠加、覆盖”，与cover同义，因此选择A。 8. The phrase “so much for” in the passage is closest in meaning to（Vocabulary Question） A. That is enough about B. Now let us turn to C. Of greater concern are D. This is related to So much for unconsolidated sediments.（Paragrap

11、h 5） so much for意为“暂时说这些”，文章接下来要讲述有关consolidated sediments，因此关于上文中的疏松沉淀物暂时谈这些。因此选择A。 9. The word “plugged” in the passage is closet in meaning to （Vocabulary Question） A. Washed B. Dragged C. Filled up D. Soaked through This is because the gaps among the original grains are often not totally plugged

12、 with cementing chemicals; （Paragraph 5） plug意为“塞住”，指沙石缝隙被“填塞住（fill up）”，因此选择C。 10. According to paragraphs 6 and 7, why is basalt unlike most crystalline forms of rock? A.It is unusually solid B.It often has high porosity. C.It has a low proportion of empty space. D.It is highly permeable.Most crys

13、talline rocks are much more solid; a common exception is basalt, a form of solidified volcanic lava, which is sometimes full of tiny bubbles that make it very porous.（Paragraph 6） 大多数结晶岩石都很坚硬，而玄武岩不同，它具有很多气孔（very porous），因此选择B。B 11. What is the main purpose of paragraph 7?（Rhetorical Purpose Question

14、） A.To explain why water can flow through rock B.To emphasize the large amount of empty space in all rock C.To point out that a rock cannot be both porous and permeable D.To distinguish between two related properties of rock But note that porosity is not the same as permeability（Paragraph 7） 本段主要对多孔

15、性和可渗透性这两个岩石的性质做了区别，因此选择D。 12. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? （Sentence Simplification Question） A.Surface tension is not strong enough to retain drops of water in rocks with large pores but it strong enough to hold on

16、 to thin films of water in rocks with small pores. B.Water in rocks is held in place by large pores and drains away from small size pores through surface tension. C.Small pores and large pores both interact with surface tension to determine whether a rock will hold water as heavy drops or as a thin

17、film. D.If the force of surface tension is too weak to hold water in place as heavy drops, the water will continue to be held firmly in place as a thin film when large pores exist. If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain

18、away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.（Paragraph 9） 本句指出：如果孔大，其中的水会变为水滴，水滴太沉，岩石表面张力握不住，水便会排出；但如果孔足够小，其中的水会变成薄膜，薄膜很轻，无法挣脱表面张力的控制，这样水便会被紧紧收住。 注意：C

19、选项错误在于：并不是孔与张力相互作用，而应是水与张力相互作用。 13. Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.（Insert Text Question） What, then, determines what proportion of the water stays and what proportion drains away? Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square

20、 to add the sentence to the passage. Much of the water in a sample of water-saturated sediment or rock will drain from it if the sample is put in a suitable dry place.（A）But some will remain, clinging to all solid surfaces.（B） It is held there by the force of surface tension without which water woul

21、d drain instantly from any wet surface, leaving it totally dry.（C） The total volume of water in the saturated sample must therefore be thought of as consisting of water that can, and water that cannot, drain away.（D）What, then, determines what proportion of the water stays and what proportion drains

22、 away? 插入句中“what proportion of the water stays ”与“ what proportion drains away”暗示着其前一句必有关于两种水份的存在的内容，而原段末句恰总结了岩石中所含种水份“water that can and water that cannot drain away”，因此选择D。 14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by select

23、ing the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.（Prose Summary Question） Much of the grou

24、nd is actually saturated with water. Answer choices 1.Sediments that hold water were spread by glaciers and are still spread by rivers and streams. （） 2.Water is stored underground in beds of loose sand and gravel or in cemented sediment. （） 3.The size of a saturated rocks pores determines how much

25、water it will retain when the rock is put in a dry place. （） 4.Groundwater often remains underground for a long time before it emerges again. 5.Like sandstone, basalt is a crystalline rock that is very porous. 6.Beds of unconsolidated sediments are typically located at inland sites that were once un

26、derwater. 正确答案应陈述文章主要内容-承载地下水的物质（疏松沉淀物和非疏松沙石）以及其吸附水份的空间。 1.选项内容指出了疏松沉淀物来自于冰川或河流的扩展，文中二三两段中描述了冰川和如今的河流如何将承载的疏松物质沉淀下来，1正确。 2.选项内容总结了地下水储存的两种物质：疏松沉积物和非疏松沙石，2正确。 3.选项内容指出了地下蓄水岩石的孔大小决定了水份被排除还是被保留，末端总结了这一内容：孔大则水排出，孔小则水储存，3正确。 4.属细节内容，4错误。 5.属细节内容，5错误。 6.文中指出非疏松沉积物后来有可能位移至内陆，但并未说明内陆曾经有地下水（were once underwa

27、ter），6错误。1，2，3 l 段意及难句解析： 第一段： 段意： 讲述何为地下水以及其最主要的形式之一：气象水。 难句分析： 1.Ordinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation （rain and snow） and from lakes and streams. 短语：soak into：渗入 主干：Ordinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground 释义：普通气象水是那些通过地表，从降水和河流渗入到地下的水分。 2. There it remains, sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again. At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.at first thought：起初看来 分句：there it