Daniel Defoe文档格式.docx

1、 showed his sympathy for the downtrodden, unfortunate poor.3. His major worksDefoe is generally considered the first great realistic novelist in English fiction. He based his stories on current events & materials, such as the maps & logs of actual sea voyages, personal memoirs& historical or eyewitn

2、ess reports.Perhaps his most popular novel is Robinson Crusoe （1719）, an adventure story based partly on the actual experience of a man who had been trapped on a deserted island. A Journal of the Plague Year （1722）, sometimes considered his best work, has such a colorful & detailed account of the Lo

3、ndon plague of 1664 & 1665 that it seems to have been written by an observer on the scene. Defoes third masterpiece, Moll Flanders （1722）, is a lively novel tracing the adventures of a female rogue. Told in the form of confessions, the narrative includes vivid descriptions of the courts, prisons, &

4、other social institutions of Defoes era.4. Characteristics of his worksDefoe was a very good story-teller. He had a gift for organizing minute details in such a vivid way that his stories could be both credible& fascinating. His sentences are sometimes short, crisp & plain, & sometimes long & rambli

5、ng, which leave on the reader on impression of casual narration. His language is smooth, easy, colloquial & mostly vernacular. There is nothing artificial in his language: it is common English at its best.Robinson Crusoe鲁滨逊漂流记（1） Background: a real incident; 1704, Alexander Selkirk, a Scottish sailo

6、r, was thrown onto a desolate island by the mutinous crew of his ship. He lived there alone for 5 years. Defoe read about his adventures in a newspaper and went to interview him to get first-hand information. The first translation was done by Lin Shu in 1905 and became quite popular in China.（2） Plo

7、t: run away from home become a sailor a planter in Brazil to an uninhabited island because of shipwreck made a living there all by himself save a negro named Friday who became his servant back to England visit the remote island again and Friday was killedOriginal name of the novel: The Life and Stra

8、nge Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoea picaresque novel with a little change （main character is different）（3） （Discussion） Robinson Crusoes characterization: typical of the rising English bourgeois class, practical, diligent, a restless curiosity to know more about the world and a desire to p

9、rove individual power in the face of social and natural challenges; shrewd, care about money and good at managing; courageous and intelligent to overcome all kinds of obstacles（4） （Discussion） Theme: praising labor and mans courage and effort to conquer nature, but at the same time he beautifies col

10、onialism and slavery （Friday）（5） （Ask some questions about the excerpt） What is the first thing mentioned in the excerpt done by Robinson （The first paragraph） （keeping his calendar）How Robinson made a home for himself step by step on the remote island （Finding some useful thing from the wrecked shi

11、p - making a little pale around his tent - making a hut with the roof - enlarging his cave and making it like a storehouse - making a chair and a table - making large shelves - keep everything in order（6） （Discussion） Style: journalistic truth with many vivid details, simple and plain sentence struc

12、ture and language, first person point of view, natural order in narration, making the story intimate to the readers and become popular among lower classes（1） Main idea Robinson Crusoe is a romance by Defoe. In 1704 Alexander Selkirk, who had run away to sea and joined a privateering expedition under

13、 Dampier, was at his own request put ashore on the uninhabited island of Juan Fernandez. He was rescued in 1709 by Woodes Rogers. Defoe was probably familiar with several versions of this tale, and added many incidents from his own imagination to his account of Crusoe, presenting it as a true story.

14、 The extraordinarily convincing account of the shipwrecked Crusoes successful efforts to make himself a tolerable existence in his solitude first revealed Defoes genius for vivid fiction; it has a claim to be the first English novel. The author tells now, with the help of a few stores and utensils s

15、aved from the wreck and the exercise of infinite ingenuity, Crusoe built himself a house, domesticated goats, and made himself a boat. He describes the perturbation of his mind caused by a visit of cannibals, his rescue from death of an indigenous native he later names Friday, and finally the coming

16、 of an English ship whose crew are in a state of mutiny, the subduing of the mutineers, and Crusoes rescue. （2） Analysis In Robinson Crusoe, Defoe traces the growth of Robinson from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man, tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. The realis

17、tic account of the successful struggle of Robinson single-mindedly against the hostile nature forms the best part of the novel. Robinson here is a real hero: a typical 18th century English middle class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in ov

18、ercoming obstacles, in struggle against the hostile natural environment. He is the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist. In describing Robinsons life on the island, Defoe glorifies human labor and the Puritan fortitude, which save Robinson from despair and are a source of pride

19、 and happiness. He toils for the sake of subsistence, and the fruits of his labor are his own. （3） Text explanation 节选一开始就讲到Robinson在构思建造安身之处，他认为大海旁边并不合适。接着，他非常详细地说明了选择合适地方的理由。最后，他选定一个山丘侧面的一块平地，在那儿依着山壁搭起了一个两层的帐篷，上面还蒙上了一层船上搬来的舱盖布，并在山壁上挖出一个洞穴 在做这些事情过程的间歇中，Robinson持枪外出巡视，发现荒岛上有山羊出没。但山羊极其怕人，且奔跑速度极快，所以他只

20、好爬上一块岩石上观察以等待时机 就这样，Robinson有了固定的居住场所，还可以生火做饭，同时他还扩大了那个做地窖用的洞穴。 鲁宾逊漂流记是英国文学史上第一部伟大的小说。笛福从新兴资产阶级和殖民主义的立场出发，歌颂了在Robinson身上所体现出来的百折不挠、冒险进取的殖民精神。Robinson是欧洲文学史上第一个资产阶级正面人物形象，读者也应该清醒地认识到他作为资产阶级和殖民主义一员的局限性。The themes of Robinsons Crusoe a. mans struggles against natureb. glorification of the bourgeois men

21、 who has the courage and will to face hardship and determination to improve his livelihood. c. Glorification of labor （Robinson lives on his own hands）attack on the injustice of Englands legal system. He was cheered by people as a hero to defend himself. Exercises: 1. People always say that: As a me

22、mber of the middle class, Defoe spoke for and to the members of his class .How do you understand this sentence? Please explain it with the character of him.参考答案：1） In most of his works, Defoe gave his praise to the hard-working, sturdy middle class and showed his sympathy for the lower-class people.

23、 Robinson Crusoe was such a character.2） Robison goes out to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned/landed on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24 years there and finally is saved by a ship and returns to England. During the period Robinson leads a harsh and lonely life and survives by growing corp

24、s, taming animals, etc. growing from a naive young man into a hardened man. 3） With a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy （精力充沛）, courage and persistence in overcoming difficulties（在克服困难方面持之以恒）, in struggling against nature, Crusoe becomes the prototype / representative of the empire build

25、er, the pioneer colonist. （他是大英帝国缔造者的完美典范，同时也是殖民者的先驱） 4） In the novel, Defoe glorified human labor and the puritan fortitude which the middle class praised highly, so he can be regarded as a spokesman of the bourgeois. （P98-100）2. Daniel Defoes novel Robinson Crusoe was a great success partly becaus

26、e the protagonist was a real middle-class hero. Discuss Crusoe, the protagonist of the novel, as an embodiment of the rising middle class virtues in the mid-eighteenth century England. Answers:A. Social background: The Eighteenth Century England witnessed the growing importance of the bourgeois or m

27、iddle class. a. The Industrial Revolution b. The expansion of international markets;c. Values/virtues/moral standards/.different from those of the feudal aristocratic class -courageous, full of energy, hard working, practical, resourceful, self-reliant, etc; thus d. Literature should give/provide a

28、realistic presentation of the life of the common people; it should meet the demand/interest of the middle class people. B. Robinson Crusoe embodies the virtue of the middle class people. a. Crusoe as an adventurous/courageous man full of energy and courage: （example from the text）:b. Crusoe as a pra

29、ctical man: （example from the text）;c. Crusoe as a resourceful/self-reliant man:d. Crusoe as a patient/persistent man:e. And others.3. Daniel Defoe describes _ as a typical English middle class man of the 18th century, the very prototype of the empire builder or the pioneer colonist. A. Tom Jones B.

30、 Gulliver C. Moll Flanders D. Robinson Crusoe4. Crusoe is the hero in the Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York, Mariner （also known as Robinson Crusoe） by _.A. Jonathan Swift B. Daniel Defoe C. George Eliot D. D. H. Lawrence5. Friday is a character in the novel _.A. Gullivers