英国文学史第一章知识点Word文档格式.docx

1、Anglo-Saxon ages 央格鲁-撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中，最重要的一部是贝奥武甫， 别认为是英国的民族史诗。The good specimens标本of pagan异教 poetry诗歌 are Beowulf,the greatest of Germanic epics日耳曼史诗. 讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔，与火龙搏斗的故事，具有神话传奇色彩。national epic民族史诗 of the English people/of the Anglo-Saxons; Denmark story; alliteration头韵体, A lot of metaphors 隐

2、喻and understatements保守的陈述are used in the poem. Epic: long narrative poems叙事诗 that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted 制定in vast landscapes风景. The style of epic is grand宏伟的 and elevated严肃的. e.g. Homers Iliad and Odyssey Artistic features: The epic presents an all-round picture of

3、the tribal society史诗提出了一种全面的图像部落的社会。 .We can see the social conditions and customs of that period我们可以看到那个时期的社会条件和习俗。.So,the epic is also a poem of great social significance. 所以,史诗也是一个伟大的社会意义的诗。 Definition of alliteration头韵: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same co

4、nsonant辅音 sound（头韵）1. Using使用 metaphor隐喻 and understatement 保守陈述Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled 受控制的way Understatement is a typical典型的 way for Englishmen to express their ideasFeatures of Beowulf:a.Emphatics stress.b） Each line is divided into two parts,each half h

5、as two strongly accented syllables音节，at least one of the stressed syllables in the first half-line must alliterate with the first accented syllable in the second half-line.c） A lot of metaphors and understatements are used in the poem.Anglo-saxon Christian poetry is produced by Caedmon and Cynewulf.

6、Caedmon,the first English known poet,has been called the father of the English songs. Cynewulf livedin the early 9th century.He was the greatest Anglo-Saxon poet,excepting the unknown composer of Beowulf.The only signed poems by Cynewulf are Christ基督,Juliana朱莉安娜，the Fates of the Apostles 使徒的命运 and E

7、lene埃伦娜. The Norman conquest 诺曼征服：brought a great change to the English language ;brought the growth of English vocabulary.French culture dominated the English language and literature for three hundred years.The knightly code,the romantic interest in women.The Romance传奇文学The three matters of the rom

8、ance:传奇文学的三个问题the matter of France,the Matter of Rome and the matter of Britain.The most notable著名的romance in this gioup is Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.A verse诗篇-romance of 2530 lines,derived from来源于 Celtic legend凯尔特传奇Poetry in age of Chaucer,14th century:Geoffrey Chaucer lived in the 14th centu

9、ry.His writings brought about带来 the first harvest in English poetry.So,the 14th century has been traditionally 习惯上called Age of Chaucer.English poetry flowered in the writings of three great poets:William Langland,Geoffrey Chaucer,and John Gower.William Langlands achievement in Piers Plowman农夫皮尔斯is

10、important both in literature and in history.Piers Plowman has the form of a dream vision.It is perhaps one of the greatest of English allegories寓言.Geoffrey Chaucer:In the period of Medieval English,literature found its best expression mainly in poetry.The most famous and greatest poet of the time wa

11、s Geoffrey Chaucer,who is often called the father of English poetry.He was born in London.He liked reading and writing in his spare time.Chaucers literary career coincided一致，符合with his life experiences.Chaucers Canterbury Tales:total about 17000 lines;has its social significance in several ways:Firs

12、t,second,Third,Fourth,Fifth,LastlyThe Fifteenth Cemtury PoetryChaucerians 乔叟式的：John Lydgate,John SkeltonBut it is a perid in which folk literature flourished 繁荣,especially ballads民谣.情歌。Popular ballads:民谣Ballads belong to the domain of folk literature.A ballad is a story told in song,usually in 4-lin

13、e stanzas,with the second and fourth lines rhymed.Ballads of Robin Hood:The most famous cycle of the English ballads deal with the stories of a legendary outlaw named Robin Hood.In English history,Robin Hood is a partly legendary figure.2,the sixteenth century:The Renaissance in England英国的文艺复兴 Human

14、ism人文主义 become the key note of the English Renaissance.The English scholars and educators called themselves Humanists. The English Renaissance went through three periods :The Beginning ,The Flowering（also called a Age of Elizabeth伊丽莎白）,and The Decline. Elizabethan poetry is remarkable for its variet

15、y ,its freshness,its youthfulness,and its romantic ardor.In the Age of Elzabeth，writing poetry became a fashion.The queen herself was a poet. The Sonnet,十四行诗the common Italian poetic form,was introduced by Thomas Wyatt.Henry Hoeard,Earl of Surrey,invented the English sonnet,which was practiced by Sh

16、akespeare and other sonnet writers.He also introduced blank verse无韵诗 into English。This form serves so well the large descriptive and narrative requirements of The Faerie Queene仙后. Sir Thomas Wyatt ,the first introduce the Sonnet into English literature.His greatest contribution to English literature

17、 is that he introduced into England the sonnets,a 14-lined poem with a complicated rhyme scheme.The most common rhyme scheme in Wyatts sonnets is abba abba cddc ee. The sonnets of Shakespeare are English-structure,usually rhyming abab cdcd efef gg. Edmund Spenser,the greatest poet of the English Renaissance,is regarded as “the poetspoet”because of his great influence on later poets.