高中语法知识点总结Word格式文档下载.docx

1、verbs of the possession: belong,have,own,possess一般过去时过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week（year, night, month）, in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.含有Be动词主语+was/were+.不含有be动词：主语+动词过去式+.4.否定句：带be:主语+was/were n

2、ot+动词原形+.不带be：主语+didnt+动词原形+.含be动词was或were放于句首；不含be动词用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词原型。She often came to help us in those days.I didnt know you were so busy.She sang a song of Lin Feng yesterday1.现在进行时表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。now, at this time, these days, etc.Be动词、am/is/are+doingBe动词、am/is/are+not+doing.把be动词

3、放于疑问词的后面。How are you feeling today?He is doing well in his lessons.7. 一般表示位移的词如leave fly arrive go come. 等用现在进行时表将来。I am flying Beijing next week .表示我下周即将飞往北京。He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 他明天即将去北京。过去进行时表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。wa

4、s/were + doingwas/were + not + doing.把was或were放于句首。At that time she was working in a PLA unit.When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.现在完成时过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc.have/has + donehave/has + not + done.have或has提前。Ive written

5、 an article.It has been raining these days.过去完成时以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。before, by the end of last year（term, month）,by the time.,etc.had + done.had + not + done.had放于句首。As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books一

6、般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。tomorrow, next day（week, month, year）,soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.am/is/are + going to + do；will/shall + do.am/is/are + not+going to; 在行为动词前加will/shall（will适用于所有人称，shall只用于第一人称）be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。They are going to have a competition with

7、us in studies.It is going to rain.I think he will be back soon过去将来时立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。the next day（morning, year）,the following month（week）,etc.was/were + going to + do；would/should + do.was/were + not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。He said he would go

8、to Beijing the next day.I asked who was going there .2初中英语语法八大时态一、一般现在时：基本结构：动词原形 主语三单：动词原形+s/es三种常考基本用法：1、经常性和习惯性动作Eg. I always get up early.2、客观事实和普遍真理Eg. The earth goes around the sun.3、在时间状语从句及条件状语从句中,一般现在表将来If it doesnt rain, we will have a picnic.其中,第三种用法就是学生们熟知的主将从现的原则,这一点大家务必掌握,此知识点会在初二学习,同时

9、也是中考重要考点.常见时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, on Sundays, at weekends, once a week, twice a month, etc.二、一般过去时：动词的过去式基本用法：1、过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态Eg. I got up late yesterday.2、过去习惯性、经常性的动作Eg. When I was in the countryside, I often swam in the river.ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday,

10、last week （year, night, month）, in 1986, just now, at the age of 10, at that time, once upon a time, etc.三、一般将来时：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.am/is/are/going to + do1、（人）计划打算做某事Eg. Im going to go shopping with my mom tomorrow.2、（事）即将发生Eg. Look at the clouds, its going to rain.will/shall d

11、o1、将来的动作和状态（相对较长远）Eg. Youll have your own house in the future.2、礼貌询问、客气邀请Eg. Will you go with me?3、意愿Eg. I will do it for you.tomorrow, next day （week, month, year）, soon, the day after tomorrow, in+时间段（格外注意）,etc.四、现在进行时：am/is/are+现在分词1、此时此刻正在进行的动作Eg. I am writing a letter now.2、现阶段正在进行的动作Eg. I am r

12、eading a book these days.五、过去进行时：was/were+现在分词1、过去某时刻正在进行的动作Eg. He was playing computer games when his father came home.2、过去某时段正在进行的动作Eg. He was doing his homework while his mother was cooking.at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等.六、过去将来时：was/were/going to + do；would/should +

13、 do.从过去时间点看将来,常用于宾语从句中.Eg. He said that he would marry her.the next day （morning, year）, the following month （week）, etc.七、现在完成时：have/has + 过去分词1、过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果Eg. I have finished my homework.2、过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态Eg. We have waited for her for 2 hours.recently, lately, so far, up to now, since+时间

14、点,for+时间段, in the past few years, etc.现在完成时是考试中的重点也是难点,同学们需要格外加强.特别注意瞬间动词和延续性动词的转化问题,具体会在课程中详细讲解,在此不加以赘述.八、过去完成时：had + 过去分词以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,即过去的过去.Eg. Just before the English class, I suddenly realized that I had left my English textbook at home.before, after, by the end of last year（month）,e

15、tc.不定冠词不定冠词a，an与one同源，表示微弱的一的概念，但并不强调数目，用来表示不确定的人或事物。a用在辅音前，而不是辅音字母前；an用在元音前，而不是元音字母前。a university in Asia1.表示同类中的任何一个A cat has nine lives.2.表示泛指的某人、某物I know a John Lennon，but not the famous one.3.表示数量的He has a daughter.4. 表示单位数量的每一I earn 10 dollars an hour.5. 表示相同的The two birds are of a color.6. 用于

16、集体名词前He grows up in a large family.7. 在某种情况下可用于抽象名词和物质名词前China has a long history.定冠词的用法1. 表示特定的人或物2. 表示地球、宇宙中独一无二的事物主要指各种天体及世界上比较有影响的物体。 the sun，the moon，the earth3. 表示地点、方向、时间、方式等 at the corner 在拐角处（1） 在表示季节的名词前常不用冠词。 in spring 在春天（2） 具体某年的某个季节，需用冠词。 in the summer of the year2008（3） 用于序数词或形容词的最高级前

17、 the first the second（4） 用于形容词前使其名词化 the rich the poor（5） 用于复数姓氏前，表示夫妇或全家 The Smiths（6） 用于乐器名词前 play the piano（7） 用于by + the + 计量单位名词 by the pound1. 用于复数名词前复数名词泛指某类人或物时，其前通常用零冠词。 Students should obey the school rules. 学生应该遵守校规。 复数名词若需特指，则要加定冠词。 The students are too lazy. 这些学生太懒。2. 用于不可数名词前不可数名词表示泛指时

18、，其前通常用零冠词。如： Bread is made from flour. 面包是用面粉做的。Wood is a poor conductor of sound. 木头是声音的不良导体。 不可数名词若需特指，则要加定冠词。He sawed the wood into three pieces. 他把木头锯成三块。3. 用于专有名词前在通常情况下，专有名词前要用零冠词。Mr Smith is our English teaches us English. 史密斯先生教我们英语。 在特殊情况下，若专有名词需要特指，也可加定冠词。 The Smith youre looking for no lo

19、nger lives here.4. 用于抽象化的可数名词前有些可数名词抽象化后表示表示的活动，其前通常零冠词。 Jim has gone to bed. 吉姆已上床睡觉了。She goes to church every Sunday. 她每周星期天都去做礼拜。这类主要涉及bed， church， class， college， school， university， work， hospital， prison， market， sea， town等。另外，这类名词前用不用冠词有时与英美英语的表达习惯有关。住院在英国英语中通常说成 in hospital，而在美国英语中则通常说成in th

20、e hospital;类似的还有go to university （英）上大学 / go to the university （美）上大学;at table （英）在吃饭 / at the table （美）在吃饭。5. 用于职务及头衔前当表示职务及头衔的名词用作表语、补足语及同位语时，其前通常用零冠词。 Wilson became President of the U. S. A. 威尔逊当了美国总统。 He will be made captain of the football team. 他将被选为足球队队长。6. 在表示学科、语言、三餐、月份、季节、节假日、星期等名词前，通常用零冠词

21、。We are all interested in physics. 我们大家都对物理感兴趣。7. 用于某些固定结构中go to sea 去当水手 at home 在家 at night 在晚上 at least 至少at most 至多 at first 首先 at last 最后 in bed 在床上on foot 步行 face to face 面对面代词高考中对代词的考查主要集中在人称代词（主要是其中的it）、关系代词、指示代词和不定代词上。一、 it的用法 1. 作人称代词John likes playing Ping pong./ He always does it in the

22、afternoon.（指代上下文提到的事物）; /Its time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer./ Its very quiet at the moment.（可指时间、天气、环境等） 2.引导词A.作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。Its important for us to learn a second language./ Its no use talking to him./ Its known to all tha

23、t the earth goes round the sun.B.作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。We feel it our duty to help others./ He made it clear that he would leave the city. C.强调结构：It is （was） +被强调部分+that （或who）注意：在强调结构中，如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语，其后的连接词也绝不能为when 或where，而应用that 。在复习中，一定要注意句式的不同。 It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar

24、.（that引起强调句） It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar.（where引起定从）It was twelve oclock when we arrived there.（when引起时间状语从句） It was at twelve oclock that we arrived there.（that 引起强调句）3. it，one，that 的区别：作为代词，这三个词的对比使用是高考的热点之一。 Why dont we take a little break? Didnt we just have _? A.it B.that C.one D.

25、thisThe Parkers bought a new house but _will need a lot of work before they can move in. A.they B.it C.one D.whichone 用以指代同类事物中的任一，that 特指性强，指代可数与不可数词，而it指代上文提过的同一事物。关系代词who，whose，whom，which，that，as1）which可以引导非限定性定语从句，代表前面整个句子的内容，并且在从句中做主语 2）that的用法 1）不用that的情况a） 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 b） 介词后不能用。We depend on

26、 the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2） 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a） 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。b） 在不定代词，如：anything， nothing， the one， all， much， few， any， little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。c） 先行词有the only， the very修饰时，只用that。 d） 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用th

27、at。. e） 先行词既有人，又有物时。举例：All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。Finally， the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。3） as的用法as作关系代词，用来引导定语从句：限制性定语从句和限非制性定语从句 一、as引导限制性定语从句as引导限制性定语从句时，通常和such， the same， as（so）等连用，构成such.as/such as， the same.as/the same as， as（so）.as等结构，在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语。1.such.as/such as意为.的那种.，像那样的，such.as/such as引导限制性定语从句时，既可指人，也可指物。such用于名词之前时，具有形容词性质;such单独使用（即后面不接名词）时，具有代词性质。Dont trust such men as praise you to your face.（as作主语） 不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人。You should read only such books as you c