高中英语语法名词行从句Word下载.docx

1、The mother must accept the fact that her baby is deaf.同位语从句陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句可以充当名词性从句陈述句The Earth is round.That the earth is round is a fact.一般疑问句Does he need my help ?I dont know whether he needs my help.特殊疑问句Where did he go?I dont know where he went.引导名词性从句的常用连词连词that对应于陈述句在句子中不作为成分连词whether , if对应于

2、一般疑问句副词when, where, why, how代词 who, whom, what, which, whose对应于特殊疑问句状语：when, where, why, how主语、宾语、表语：what whom, what定语：which, whose，后面接名词陈述句可以分别充当四种句子的成分对于陈述句我们需要在句首加上that，然后把that+陈述句这个结构分别放在另一个句子的四种位置构成四种名词从句一主语从句把that+陈述句这个结构放在主语位置That English is difficultis not my idea.有人认为英语很难，我可不这么认为That the wo

3、rld is round is a fact.That the moon itself does not give off light is common knowledge.更常见的是用it作为形式主语放在句首，将主语从句放在句末It is obvious that he doesnt understand English.It is a fact that the world is roundIt is common knowledge that the moon itself does not give off light.It is common knowledge that the

4、whale is not a fish.It is common knowledge that a flash of lightning is seen before a clap of thunder is heard.我们先看见闪电后听到雷声这是基本常识。It is shame that you did not pass the test.主语从句的重点句型归纳1 It +be +过去分词+that从句It is reported thatIt is believed that It is generally thought that 人们普遍认为It should be noted th

5、atIt has been found that It must be pointed out that 必须指出同样可以这样用的动词有：say, expect, know, estimate, forecast等2 It + be + 形容词+ that-clauseIt is clear thatIt is possible thatIt is likely thatIt is natural thatIt is certain thatIt is strange thatIt is fortunate thatIt is necessary that3 It + be + 名词短语 +

6、that-clause 例如 a pity /a fact/ a shame/ an honor, a good idea, no wonder .common knowledgeIt is a pity thatIt is a fact thatIt is good news that It is a good thing thatIt is no wonder thatIt is a shame thatIt is an honor thatIt is my belief that It is a miracle that二宾语从句1 把that+陈述句这个结构放在宾语位置I think

7、（that） you are right.We know that the world is round.I think that a sound knowledge of grammar is indispensable to good writing.我认为扎实的语法功底对英文写作是极为重要的。2 只有宾语从句中that才可以省略，主语、表语、同位语从句中一般都不省略that。3 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.4 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, ad

8、mire, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等及物动词后可以接不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以接that引导的宾语从句。I admire their winning the match. （对）I admire that they won the match. （错）5 作介词的宾语Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.It depends on whether we will go.介词宾语中如果关系词whether, 不可以换成if;I

9、am not interested in what he is doing. He will write a book on how Chinese people learn English.6 that 从句作介词宾语只用于except that和in that结构。His report is correct except that some details are omitted. Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to correct our mistakes.7 作形容词的宾语例如：I am af

10、raid （that） Ive made a mistake.that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。8. It 可以作为形式宾语It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语

11、that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 We think it possible that the price will rise. find / make / see / hear / feel / think + it + adj. / n. + that 句型中, it 作形式宾语, that引导真正的宾语从句, 不能省;9 be sure / certain / glad / afraid / sorry / pleased + that 句型中, that 可以省;Are you certain that youll get there in time? He was

12、 disappointed that he failed to get the master degree.10. what is / was the matter /wrong with sb作宾语从句, 不改变语序;Who knows what is the matter / wrong with him?11. 有两个或两个以上宾语从句时, 第二个和第二个以后的从句必须用that引导.She said she was pleased at her victory and that she would work harder.12. 否定转移若主句谓语动词为think, consider,

13、 suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think （that） the film is interesting.I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。I dont think I know you.我想我并不认识你。 t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I ho

14、pe you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。三表语从句把that+陈述句这个结构放在表语位置My idea is that the child should be sent to school.四同位语从句把that+陈述句这个结构放在同位语位置He was prepared to prove his theory that two different weights should fall to the ground at the same time.他想证明他的理论两个不同种类的物体将同时落地。The fact that he succeeded in the experime

15、nt pleased everybody.The rumor that Tom was a thief turned out to be untrue.注意同位语从句可能与所修饰的名词被其他成分分开以使得整个句子的结构显得平衡。He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. Word came that Hussein had been captured. They spread the lie everywhere that tom was guilty of theft.A saying goes that pr

16、actice makes perfect.这种结构在阅读文章当中常见，遇到时要认真分析句子才能理解。Dreary months dragged by before the tragic news reached her that her beloved brother had been killed for anti-Nazi activities. 在狱中挨过数月苦闷的日子后，突然一天噩耗传来：她敬爱的哥哥在反法西斯运动中被杀害。That 的重要性That English is difficult is not my idea.English is difficult is not my i

17、dea如果不加that，就有两个谓语，意思就混淆不清，二英文中句子的核心意思主要靠谓语表达，一个句子只能表达一个核心只能有一个谓语。He said no word at the meeting was strange.He said that no word at the meeting was strange. 他说会上人们的发言都很正常没有什么奇怪的。That he said no word at the meeting was strange.他在会上一言不发，很奇怪一般疑问句可以分别充当四种句子的成分一般疑问句要变为陈述句并且用whether/ if来引导Whether he come

18、s or not makes no difference to me.I dont know if/ whether he needs my help.My concern is whether he comes or not.They are faced with the problem whether they should continue to work. if只用于引导宾语从句，而whether可以引导四种名词性从句。If 不和or not连用，whether可以。特殊疑问句可以分别充当四种句子的成分特殊疑问句变陈述句语序There arouse the question where

19、 we could get the loan.I have no idea when he will return.Why he refused to cooperate with us is still a mystery.September 11,2001 started out as an ordinary day, but what happened that morning will be forever etched in our memories. 911时间将会永远铭刻在人们记忆中What we need is wholly new kind of police force.我

20、们需要全新的警察机关What he told you is true.Who will chair the meeting has not yet been decided.How a person masters his fate is more important than what his fate is.注意 Whatever, whoever, whichever 引导的主语从句的区分。whatever 相当于 anything that, 是 what 的强调形式，表示“无论什么”。 Whatever she does is ridiculouswhoever 相当于anyone

21、who, 是who 的强调形式，表示“无论谁；任何的人”。 Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a coldwhichever“无论哪个; 无论哪些”, 既指人, 也指物; 可以单独使用, 可以修饰名词, 也可以后跟of 短语。 Whichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a hand to others Whichever book you borrow doesnt matter to usThe mother will buy whichever books her

22、 son wants.You should vote for which candidate you assume best.I have not decided whom I should vote for.They gave who came to the meeting a pamphlet.Could you tell me where the post office is?We dont know why he did not come yesterday.Change is what keeps us fresh and innovative. Change is what kee

23、ps us from getting stale. 唯有变化才能使我们思维敏锐，富有创意，唯有变革才能使我们永葆青春。The point is whose book is the most interesting.Money is what we are badly in need of.Yesterday is history. Tomorrow is mystery. Today is a gift. Thats why it is called the present!The point is when you will become rich.This is where our bas

24、ic interest lies.My question is where we are going to have our holiday.The problem is how we can get the things we need. （how 在表语从句中充当方式状语）The scissors are not what I need. （what 在表语从句中充当宾语）That is what I want to tell you. （what在表语从句中充当直接宾语）That is why she failed to pass the exam. （why 在表语从句中充当原因状语）

25、注意可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等,“That is why.”是常用句型，意为“这就是的原因/因此”，其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结，That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne. 珍妮，这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。（前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异，说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后，用这一句来进行概括）。下面是两个与“That is why.”形式相似的结构，它们与“That is why.”结构

26、之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：（1）“That is why.”与“That is the reason why.”同义，只不过从语法结构上讲， “That is the reason why.”中why引导的是个定语从句，将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why.”结构一样，例如：That is （the reason） why I cannot agree. （2）“That is because.”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，意为“这就是为什么/因为”。“That is because.”与“That is why.”之间的不

27、同在于“That is because.”指原因或理由， “That is why.”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果，例如：He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework. （第一句话说明结果，第二句话说明原因）He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night. （第一句话说明原因，第二句话说明结果）I have no idea who he is.T

28、he question who should go abroad on this business tour requires consideration.同位语从句常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, discovery, information, word, message, thought, suggestion, answer, belief, promise, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, report, belief, decision, doubt, opinion, theory

29、等抽象名词的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。We are surprised at the fact that the children did it on their ownThey expressed the hope that we would go and visit Germany againThe news that his heath is failing made us sad. I have no idea where they are spending their holidays. The question who should do the work requires consideration.There is no doubt that he will come here again.He was tortured by the doubt whether he would accept their presents.同位语从句和定