语法Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、as 引导的定语从句有两种形式：A引导限制性语从句。在此类定语从句中，as常与主语中作为其先行词的such, the same或as联用构成，“such. as”，“the same. as”和“as .as”句型，可代替先行词。例如：We hope to get such a tool as he is using. 我们希望得到他正在用的那种工具。Bas 引导非限制性定语从句时，作用与which相同，as作为关系代词代替整个主句。（这是语法考试的一个考点。）注意区别：as 引导的从句用于句首、句中或句后，而which引导的定语从句不能放在句首。As is reported, a forei

2、gn delegation will visit the city.据报道，一个外国代表团将访问这个城市。新概念英语第三册语法精粹（二）:状语从句超级作文联接词及词组，全部拿下！ 原因：because, since, now that（既然）as, for, this reason. 结果：so that, so, therefore, consequently, so as to, as a result . 时间：after, before, when, while, as, until, as soon as, since, by the time, once, lately, pres

3、ently, shortly after, currently, at present, nowadays . 条件：if, only if., once, unless, in the event （that）, in case （that）, provided that, on the condition that, etc. 让步：though, although, even though（if）, no matter what / how / when whatever / however / whenever . 目的：in order that, in order to, to,

4、比较：than, as . as, by comparison（相比较），by contrast（相对照）. 新概念英语第三册语法精粹（三）:名词性从句王牌要点：通常由 that或疑问词导出。1. How some mammals came to live in the sea is not know.（主语从句） 2. The attorney told his client that they had little chance of winning the case.（宾语从句） 3. The problem is what well do next.（表语从句） 4. We have

5、no idea that he has come back.（同位语从句）同位语（Appositive）:同位语是英语语法的重点内容，也是各类考试中的一个考点，同时，在写作中正确运用同位语可以使你的句型更加简洁得体。新概念英语 第三册第一课有这样一个句子： When reports came into London zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. （当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没

6、有受到重视。在这里，a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London就是同位语从句，它本来应该放在 “reports”后面，这里却被放在了谓语成分 came into London zoo的后面，目的是让句型显得更为稳重。I简单记忆：同位语从句，就是对某些名词做进一步的解释的句子。I was greatly shocked when I heard the news that his father died yesterday. （that 引导的句子解释了news的内容，注意：that不做任何成分） We have t

7、o face the fact that the weather is unexpectedly bad. （that 引导的句子解释了fact的内容）II联想记忆：能接同位词从句的名词有：belief（信仰），fact，idea，doubt，rumor（谣言），evidence（证据），conclusion（结论），suggestion（建议），problem，order，answer，discovery（发 现）explanation（解释），principle（原则），possibility（可能性），truth，promise（承诺），report（报告），statement（声明），

8、knowledge（知识），opinion（观点），likelihood（可能性）大声朗读三遍，背下即可。III王牌要点： 同位语一般由that引导，但也可以用关系代词which, who, what和关系副词when, where, why, how或 whether 引导。There arouse the question whether we could win the game. I have no idea howto explain it. 一些介词词组后面也能引导同位语从句。（非常经典之功能句式，可用于四六级和托福作文，不妨一试！）：on the assumption（在前提下）

9、，on the ground（由于原因），on the condition that（在条件下），with the exception（有例外）owing to the fact（由于事实）；on the understanding（基于理解）；The young lady promised to marry the old man on the condition that he bought her a villa. 那位年轻的女士答应嫁给那位老头，条件是他给她买一幢别墅。IV分隔式同位语从句为了使句型平衡不至于头重脚轻，有时同位语从句可以放到句子的末尾，（读两遍此定义，然后看倒句：An

10、idea came to him that he might write to her to ask more information about the matter. I got information from my friend that there will be a marvelous American movie Titanic. V. 同位语从句与定语从句之区别简单记忆：定语从句的引导词 that 或 which在句子中用作主语或宾语，而同位语从句的引导词that只起连接主句和从句之作用，不用作任何成分。示例：Ive got an answer that A is right.

11、 （同位语从句，that 不做成分） ve got an answer that surprised me a lot.（定语从句，that做定语从句的主语） VI王牌重点：可以充当同位语的词组或短语。1）名词短语。（使句型更为简洁） Bill Clinton, the president of America, came to China to pay an official visit in 1998. Lu Xun, one of the greatest essayists in China, played an overwhelmingly important role in Chi

12、nese literature history. 2）动名词词组亦可用作同位语：别忘了加逗号。（使句型更为流畅） m crazy about the game, playing baseball. Going to concert, that sounds a great idea. 3）不定式短语。（陌生只是掌握的开始） The problem what to do next remains unsolved. Her claim to have finished his work is nothing but a white lie. 4）形容词词组。（有逗号隔开） All the wor

13、kers, young or old, should be treated equally. Young man, short or tall, should have the right to take the opportunity. VII. 同位语的引导词。（重要！这是中高级写作中不可缺少的引导成分） 引导词用来表示同位语与它所说明的同位成分之间的关系：1namely, that it is, that is to say（也就是说）, in other words（换句话说）, or, for short 表示等同关系。2such as, say, so to speak（譬如说）,

14、 including（包括）, for instance（或 for example （e.g. / eg），表示举例和列举关系。3especially, mostly, chiefly, or better, in particular, particularly表示突出重点，（在高难度阅读中表示后面的部分为更重要或更突出的部分，是出题的关键点。新概念英语第三册语法精粹（四）:虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表达不可能或难以实现的愿望，与事实相反的假设，通常分为基本的三种形式。1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟：If did / were ., . would shouldcould do （动词原形） mig

15、ht If I were you, I would go abroad at once. （I am not you.） If he knew it now, he could help me. （He doesnt know it now.） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟：If had done ., . would （might） have done . If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you.（I didnt know your telephone number.） If you had

16、 come here a littleearlier just now, you might have met her.（You didnt come here earlier.） 3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟：（1） If should v., . would v. （可能性很小）（译作“万一”）If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home. If I should fail, what should Ido?（2） If did / were to v ., would v.（完全不可能） If the sun were to rise

17、 in the west, I would lend you the money. If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.4. 金牌特殊重点：！简单联想记忆： 下列动词后的“宾语从句”中需要用虚拟形式，即should 动词原形，shoud在美国英语中要省略（TOEFL语法考点）。此类常见的动词有：order, ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest（建议）insist（坚决要求），advise, etc. 例句：He suggested that we （sho

18、uld） help them with English. The teacher ordered that the homework （should） be finished within half an hour. 下列名词后的同位语从句中要用“should 动词原形”（should可省去）的虚拟。suggestion, order, request, demand, importance, proposal. He made a suggestion that we （should） have a fancy dress party. I think it is a thing of im

19、portance that it （should） be done soon. It is / was important / necessary / natural / essential / advisable / strange / surprising, ect. that 主语 should v. It is strange that you should say such a thing. It was important that you should tell me all the information. wish后的宾语从句中，as if 后的状语从句中，须用下列的虚拟形式

20、：主 wish （that） 主 did / were（指现在）haddone（指过去）would v.（指将来） Iwishthat I met my uncle now. IwishI had met my uncle yesterday. IwishI could meet my uncle tomorrow. It is （high） time that . did / were . It is time that you went to bed. would rather that . did / were . I would rather that you were not her

21、e now. would sooner that . did / were . I would sooner that you got up earlier. I would sooner that you were not my brother. 新概念英语第三册语法精粹（五）:代替与省略英语中，为了避免不必要的重复，经常用so, not, to, do, does 代替前面出现的动词或相关内容。如：He translated the article better than I did. （did代替wrote it） Doyou think she isclever? I think so

22、. （so代替 she is clever） （1） 从上两例中看出，do / does / did 代替动词。（2） so 与 not 代替某个词、短语、句子等，通常用于hope, think, believe, expect, suppose, be afraid, fear, imagine, etc后作宾语。E.g. Is it correct? Im afraid not. （not correct） （3） to 用作不定式，常跟随下列动词：want, mean, hope, expect, refuse, seem, intend, be, afraid, etc. E.g. I

23、 asked him to go to the party, but he refused to. （go to the party） （4） do so, do that, do it 用来代替动态动词，而不能代静态动词。Eg. He gave up studying English. Why did he do so? （= give up studying English） The dish tastes nice. Yes, so it does. （tastes nice） （此句不能用it does it 或 it does so, 因taste属静态动词。（5） 为使语言精炼，避

24、免不必要的重复，对话中常用省略形式。E.g. He is thinking of buying a car? Is he?（这里，“thinking of buying a car”被省略了。 Will he come back in time? Perhaps.（省略了he will come back in time.） 新概念英语第三册语法精粹（六）:倒 装根据语法要求，把谓语动词置于主语前，称为完全倒装，把助动词或情态动词置于主语前，称为部分倒装。1副词如：in, out, down, there, here, off, over, away, etc. 句子倒装。（完全倒装，但主语不

25、能是代词）Down jumped the murderer from the tenth floor. In came Miss Green.（特别注意：当主语是人称代词时不倒装。Away she went!（她走了！Here you are!（你在这儿！2only 副词（介词短语）位于句首，句子要倒装。Only then did he realize that he was mistaken. Only by working hard can we succeed in doing anything. 3well, so, often, such, few, little 放于句首，句子形成

26、倒装。So fine was the weather that we all went out lying in the sun. Well did I know him and well did he know me. 4否定词或具有否定意义的词及词组用在句首时，句子须倒装。此类词有： neither，nor，hardly，scarcely， rarely，seldom，not，never，not only，barely，at no time，nowhere等。e.g. Jack could not swim. Neither could Tom. Never have I seen suc

27、h a good movie. 5as引导让步状语从句，须倒装。（准确地说，是将需要强调的词提到as的前面。Rich as he is, he spends a cent on charity. Try as he does, he never seems able to do the work beautifully. 6在表示祝愿的句子中。May you make greater progress! （愿你取得更大进步！7在虚拟条件句中，连词if省略时，句型要倒装，即将were, had, should等词提到句首。Were I you, I would go abroad to take advanced study. 我要是你，就出国进修了。Should he come tomorrow, he would help us to settle the problem. 他要是明天来的话，他会帮我们解决这个问题的。8百分特例重点：Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want.（NCE Book III Lesson 26）尽管我们为自己的绝好鉴赏力感到自豪，但我