动名词.docx

1、动名词动名词动名词的动词特点一、 表示时间：在多数情况下，现在式的动名词和同句或同一分句中谓语动词表示的时间是一致的：Playing football requires a large playground. （一般情况）I like eating Chinese food.He is sorry for being idle.I enjoyed eating the dinner. （过去情况）His hobby was collecting stamps.His success will depend upon his working harder and being assisted b

2、y friends. （将来情况）I will avoid being seen by her.如果动名词是一个表示意图的谓语动词的宾语，动名词表示的时间比谓语动词表示的时间要晚一些：He insists on trying again.He intends （or proposes） going abroad.He advocated（ or suggested，advised） our studying science.There is no hope of seeing the peaceful world again.完成形式的动名词表示的时间比谓语动词表示的时间要早一些：I am p

3、roud of having sent （= that I have sent） all my girls to college.He is not sure of having said（= that he has said） anything against you.He is not sure of having said（= that he said） anything against you yesterday.在某些情况下，现在形式的动名词起着完成形式的动名词的作用，表示的时间比谓语动词表示的时间早：He remembers seeing her somewhere.He regr

4、etted making these mistakes.He repented of fooling around when he was young.He was punished for stealing something.二、 有主动、被动两种形式在某些情况下，主动的动名词却有被动的意思，特别是在下面两种情况：1）在 need，deserve这类动词后作宾语：This house needs（or wants，requires）repairing（但要用 to be repaired）.This article needs correcting（但： to be corrected）.

5、 （比较：The relations between these two countries are in need of improving. ）This method deserves recommending（但： to be recommended）.2）The fruit is now ripe for picking.The monument is ready for building.This is not fit for eating.This mistake is past mending.His words are past believing.This fool is p

6、ast saving.这人傻得没救了。Is such a book worth reading（= worthy to be read）?This job is not worth doing.三、 作为动词，可以有一个意义上的主语1）这种主语可以不出现或由上下文暗示出来：a） Seeing is believing. （动名词seeing和 believing的意义上的主语为一般人）Cheating others does not pay.It is no use crying over spilt milk.b） It is no use talking about this matter

7、. （动名词talking的意义上的主语为你我）Saying such a thing is foolish. （动名词 saying的意义上的主语为对方或另一人）I suggested fighting to the last man. （动名词 fighting的意义上的主语为我们的军队）c） At the（or this）moment（or time） of writing，the battle is still going on. （writing的意义上的主语为讲话人自己）d） John is praised for fighting bravely. （fighting意义上的主语

8、就是句子主语John. ）（这种用法很普通）Mary will consider doing something for you.e） They punished William for fighting in the classroom.（fighting的意义上的主语为句子的宾语William）（这种用法也很普通）Thank you for lending me the raincoat.f） Working too hard will injure our health. （working的意义上的主语由 our表示出来，指我们。）Your success consists in doi

9、ng the same thing year after year.Happiness does not consist in how many possessions you own.2）如果意义上的主语从上下文中已可清楚看出，若再加上就显得多余，如下面句子中的his，our：I praised John for（his） working hard.We are talking about（our） going to college.（Our） doing too much may be worse than（our） doing nothing.A new member has to pa

10、y a certain fee before（his） entering the club. 但有时意义上的主语必须说出，以防引起误解。由于句子主语常常被理解为动名词意义上的主语，下面例句中动名词表示的究竟是谁的动作则不清楚，须加上意义上的主语，以防造成误解： A lot of money suddenly came in without asking for it. （在asking前应加上my或其他名词或代词） Your son must finish a high school course before sending him to college. （在 sending前要加 you

11、r） On entering the room，something wonderful presented itself. （在 entering前要加 his或其他名词或代词）3）在动名词必须表明它是谁的动作时，通常要在它前面加一个 Johns，my mothers，his这类所有格的词，作为它正式意义上的主语。不过有时可用一个普通格的词如 John，my mother，him来代替。一般说来，用所有格形式（P）（Possessive）比较正式，用普通格形式（C）（Common Case）比较口语化和强调。使用所有格还是普通格，取决于动名词是作主语、宾语还是补语，也取决于意义上的主语是名词还

12、是代词： a）动名词作主语时，P比C更普通一些，不管意义上的主语是名词还是代词：Johns coming home from abroad is a great event.Childrens learning manners is important.His coming home from abroad is a great event.Their learning manners is important.如果动名词短语由it代表，而意义上的主语为名词，C比P更普通：It is a great event John coming home from abroad.It is import

13、ant children learning manners.另外，在下面几种情况下C比P更普通：1）当意义上的主语是“物”而不是“人”时：I am informed of the examination being very strict.He is fond of coffee being served after dinner.We rejoiced at our troops driving the enemy back across the border.I am reminded of it being Sunday.2）当意义上的主语是一个指示词时：You will oblige

14、me by all standing here.This cannot be said without some getting angry.I am doubtful of this being the best one.3）当意义上的主语由一组词表示时：A dream of all the members of the family living together again has always been in my mind.Old and young studying in the same classroom is a very charming sight.四、 后面可以跟动名词

15、的动词admitdreadanticipateenjoyappreciateescapeavoidexcuseconsiderFancy=imaginedeferfinishdelaydenydetestdislikeloatheresentinvolveKeep=continuerecollectrememberMean=involvemindmissresistforgivepardonriskpostponePractise/practiceStop=ceasepreventsuggestproposeunderstandsaveforbidconfessadvocate五、 连接动名词的词组cant stand（= endure）， cant help， it is no usegood以及形容词worth后面He admitted taking the money他承认拿了那笔钱。Avoid over-eating要避免暴饮暴食。Would you consider selling the property？你愿考虑卖出这产业吗？He detests writing le