高考英语名词性从句讲解Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、 三、基础知识学习：主语从句: 主语从句是在复合句中代替作主语的名词, 充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.that 引导的主语从句句首That a round-trip to Mars would take more than a year and a half is estimated.That he misunderstood me is obvious.That引导主语从句，放句首，不做任何成分，不可省略。用形式主语it来引导句子A. that引导主语从句放句首时，有时会为了避免头重脚轻，保持句子平衡，常用it做形式主语，把真正的tha

2、t引导的主语从句放句后。It is strange that he made no answer.It is known to all that the earth is round.B. 用it做形式主语的主语从句结构注意：. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：isapitythatyoudidntgotoseethefilm.inmorningmurdertookplace. w

3、hoever, whatever, whichever等词可以引导主语从句, 但no matter who, no matter what 等不能.Whoever breaks the school rules must be punished.试比较：Whoever breaks the schools rules, he must be punished. =No matter who breaks the school rules, he must be punished.1、It + be + 名词 + that从句 It is a fact that-事实上 It is a pity

4、 that-可惜的是 It is a question that-是个问题 It is a honor that-非常荣幸 It is a shame that-真是可耻 It is common knowledge that-毫不奇怪的是2、It + be + adj. + that从句 It is certain that-很肯定 It is natural that-很自然 It is obvious that-很显然 It is clear/evident that-很清楚 It is fortunate that-很幸运 It is better that-最好 It is like

5、ly/ probably/ possible that-很有可能3、It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句 It is said that-据说 It is believed that-人们认为 It is reported that-据报道 It is not known that-.不为人知 It is to be discussed that要讨论 It has been proved that-已证明 It must be pointed out that-必须指出 It is estimated that-据估计4、It + 动词 + that从句 It seems tha

6、t-好像是 It happened that-碰巧 It turned out that-结果 It follows that-由此可见 It matters that-要紧的是 It occurred to me that-我想到 It struck me that-我想到5、 主语从句中的虚拟语气It is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted， desirable, advisable, imperative.that-clause It is important, necessary,

7、 natural, strangethat-clauseIt is a pity, a shame, no wonderthat-clause Is it necessary that he （should） take the examination?It is strange that he （should） tell you this. A. would tell 2. wh-引导的主语从句How the prisoner escaped is a mystery.What he need is more experience.It has not been decided yet whe

8、ther she will go by bus or by train.It is not very clear what they are talking about.活学活用一1. It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life. 2. you cant make great progress in the language learning has something to do with your vocabula

9、ry.3. It has come to be realized _ particular matters in the air expose us to lifes real danger. 4. _ I cant understand is why the illegal cooking oil, mostly made from discarded （被弃的）kitchen waste, is difficult to detect and identify efficiently. 5. _ countries having great difficulties in economy

10、right now need most of all is financial aid rather than lecturing. 2）表语从句：表语从句和主语指同一内容，它对主语进行解释说明，使主语的内容具体化。表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语，一般结构是“主语十连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。1. Theproblemmillionsofpeopledieillnessescausedbysmoking. 2. Thequestionremainswhetherwecanwinpeople.1. that 引导的表语从

11、句The fact is that he didnt notice the car till too late.One advantage of living in the country is that one can get close to nature.2. wh- 疑问词引导的表语从句The problem is how we can keep in touch with them.This was why the complained about the assignments. 表语从句注意点（1） 表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.（2） 表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省

12、略.（3） 表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if 引导.（4） 不要使用 The reason is because that 句型, 应使用 The reason is that 或 This / it /that/is because等句型.（5） 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。My idea is that we （should） get more people to attend the confere

13、nce.I make a proposal that we （should） hold a meeting next week.活学活用二1. Its not important whether you win or not. What really matters is _ you play the game. 2. The question to be discussed is _ we can make our efforts rewarded. 3. “Giving is _ fuels us,” says Mycoskie. “Giving is our future. Its th

14、e centre of our business, and its time we celebrate it.” 3） 同位语从句同位语从句是与先行词同位或同等的从句，先行词常为名词如news, fact, truth, conclusion, hope, decision, belief, opinion, view, feeling, suggestion, proposal, etc.同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?Give

15、me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15, 2003.1. that引导的同位语从句有些名词的后面可以接that引导的同位语从句：We came to the decision that we must act at once.He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone.There was little hope that he w

16、ould survive.The fact that his health is falling is not true.I doubt the report that the ship sank on its first voyage.以下名词常用于以上句型：advice, announcement, argument, belief, claim, conclusion, decision, evidence, explanation, fact, feeling, hope, idea, impression, information, knowledge, message, news,

17、 opinion, order, probability, promise, proposal, remark, reply, report, saying, statement, suggestion, thought, warning, wish, word2. wh-引导的同位语从句I have no idea how soon they are coming.Have you any idea where there are having a rehearsal?3. 同位语从句的割裂有时同位语从句不是紧跟在与之同位的名词之后，而是被某些成分隔开。Evidence that he co

18、mmitted the crime came up.Evidence came up that he committed the crime.Word came that their team had won the match. draw come to a conclusion arrive at reach The conclusion that/ which/ X the police came to that Tom committed the crime didnt satisfy us. 4. 同位语从句的虚拟语气在suggestion, advice, request, ord

19、er等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。Our teacher gave us some advice how we （should） use the computer.The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule （should） be adopted.活学活用三1. Evidence came up _ specific speech sounds were recognized by infants as young as

20、two months old. 2. Many experts stick to the view _teacher development is the key to the education quality. 3.The long-held belief _ certain foods increase intelligence has turned out to be a disappointment. 4.When it comes to mental health, the fact is sometimes neglected _ more and more teachers a

21、re under great pressure. 5. More teens begin to realize the basic principle _ there is more to a person than physical beauty.4） 宾语从句1. that引导的宾语从句（that可省略）I hope that you will enjoy your stay here.（suggest, demand, insist, order 虚拟） suggest that sb. （should） do2. wh-引导的宾语从句She asked what second lang

22、uage I was studying then.I wonder if/ whether there is any need to spend so much money on the party.She will write a book on how young mothers should raise their babies.3. 宾语从句的语序：陈述句（连接词+主语+谓语）He asked what had happened. He didnt know what was the matter/ what was wrong.4. 两个宾语从句And/ but 两个that分别同时

23、作句子的宾语时，第二个that通常不省略。He said （that） and thatThey believed （that） land did not belong to people but that people belong to land.5. doubt后面的从句doubt（肯定） + whether/ wh-/ when dont doubt + that There is no doubt that 6. 介词后面的宾语从句that通常不能跟在介词后面做宾语，但是在介词in, except, besides, but, save 之后可跟that从句。in that （因为，

24、在方面），except that （除了）, besides that （除了）, but that （要不是）, save that （除了）, etc.I know nothing about the man except that he is an Indian.Criticism is necessary in that it helps to correct our mistakes.7. 宾语从句的疑问词提前 Do you know how hold I am?How old do you think I am?do you think, do you suggest, do yo

25、u imagine, do you expect, do you guess, do you assume, etc.What do you suppose we should do with the pollution?8）宾语从句中的虚拟语气: 在动词 （大都表示“要求、建议、命令”意义）suggest, order, demand, request, desire, insist, require, decide, determine, advise, recommend, deserve （值得提及） 后需用 should 型的虚拟语气。he teacher demanded that

26、 the work （should） be finished before 4 oclock.He suggested that she （should） have an operation at once. 注意suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示“坚持认为”之意时，主从句时态相应一致，不用虚拟语气。What he said suggested he was a doctor.He insisted that what he said was right. 活学活用四1. It is not alwayss easy for the public to see _ u

27、se a new invention can be of to human life.2. It even leaves the scientists in wonder _ they should call the newly-born creature, which looks half-human and half-animal. 3. Many skilled workers were organized to clear away _ remained in the World Expo site. 4. Consumers are getting more sensible and

28、 buy only _ they need in spite of all the advertisements they see. 5. Chinese medical experts have warned _ antibiotics（抗生素） have been “heavily overused” at hospitals, which might cause serious side-effects. 6.The manager seems never to be satisfied with _ the company has achieved. 7. The manager will put _ he thinks has a strong sense of duty in the leadership position. 8. Deep in the Atlantic Ocean, explorers have found may be the most valuable sunken treasure in history. 9. Recently, the Chinese government gave some examples of _ Dalai Lamas visiting foreign