冲刺高考英语语法讲解与练习 名词性从句Word下载.docx

1、,常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面.例如:It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾.It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.他们是否今天去购物还得看天气情况.这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:1）It is + adj. / n. +从句It is a pity/shame that.遗憾的是It is possible that.很可能It is unlikely that.不可能2）It +不及物动词+从句It seems/

2、appears that.似乎It happened that.碰巧3）It + be +过去分词+从句It is said that.据说It is known to all that.众所周知It is reported that.据报道It is believed that.据信;人们相信It is suggested that.有人建议It must be pointed out that.必须指出It has been proved that.已证明.例如:It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged o

3、r destroyed.据信,至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉.It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.有人建议会议延期召开.Its reported that three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly.据报道,事故中三人丧生,五人重伤.It is known to all that Taiwan is an inseparable part of China.众所周知,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分.巩固练习1. Does _ matter i

4、f he cant finish the job on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. which B. that C. if D. for3. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It二、学习主语从句应该注意的几个问题1）引导词that与whatwhat既有引导主语从句的作用,同时又在从

5、句中作句子成分（主语、宾语、表语等）.这时what相当于all that/everything that.,常译成所的（东西、事情、话等.）;而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不担当任何句子成分.但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that.例如:What is done cant be undone. （谚语）已成定局,无可挽回.What we cant get seems better than what we have.我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的要好.That we should work out a plan to deal with the present

6、 serious situation is important.我们应该制定一项计划来应付目前严峻的形势,这一点非常重要.That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.一位新老师将来教我们地理,这是真的.4. _ what they told me really true?A. Has B. Is C. Does D. Have5. It matters little _ a man dies, but _ matters much is _ he lives.A. how; what; how B. how; it; h

7、ow C. why; why D. that; that6. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why;7. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D.

8、how8. _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which9. -What made her parents so angry?- _ she had failed in the examination.A. As B. Because C. Since D. That2）引导词if和whetherif和whether引导动词后的宾语从句时一般可通用,但介词后的宾语从句、主语从句（放在句

9、首时）、表语从句常由whether引导.例如:Whether she will go home or not is unknown.她是否回家还不得而知. Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.我们是养鸭还是养鹅仍没决定.=It remains to be decided whether/if we shall raise ducks or geese.但我们不能说If we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.10. _ well go campin

10、g tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 3）其它引导词连接代词who, which, whom, whose有各自的意义,起连接作用,并在从句中充当语、宾语、表语、定语等;连接副词when,where, why, how等有各自的意义,起连接作用,并在从句中充当状语.11. -Do you remember _ he came?-Yes, I do. He came by car.A. how B. when C. that D. if12. It was a matter of _ would

11、take the position. A. who B. whose C. whom D. whomever13. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that _ you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. what D. where14. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was?A. where B. what C. how D. which三、语气在It is necessary / natural /

12、 important / strange.+ that-clause这类句型里,that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词用should +原形,表虚似语气.例如:It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once.这个问题必须马上解决.s strange that he should have gone away without telling us.他竟然没向我们说一声就走了,真是奇怪.15. It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language.

13、A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master四、以it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句型的区别It be + adj./n. + that-clause与强调句型均有It be.that.之类的语言标志,但不同的是:前者中的that从句是主语从句.若删掉其中的It be和that,则剩余部分不论结构还是语意都不能成为一个句子;但若将后者中的It be和that去掉,则剩余部分的结构和语意仍能构成一个完整的句子.强调句型译为汉语时可加上正是或就是之类的字眼,而主语从句则不可以.请比较下面两个句子:It is surprising tha

14、t Mary should have won first place.令人惊奇的是玛莉竟然获得了第一名.It is Mary that has won first place.正是玛莉得了第一名.第一句话中的It是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句.句中的It is和that无法删除,一旦删除句子就不成立.第二句是强调句型,其中的It is和that可以去掉,因为没有It is和that句子仍然很通顺.Key: 1-5 DBDBA 6-10 ACBDB 11-15 AAADB 2. 宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作

15、谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think （that） we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意：在demand、ord

16、er、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。I insist that she （should） do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops （should） set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, wha

17、tever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情

18、况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。

19、I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）I know （that） he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）he has studied

20、 English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I don

21、t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。3. 表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。（一）表语从句的引导词 引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether，连接代词和连接副词，关系代词型what，以及as if, as though, because等连词。1. 由that引导 The fact is that he doesnt really try. 事实是他没有做真正的努力。The trouble is tha

22、t I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建议是我们应该告诉他。His sole requirement was （is） that the system work. 他唯一的要求是这个制度能起作用。My idea is that we should start making preparations right now. 我的意见是我们马上就开始做准备工作。2. 由whether引导 The question is whether the film is worth

23、seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。3. 由连接代词引导 You are not who I thought you were. 你已不是我过去所想像的人。The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。The question is who （m） we should trust. 问题是我们应当相信谁。What I want to know is which road we should take. 我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。4

24、. 由连接副词引导 The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。That was when I was fifteen. 这是我15岁时发生的事。Thats where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。Thats why he didnt come. 这就是他没有来的缘故。Thats why I object to the plan. 这就是我反对这个计划的原因。Thats where you are wrong. 这就是你不对的地方。5. 由关系代词型what引导 Thats what I want to str

25、ess. 这是我想强调的。Thats what we are here for. 我们来这里就为了这个。Fame and personal gain is what theyre after. 他们追求的是名利。He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的他了。6. 由as if / as though引导 It isnt as if you were going away for ever. 又不是你离开不回来了。Now it was as though she had known Millie for years. 现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。It i

26、s not as though we were poor. 又不是我们家里穷。7. 由because引导 It is because I love you too much. 那是因为我太爱你了。Thats because you cant appreciate music. 这是因为你不能欣赏音乐。If Im a bit sleepy, its because I was upall night. 如果我有点困，是因为一夜没睡。Its because I passed a slip of paper for John to Helen in class. 这是因为我在上课中替约翰传纸条给海伦

27、。【注意】because 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的since, as, for等也不用于引导表语从句。（二）、连词that的省略问题 引导表语从句的that通常不省略，但在口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略：My idea is （that） we should do it right away. 我的意见是我们应该马上干。The trouble is （that） he is ill. 糟糕的是他病了。4. 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、informa

28、tion、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。）一）、同位语从句的引导词 引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。1. 由that引导We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow