1、在过去的几年中我的身心都成长了。句中时间状语是in the past few years,故谓语动词用现在完成时。4(2016全国卷)I thought it a good idea.It does not cost much,yet we can still learn a lot. _thoughtthink_ 我认为这是个好主意,不需要花费很多钱我们也能学到很多。根据后面句中的谓语动词is,does,和can可推断出该处表示的是现在的看法而非过去的看法,故thought改为think。think的过去式和过去分词形式分别是thougth,thought。5(2015全国卷)Tony wa
2、s scared and begun to cry. _begunbegan_ 托尼害怕了,开始哭起来。根据and前的谓语动词was scared可知动词begin应用一般过去式。begin的过去式、过去分词和现在分词形式分别是began,begun,beginning。【名师点睛】上下文中时态应一致:若上文是一般过去时则同样用一般过去时,若上文是一般现在时,则同样用一般现在时。在简单句中,谓语动词的时态要与时间状语一致;并列谓语动词的时态应一致。不规则动词的过去式和过去分词形式易用混。如began用作begun,gave用作given等。设错点2语态误用6(2017全国卷)About one
3、 month after this photo was took,I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club. _tooktaken_ 7(2016全国卷)Every day,he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. _usingused_ 每天他都保证使用新鲜的蔬菜和优质油烹调。主语fresh vegetables and high qualit
4、y oil与use是被动关系,应用被动语态。 8(2015全国卷)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. _去掉been_ 许多研究表明全球变暖早已是个非常严重的问题。主语studies与show是主动关系,应用主动语态,故去掉been。被动语态的构成形式:一般时be done;进行时be being done;完成时has/have/had been done。及物动词(短语)之后若无宾语应用被动语态;不及物动词(短语)无被动语态。“情态动词b
5、e过去分词”结构中be动词不可遗漏。设错点3谓语动词单复数的误判9(2016浙江卷)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us. _waswere_ 他总是问我们是谁并假装不认识我们。句中主语是we,是第一人称复数形式,故谓语用复数形式,故was改为were。10(2015全国卷)My dream school look like a big garden.There are all kinds of flowers and trees. _looklooks_ 主语是单数形式,谓语动词就用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词就用复数形式
6、。倒装句中谓语的数与其后的主语的数一致。设错点4情态动词和虚拟语气的错用11(2016课标全国)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip. _chosechoose_ 情态动词can后应用动词原形,而chose为choose的过去式,故将chose改为choose。choose的过去式和过去分词形式分别是chose,chosen。12(2016课标全国)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. _去掉can或canshould_ sugges
7、t作为“建议”讲时,其后接的宾语从句谓语通常用“(should)动词原形”,故此处可去掉can或将can改为should。设错点5形容词、副词之间的误用、同根形容词与名词的误用全国卷)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road. _suddenlysudden_ 我如释重负,并在路中间紧急刹车。suddenly是副词,表示“意外地;忽然地”。sudden为形容词,表示“突然的;迅速的”,修饰名词stop。come to a sudden stop“突然停下”。 故将suddenly改为
8、sudden。全国卷)I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes,playing pop music,and collecting the latest music albums. _differencedifferent_ 我喜欢研究各种汽车和飞机、弹奏流行音乐,收集最新唱片。修饰名词kinds应用形容词。different kinds of表“各种各样的”。3(2016全国卷)Instead,he hopes that his business will grow steady. _steadysteadily_ 全国卷)M
9、y uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. _honesthonesty_ 我的叔叔告诉我他成功的关键是诚实。 系动词之后的表语说明主语key是“什么”,应用名词。honest“诚实的”,是形容词;honesty“诚实”,是名词。1利用词类的用法确定用词名词前和系动词后应用形容词,行为动词前后、形容词前、过去分词前、句首和句尾等时应用副词。系动词后作表语表“的”之意时用形容词而不用副词或名词。作表语,说明主语是“什么”,应用名词。2在改正过程中尤其注意改正词的拼写,如某个形容词变副词时,是去掉最后一个字母再加ly或直接加ly等
10、。设错点6义近词和形近词的误用5(2017全国卷)A few minutes late,the instructor asked me to stop the car. _latelater_ 几分钟之后,教练让我停车。作形容词的时候,later是late的比较级,如:Their deadline is quite late.Ours is even later.(他们的截止日期很迟,我们的更迟。)作副词的时候,late意为“迟”;later意为“稍后;随后”。故将 late改为later。全国卷)Beside,they often get some useful information fr
11、om the Internet. _BesideBesides_ besides表“另外”,常用在句首,表示与上文的递进关系。beside是介词,意为“在旁边”,后接宾语。根据语境可知此处应用besides。late/lately/later/latest是改错中常设考点,注意区别。hard/hardly; beside/besides; close/closely等也是改错中常考的。设错点7原级与比较等级或最高级的误用7(2017全国卷)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. _earlierearly_ 他们
12、一起早起浇菜。此处无比较对象和比较意义,用原级表示“早”。get up early“起得早”。early可作形容词也可作副词。8(2016全国卷)They were also the best and worse years in my life. _worseworst_ 两者比较用比较级,三者或三者以上比较用最高级。形空词perfect,favorite,excellent,superior,top等无比较级或最高级。设错点8名词的单复数形式的误用9(2017全国卷)The instructor kept repeating the word,“Speed up!” “Slow down!
13、” _wordwords_ 此句中word意为“话语;言语”,为可数名词,指代后文中的“Speed up!”,故应用复数形式。word表示“消息;诺言”时,无复数形式。10(2016全国卷)If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. _knowledgesknowledge_ 如果到国外旅行,我们既能开阔视野又能获得书本上得不到的知识。knowledge作“知识”讲时,通常情况下为表示抽象意义的名词,是不可数名词。knowledge前面偶尔可加不
14、定冠词a,表示“某方面特定的知识”,构成“aadj.knowledgeofn.”,如a thorough knowledge of the English language。全国卷)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. _yearyears_ 由语境可知,13岁至19岁有很多年,所以可数名词year应用复数形式years。【特别提醒】解答此类题时,考生可以从以下两个方面入手:(1)查看名词前后的修饰词,若有超过1的基数词修饰,如three,many,a few,several,a couple或表
15、示复数的介词短语(如本题)等,名词要用复数形式;(2)查看谓语动词的形式,若谓语动词为are,were,have等,作主语的名词要用复数形式。不可数名词如fun,furniture,information,progress,health,advice,knowledge,weather等没有复数形式;同一个名词如experience,possession等有可数和不可数的用法。利用名词的修饰语和谓语动词确定名词的单复数是否正确。设错点9冠词的错用、多用或漏用全国卷)They live far from the school,and it takes them about a hour and
16、a half to go to work every day. _aan/one_ 2(2016全国卷)But in that case,we will learn little about world. _在world前加the_ world意为“世界”,其前通常加定冠词the,表示特指。全国卷)At the first,I thought I knew everything. _去掉the_ at first“起初;首先”,是固定短语。浙江卷)Every time he arrived home at end of the day,wed greet her at the door. _在
17、end前加the_ at the end of.是固定搭配,意为“在结束的时候;在尽头”,判断一个单词前用不定冠词a还是an,要看该词的发音,而不是看该词的首字母。在useful,European,university等词之前用不定冠词a。在honest,honour,hour,umbrella等词之前用an。复数名词表特指时用the。可数名词复数或不可数名词表泛指时不用冠词。单数可数名词前按照特指或泛指用an/a或the。设错点10数词基本用法的误用全国卷)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday,I took driving
18、lessons. _eighteeneighteenth_ 全国卷)I still remember how hard first day was. _first前加the/my_ 序数词前要用定冠词the或形容词性物主代词修饰。序数词前通常用定冠词或形容词性物主代词修饰。“in ones基数词的复数形式”表“在某人几十多岁时”。设错点11介词的误用、多用或漏用全国卷)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. _onof_ in the middle of意为“在的中间”,故把on改为
19、of。此处为“道路的中央”,表示所属关系,而on后跟地点表示“在上面”。8(2017全国卷)They have also bought for some gardening tools. _去掉第二个for_ 英语中动词分及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词后直接跟宾语。buy的搭配有buy sb.sth.和buy sth.for sb.,考生受到干扰容易用错。类似短语有make sb.sth./ make sth.for sb.。全国卷)When I look at this picture of myself,I realize of how fast time flies. _去掉第二个of_
20、 realize为及物动词,可以直接跟宾语。考生易受含of的短语hear of(听说);learn of(了解到);think of(想起);dream of(梦见); talk of(谈起)等的影响,不易发现此处的错误。全国卷)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time. _dreams后加of/about_ 我叔叔说,他从没梦想过在短期内变富。dream of/about (doing) sth.为固定搭配,意为“梦想做某事”。in addition,in addition to,as
21、 well as,as well,as a result,as a result of带宾语和不带宾语时用法不同。及物动词后不加介词,常见的有enter,reach,approach,marry,discuss等;不及物动词如agree,arrive,graduate等后接宾语时需加介词。this,that,every,last,next构成的时间状语前无需加介词。设错点12代词指代对象不一致11(2017全国卷)When I look at this picture of myself,.This picture often brings back to me many happy memo
22、ries of your high school days. _yourmy_ 此处介绍的是我的故事,因此这里应该是我高中时期的回忆。上下文的人称应该保持一致。全国卷)If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden your view. _yourour_ 13(2016全国卷)I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. _yourselfmyself_ by oneself“独自地;单独地”,句子主语是第一人称单数I,因此将yourself改为myself。用反身代词时,
23、其人称和数要与所指代的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。要根据上下文确定人称代词的单复数及上下文指代是否一致。形容词性物主代词修饰名词不能单独使用;名词性物主代词相当于名词,不能修饰名词。设错点13并列连词的错用、缺失或多余全国卷)I had grown not only physically,and also mentally in the past few years. _andbut_ 此处表示过去几年里,我不仅身体上成长了,而且思想上也成长了。not only.but also.为固定搭配。考生要熟记neither.nor.,either.or.,not.but.等的基本含义。全国卷)B
24、efore getting into the car,I thought I had learned the instructors orders,so once I started the car,my mind went blank. _sobut/yet_ 上车前我认为自己领会了教练的命令,但是一旦启动汽车,我的大脑一片空白。根据语境可知,此处前后句存在转折关系。so是表示因果关系的并列连词,应该改成表示转折关系的并列连词but或者yet。全国卷)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are u
25、sed for cooking. _orand_ 本句为肯定句,fresh vegetables和high quality oil是并列关系,应用and连接。分析句与句之间的关系和相应的标点符号确定是否缺少、多余或用错并列连词。表并列、选择或转折关系用并列连词and,or或but/yet。表前因后果的关系用so。表前果后因的关系用for。while表“对比”,when表“就在这时”。设错点14定语从句关系词的错用或缺失4(2017全国卷)In their spare time,they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden,
26、that is on the rooftop of their house. _thatwhich或删what_ 5(2016四川卷)The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite. _whatthat/which或删去what_ 先行词为the dishes,且定语从句中cooked后面缺少宾语,故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。因其在从句中作宾语,故也可省略关系代词。先行词指人时不能用which,whom只作宾语。在介词或逗号后不可以用that引导定语从句。what不能引导定语从句。先行词表时间或地点,在从句中作主语或宾语时,用that/
27、which;作状语用when,where。设错点15名词性从句连接词的错用、缺失或多余6(2016全国卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. _thatwhere_ 连接词在此引导宾语从句且在从句中作地点状语,故用where。7(2015全国卷)After looks at the toy for some time,he turned around and found where his parents were missing. _wherethat或去掉where_ found后面接的宾语从句结构和意义均完整,故用that引导宾语从句,或去掉where。that与其他连接词的重复使用在改错中常出现,应注意分析。一般句意完整只缺引导词用that,否则根据句意及连接词本意选用合适的连接词。设错点16状语从句连接词的错用、缺失或多余全国卷)I was so much nervou
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