上海中考一模专题五大英语必考语法Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后，他是否还住在这里。（3）连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose（在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语）连接副词：where, when, how, why（在宾语从句中做状语）The small children donwhat is in their stockings（what 在宾语从句中做主语）这些小孩子不知道什么在他们的长筒袜里。Could you tell mewhy you were late for the meeting thi

2、s morning？（why 在宾语从句中做原因状语）你能告诉我为什么你今天早上开会迟到吗？4. 在做宾语从句的题目时应注意两点（1）时态当主句是现在时态时，宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。t know when he will come back我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。当主句是过去时态时，宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。He said that he could fini

3、sh his work before supper他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时，任何时候都用一般现在时。The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说过地球绕着太阳转。（2）语序任何从句都使用陈述句语序，宾语从句当然也不例外。三、练习1. Can you tell me_ _ you held your birthday party, Betty?A. whoB. what C. whenD. that答案：C2. I don t know_ they have passed the exam

4、yesterday. whatB. ifC. when D. whereB3. I cant understand _ he told me before. thatC. whichD. who4. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. whether B. where C. what D. whenA5. He asked me _ told me the accident. whomB. which C. whoD. whose6. I dont know _ he still lives here after so

5、many years.A. whetherB. whereC. whatD. when7. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A. whatB. whenC. whyD. how8. He asked me _told me the accident.A. whom B. whichC. who9. They dont know _their parents are.A. that C. whyD. whichD10. I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us.He will help

6、 us with our English.A. whyC. how11.We never know _ the old man is.They say he is a teacher.B. who C. whichD. where12. Where is Jack? He is away to spend his holiday. Hes gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but Im not sure _.C. whereD. there二现在完成时1. 现在完成时的基本结构肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他否定句：主语+have/h

7、as+not+动词的过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）2. 现在完成时的用法（1）现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。I have already posted the photo.我已经邮寄出了照片。与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语，如already（肯定句句中）, yet（否定句句句尾）, just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。

8、（2）现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻，持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。（动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。此种用法常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。谓语动词必须是延续性动词。有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词：go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead buy-have fall ill-be ill come back-be back catch a cold-hav

9、e a cold3. 现在完成时常见考法对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查“瞬间动词”不能与表示一段时间的状语连用”这一知识点。【典型例题】His father_the party since 1978A.joined B.has joined C.was in D.has been in解析：本题考查学生对现在完成时的熟练掌握。 since 1978表达“自从1978年一直到现在”，表示这件事情从过去一直持续到现在，应该用现在完成时，而且动词必须是延续性动词，A、B均为瞬间动词，

10、不能与时间段连用，故排除；C为一般过去时，也不行。4. 比较一般过去时和现在完成时的异同（1）共同点：动作都是在过去完成。I saw the film yesterday evening.I have seen the film before.（看电影这件事都是在过去完成的。（2）区别：现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果，而一般过去时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。一般过去时通常与具体明确的过去时间状语连用。如yesterday, last week , two years ago，just now，in 2002 等；而现在完成时则常与 just ,alrea

11、dy ,ever ,never 等模糊的过去时间状语和 these days ,this week ,since., for. 等表示一段时间的状语连用。【典型例题】_ youyour homework yet ?Yes . I _ it a moment ago .A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ;C.Have ; have finished本题考查一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别。问句中的yet表明应该用现在完成时，而回答中的a moment ago 是一个明确的过去时间状语，应该用一般过去时。练习：句型转换1、Miss Gao left an ho

12、ur ago. （同义句转换） Miss Gao _ _ _ an hour ago.2、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .3、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同义句转换） _ two years _ the Green family moved to France.4、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago

13、. （把两个句子合并成一个句子） keys： 1、has been away2、joined；ago 3、It is, since4、The bus has been here for ten minutes.二、用适当的时态填空1. Both of them _（be） in Hong Kong for ten days.2. _you _（find） your watch yet?3. Are you thirsty? -No, I _just _ （have） some orange.Keys: 1. have been 2. Have , found 3. have , had 4.

14、havent finishedExercise 2 Fill the blanks with “have（has）gone to”or”have（has）been toin”. 1. How long you Australia?2. Your mother isnt in the office. She the airport to see your father off.3. She tells me that she China twice.4. A: Where are the Browns? B: They （go）to Canada for holiday. 1.have been

15、 in Have（has） been in 表示在某处待了一段时间，可能回了也可能未回。2. has gone to Have（has）gone to 表示已经去了某处，人还未回不在说话现场。3. has been to Have（has）been to 表示曾经去过某处，现在人回来了。4. have gone to Have（has） gone to 表示已经去了某处，不在说话现场。Exercise 3 Rewrite the sentences as required:1. My mother went to Beijing last week, and she hasnt come ba

16、ck yet.（保持句意不变） My mother Beijing.2. The TV show began 10 minutes ago.（保持句意不变）The TV show for ten minutes.3. Adam left for Hong Kong the week before last. He is still in Hong Kong now.（保持句意不变）Adam Hong Kong for about three weeks.4. She has left Shanghai, she started the week before last.（保持句意不变）She

17、has Shanghai for about three weeks.5. We came to this school three years ago.（保持句意不变）We this school for three years.6. The old man died six months ago.（保持句意不变）The old man six months.7. Kate borrowed the dictionary three weeks ago.（保持句意不变）Kate the dictionary three weeks ago.8. Tommy joined the basket

18、ball team two years ago.（保持句意不变）Tommy the basketball team two years.9. He has been in the army for five years.（保持句意不变）It has been five years he the army.10. I bought a dictionary from the book store two weeks ago.（保持句意不变）I a dictionary from the book store for two weeks.1.has gone to 我的妈妈上周去了北京还没有回来。

19、已经去了某处人还未回，不在说话现场，用has gone to.2. has been on 现在完成时中，短暂性动词不能与一段时间连用，要把短暂性动词变成延续性动词。began属于短暂性动词，所以要用延续性动词代替，用be on.3. has been in 已经去了香港现在人还在那，用has gone to.4. been away from left 是leave 的过去式，leave 属于短暂性动词，要用延续性动词代替，即用be away from代替。5. have been at came是come 的过去式，come同样是短暂性动词，要用延续性动词be in 或是be at代替，因

20、为school 是小地点，所以用be at.6. has been dead for die是短暂性动词，要把它变成延续性动词be dead. 后面是six months是一段时间所以要用for.7. has kept since borrow 是短暂性动词，要用延续性动词keep代替。自从以前用since+一段时间+ago.8. has been on for Join 是短暂性动词，它的延续性动词是be on 或者是be in.加入某个组织，聚会，俱乐部用be in, 加入某个团队用be on.9. since joined It is +时间段+since表示“自从已经多长时间了”10.

21、 have kept bought 是buy的过去式，buy是短暂性动词，它的延续性动词是keep,现在完成时的结构：have（has）+动词的过去分词三被动语态被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，助动词be有时态，人称和数的变化。被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。1. 各种时态的被动语态结构如下：一般现在时的被动语态：主语am / is / are （not）过去分词一般过去时的被动语态：主语was / were 过去分词现在完成时的被动语态：主语have / has been 过去分词一般将来时的被动语态：主语wil

22、l be 过去分词过去将来时的被动语态：主语would / should + be 过去分词过去进行时的被动语态：主语was / were + being 过去分词过去完成时的被动语态：主语had + been +过去分词情态动词的被动语态：情态动词be过去分词2. 被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用by动作执行者短语。Football is played widely all over the world.全世界都广泛地踢足球。（2）强调动作的承受者。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon.昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。（3）作

23、客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型。It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。3. 主动语态的句子变为被动语态的步骤（1）把原句中的宾语变为主语（2）动词改为被动形式,即be+过去分词（3）原来的主语，如果需要的话，放在by后面；如果没必要，可省略。被动语态练习之选择（ ）1. The lost child _in the park by the police yesterday. A） found B）was found C）is found D） wasbe+

24、过去分词表被动“was found 表示被找到”（ ）2. English _in Canada.A） speaks B） are spoken C） is speaking D） is spokenbe+过去分词表被动“is spoken 表示被讲”（ ）3. This English song_ at school parties.A） often sings B）often sang C）is often sang D） is often sungbe+过去分词表被动，is often sung 表示经常被唱（ ） 4. This kind of car_ in Japan.A） mak

25、es B） made C） is making D） is madebe+过去分词表被动， is made 表示被制造（ ） 5. 3G technology_ all over the world nowadays.A） is used B）are using C） are used D） have usedbe+过去分词表被动 is used 表示被用（ ） 6. Our room must_ clean.A） keep B）be kept C） to be kept D）to keepbe+过去分词表被动， be kept 表示被保持， must 后面要用动词原形（ ）7. -Id like to buy that coat.-I m sorry._. A） It sold B）Its selling C） Its been sold D） It had been soldbe+过去分词表被动，Its been sold表示已经被告诉过（ ）8. A new house_ at the corner of the road.A）is building B）is being built C） been built D） be building