Unit 2 Cloning Section II Learning about the language 导学案人教选修8精品Word格式.docx

1、2. A car suddenly shot out of a _ and nearly hit me. 有一辆汽车冷不防从岔道上冲出，险些撞着我。 3. You _ a holiday.你应该休息一天。4. You should _ for being late.你应该就迟到这件事向老师道歉。5. Linda was very _ the result of the exam.琳达对考试结果很满意。6. No one dared to _ the principal.没有人敢对校长提出反对意见。7. At last， he _ to challenge himself and partici

2、pate in the competition.最终，他下定决心要挑战自我参加那个竞赛。8. Every male citizen should _ according to the Korean Constitution.根据韩国宪法，每一个男性公民都应该服兵役。9. It is reported that a new round of financial crisis is just _.据报道，新一轮的金融危机只是迟早的事。10. To our disappointment， our plan _. 令我们失望的是，我们的计划以失败告终。二、语法突破：同位语与同位语从句（一）同位语同位语

3、是句子成分的一种。它位于名词、代词后面，说明他们的性质和情况。同位语常由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。1. 名词作同位语 （1） Influenza， a common disease， has no cure. 流行性感冒是一种常见病，无特效药。 （2） Laura Myers， a BBC reporter， asked for an interview. 劳拉迈尔，BBC的记者，要求采访。2. 代词作同位语 （1） I myself will do the experiment. 我将亲自做这项实验。（2） We all have a common desire to become

4、qualified teachers.我们都有一个共同的愿望，那就是成为合格的老师。3. 数词作同位语 （1） Are you two reading？ 你们二人在看书吗？ （2） They three joined the school team. 他们3人参加了校队。（二）同位语从句在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。它一般放在fact， news， idea， truth， hope， problem， information， belief， thought， doubt， promise， question等名词的后面，对前

5、面的名词做进一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that， which， who， whom，连接副词how， when， where， whether等。例如：（1） How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didnt feel the new clothes on him？皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的？ （2） I have no idea which wine is bestits a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪种酒最好，这是个人口味的

6、问题。（which作定语）（3） We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。【注意1】 在某些名词（如demand， wish， suggestion， resolution等）后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如：（1） The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。（2） The resolution that w

7、omen be allowed to join the society was carried. 允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。【注意2】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。（whether“是否”可以引导：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句。）（if“是否”，只能引导宾语从句和表语从句，不能引导放在句首的主语从句。We are now investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们正在调查他是否可以信任的问题。【注意3】同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面， 而是被别的词隔开， 以使得整个句子的结

8、构显得平衡。（1） He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那里获知了运动会被推迟的消息。（2） Word came that Hussein had been captured. 侯赛因已被捕的消息传来。请把下列各题中的两句话合并成一句含有同位语从句的一句话。1. Dolly the sheep became a scientific breakthrough when the news was announced in 1997The news came that Dolly the sheep

9、had been born._2. A problem bothered scientists.The problem was that Dolly the sheep developed a serious lung disease.3. On 14th February 2003 scientists made a decision.They decided that Dolly should be put to sleep.4. A fact disappointed people the world over.The fact was that Dolly died when she

10、was quite young.5. Scientists hold a belief.They believe that cloning may lead to many important scientific breakthroughs.（三）同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句结构相似， 通常位于某一名词后面， 但两者存在明显区别：1. 从句所修饰词的不同。同位语从句所修饰词通常是少数一些表示抽象意义的名词，如belief， doubt， fact， hope， idea， news， possibility， thought， order， suggestion， wish

11、， answer， information， conclusion， decision， discovery， knowledge， law， opinion， problem， promise， proof， question， report， truth， risk等。定语从句的先行词可以是抽象的，但也可以是指具体的人或物等的名词。（1） We express the hope that they will come to visit China again. （同位语从句）（2） Those who want to go please sign your name here. （定语从句

12、）2. 连接词的作用不同。连接同位语从句的that只起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何句子成分，一般不能省略。连接定语从句的关系代词和关系副词除了有连接从句的作用外，还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语、表语等。常见的引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词有that， which， who， whose， whom， when， where， why， as， than， but等。whether 和 how 可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。（1） I cant believe the reason （that） he gave for his being late.（that在

13、从句中作gave的宾语，可以省略。） （定语从句）（2） Word came that Dolly was ill.（that在从句中不作任何成分，一般不省略。） （同位语从句）3. 从句作用的不同。同位语从句是对名词加以说明，而定语从句是对名词加以限定修饰。（1） I told him the news that I had read on the newspaper. （定语从句）（that从句限定了我告诉他的是我在报纸上读到的那则消息，而不是其他的消息。） （2） We were excited at the news that out team had won. （同位语从句）（tha

14、t从句叙述的是消息的具体内容，内容是“我们队赢了”。即境活用：填入适当的连接词，并判断从句是定语从句还是同位语从句。1. The fact _ he used to be a thief is known to all.2. We were surprised by the fact _ she told us.3. The next thing _ must be done is to make a plan.4. Word came _ our army had won the battle.5. The president has given an order _ everyone in

15、 the country should prepare for a war _ might last for several years.6. Weve just heard a warning on the radio _ a hurricane is likely to come.7. There is no doubt _ he is telling a lie.8. You have no idea _ anxious I was！9. The coat is in the place _ you left it.10. Then arose the question _ we wer

16、e to get the machines needed.三、课后自测（一）基础知识自测 . 单词拼写1. As a student， you should obey school _（规定）.2. The accident happened _（不久） before midday. 3. Jones colleagues arranged a surprise party for her _（退休）.4. Dont lie to your teacher. She is b_ to find out about it.5. O_ to a lack of funds， the project

17、 will not continue next year. 单项选择1. A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.A. if B. that C. when D. which2. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found.A. which B. that C. what D. whether 3. T

18、here is much chance _ Liuxiang will recover from his injury in time for the race. A. that B. which C. until D. if 4. It was at the very beginning that Mr. Fox made the decision _ we send more fire fighters here. A. which B. what C. that D. whether5. We still have a question _ we shall start off.A. w

19、hat B. when C. that D. which 6. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 7. There is a rule in our school _ no one is allowed to wear long hair.A. where B. which C. what D. that8. Word came _ we would have a new English teac

20、her.A. who B. when C. that D. which 9. There are signs _ restaurants are becoming more popular with families in China. A. that B. which C. in which D. whose10. Its thirty years since we last met. But I still remember the story， believe it or not， _ we got lost on a rainy night. A. which B. that C. w

21、hat D. when （二）能力提升自测1. The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. A. what B. which C. that D. though 2. Doris success lies in the fact _ she is cooperative and eager to learn from others. A. which B. that C. when D. why 3. Danby left word with my sec

22、retary _ he would call again in the afternoon.A. who B. that C. as D. which4. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. A. why B. where C. that D. which5. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into

23、 universities. A. while B. when C. that D. as6. I have mended that cup for you. Thanks， but you neednt have _. I bought a new one this morning. A. helped B. required C. wasted D. bothered7. The reason _ he has to go is _ his mother is ill in bed.A. why； why B. why； because C. why； that D. that； beca

24、use8. They received orders _ the work be done right away. A. which B. that C. / D. when9. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need to be improved. A. that B. when C. where D. which 10. You have been working so hard that you are _ to achieve your aim in

25、 the end.A. bound B. about C. sure D. certain11. It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A. that B. what C. how D. when12. The chairman talked _ with everyone for the plane would take off _. A.short； short B.shortly； long before C. shortly； D. short； shortly13. Evidence

26、 has been piled up _ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as five months old. A. what B. which C. when D. that14. The news _ Lincoln was murdered filled the American peoples hearts with deep sorrow. A. how B. when C. that D. which 15. Their _ that their project under way was something entirely new proved to be untrue.A. assumption B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge （三）智能拓展训练I. 阅读理解 Are identical twins identical persons？ Compared to them， do clo