1、1(y3-y1)-(x3-x1) 2, y3=y1+(x3x1)-(y3y1) 2由以上各式可设计出单杆运动分析子程序(见程序单)。 图12. RRR杆组运动分析子程序图2所示RRR级杆组中,杆长l1,l2及两外接转动副中心P1,P2的坐标、速度、加速度分量为x1,x 1,x1,y1,y1,x2,x 2,x2,y2,y 2,y2,要求确定两杆的角度、角速度和角加速度1, 1,1,2,2,2。 1) 位置分析 将已知P1P2两点的坐标差表示为: u=x2x1,v=y2y1 (1) 杆l1及l2投影方程式为: l1cos1l2cos2=u l1sin1-l2sin2=v (2) 消去1得:vsin
2、2+ucos2+c=0 (3)其中:c=(u2+v2+l22-l12)/2l2 解式(3)可得:tan(2/2)=(v)/(uc) (4) 式中+号和-号分别对应图2中m=+1和m=-1两位置. 图2由式(2)可得: tan1=(v+l2sin2)/(u+l2cos2) (5) 2) 速度分析 对式(2)求导一次得:A11+A32=u,A21+A42=v (6)其中:A1=-l1sin1,A2=l1cos1,A3=l3sin2,A4=-l2cos2 解式(6)可得:1=1=(A4uA3v)/D,2=2=(A1v-A2u)/D (7)D=A1A4-A2A3=l1l2sin(12) 3) 加速度分
3、析 对式(6)求导一次得:A11+A32=E,A21+A42=F (8)E=u+A212+A422,F=vA112A322 解式(8)可得:1=1=(A4EA3F)/D,2=2=(A1F-A2E)/D (9)由上述式子可设计出RRR杆组运动分析子程序(见程序单). 3. RRP杆组运动分析子程序图3所示RRP级杆组中,已知杆长l1及两外接点P1,P2的运动和移动副轴线P2P3的方向角变量(2,2,2), P2点为以移动副与构件2相连的构件上运动已知的牵连点,要求确定运动变量l2,1,l2,1,l2,1. 由于2已知,l2待求,将式(2)消去1可得: l22+2(ucos2+vsin2)l2+(
4、u2+v2-l12)=0 由此解得: l2=-(ucos2+vsin2) (10)式中+号用于转动副中心P3处在P2H线段之外(图3中m=+1的位置),号用于P3处在P2H线段之内(图3中m=-1的位置)。1由式(5)而定。 2) 速度分析对式(2)求导一次得: 图3 A11+A5l2=G,A21+A6l2 =H (11)A1,A2同前,A5=-cos2,A6=-sin2,G=u+l2A62,H=v-l2A52解式(11)可得:1=(A6GA5H)/D8,l2=(A1H-A2G)/D8 (12)D8=A1A6A2A5=l1cos(12) 3) 加速度分析 对式(11)求导一次得:A11+A5
5、l2=E1,A21+A6 l2=F1 (13)E1=u+A212+2A6l22+l2A522+l2A62 F1=v-A1122A5l22+l2A622l2A52 解式(13)可得:1=(A6E1A5F1)/D8,l2=(A1F1A2E1)/D8 (14)由上述式子可设计出RRP杆组运动分析子程序(见程序单).4。 RPR杆组运动分析子程序 图4所示RPR级杆组中,已知杆长l1及两外接点P1,P2的运动,l1为P1点至导路的垂直距离, P2为过P2与导路垂直延伸点,延伸距离为w(当P2与P1在导路同侧时,w取正,在异侧时,w取负),要求确定运动变量l2,1,2,l2,1,2,l2,1,2. 1)
6、 位置分析 1与2的关系为:2=1/2 (15)式中+号和号分别对应图4中m=+1和m=1两位置.l1与l2有如下关系: (16) 由式(4)和式(16)可得: tan(2/2)=v(l1-w)/(ul2) (17)2) 速度分析 由于1=2,引进符号i(i=1,2),对式(2)求导一次得: A7i+A5l2=u,A8i+A6l2=v (18)A7=(l1-w)sin1+l2sin2 A8= (l1-w)cos1l2cos2 图4 解式(18)可得: i=i=(A6u -A5v)/(l2),l2=(A7v -A8u)/(12) (19)3) 加速度分析 对式(18)求导一次得:A7i+A5l2
7、=E2,A8i+A6l2=F2 (20)E2=u+A8i2+2A6l2i,F2=v-A7i22A5l2i 解式(20)可得:i=i=(A6E2A5F2)/(-l2),l2=(A7F2-A8E2)/(l2) (21)由上述式子可设计出 RPR杆组运动分析子程序(见程序单),在子程序中,以+m代替前面各式中出现的计算符. m称之为型参数,在设计主程序时,应根据各类级杆组不同的布置型式,确定m的取值(m可取+1,1和0)。5PRP杆组运动分析子程序图5所示PRP级杆组中,已知导路1,2两外接点P1,P2的运动,h1,h2分别为未知运动点P3至导路1,2的垂直距离,导路1,2的方位角、角速度、角加速度
8、(1,1,2)均已知,要求确定导路1,2移动的位移、速度及加速度(l1,l2,l1,l2,l1,l2)以及P3点的运动(x3,x3,x3,y3,y3,y3)。1)位置分析推导l1,及l2的方程式:x1+l1cos1+h1sin1 = x2+l2cos2-h2sin2y1+l1sin1-h1cos1 = y2+l2sin2+h2cos2整理得: l1cos1 - l2cos2 = E1 l1sin1 l2sin2 = F1 (22) E1=u- A3h1-A4l2,F1=v+A1h1+A2h2, A1=cos1,A2=cos2,A3=sin1,A4=sin2 .由于1 ,2均已知,由此解得:l1
9、 =(F1 cos2 E1sin2) / D8 l2 =(F1 cos1 E1sin1) / D8 (23) 其中:D8 = A2A3 - A1A4 = sin(12)P3点的位置为: x3 = x1 + l1cos1 + h1sin1 y3 = y1 + l1sin1 - h1cos1 (24) 2)速度分析对式(22)求导一次,整理得: l1cos1 - l2cos2 = E2 图5 l1sin1 - l2sin2 = F2 (25)E2 =u + A61 A82 ,F2 = v - A51 A72 ,A5 = l1cos1 + h1sin1 ,A6 = l1sin1 h1cos1 ,A7
10、 = l2cos2 h2sin2 ,A8 = l2sin2+ h2cos2 。由(25)解得: l1=(F2 cos2 - E2sin2)/ D8 l2=(F2 cos1 E2sin1) / D8 (26)P3点的速度为对式(24)求导得: x3 = x1 + l1cos1 + A61y3 = y1 + l1sin1 A51 (27)3)加速度分析对式(25)求导一次,整理得: l1cos1 - l2cos2 = E3 l1sin1 l2sin2 = F3 (28)E3 = u + 2A3l11 + A5 12 + A612A4l22A7 22 A82 , F3 = v 2A1l11 + A6
11、 12 A51 +2A2l22A8 22 + A72 。解(28)式得: l1=(F3 cos2 E3sin2) / D8 l2=(F3 cos1 E3sin1) / D8 (29)P3点的加速度为对式(27)求导得: x3 = x1 + A1l1 - 2A3l11 - A5 12 A61 y3 = y1 + A3l1 - 2A1l11 - A6 12 - A51 (30)由上述式子可设计出 PRP杆组运动分析子程序(见程序单)。6RPP杆组运动分析子程序图6所示RPP级杆组中,已知导路1参考点P1和外转动副P2的运动,h为外副P2至导路2的垂直距离,导路1的方位角、角速度、角加速度(1,1,
12、1)已知,导路1与导路2间的夹角为.要求确定导路1,2移动的位移、速度及加速度(l1,l2,l1,l2,l1,l2)以及导路中心P3,P4点的运动(x3,x4,x3,x4,x3,x4,y3,y4,y3,y4,y3, y4)。推导l1,及l2的方程式:x1+l1cos1+l2cos(1+)= x2+hsin(1+)y1+l1sin1+l2sin(1+)= y2-hcos(1+)l1cos1 + l2cos(1+)= E1l1sin1 + l2sin(1+)= F1 (31) E1 = u + A1h,F1 = v A2h, A1 =sin(1+),A2 =cos(1+).由于1 , 均已知,由此
13、解得:l1 =(E1 sin(1+)- F1 cos(1+)/ D8 l2 =(F1 cos1 - E1sin1)/ D8 (32) D8 =A1A4A2A3=sin,A3 =sin1 ,A4 =cos1 图6P3、P4点的位置为:x3 = x1 + l1 cos1 ,y3 = y1 + l1 sin1 x4 = x2 + h sin(1+),y4 = y2 hcos(1+) (33)当给定P1、P2点的位置,杆长h的大小和导路的方向角1、 后,RPP杆组可能有两种形式,即图6中的实线和虚线两种形式,这可用h为“+”(实线机构)和h为“-”(虚线机构)来确定。 此外,从式(32)可以看出,为保
14、证机构能够正常运动,两导路之间的夹角 不能为0,再考虑到加工和装配等因素以及摩擦的存在,工程实际中,一般要求sin 0.1.2)速度分析对式(31)求导一次,整理得: l1cos1 + l2cos(1+)= E2 l1sin1 + l2sin(1+)= F2 (34)E2 =u +1(A2h + A3l1 + A1l2),F2 = v -1(A1h A4l1 - A2l2)。由式(34)解得: l1 =(E2 sin (1+)- F2 cos(1+)/ D8 l2 =(F2 cos1- E2 sin1 ) / D8 (35)P3、P4点的速度为对式(33)求导得: x3 = x1 + A4l1
15、 A3l11,y3 = y1 + A3l1 + A4l11 x4 = x2 + A2 h1 ,y4 = y2 + A1 h1 (36)对式(34)求导一次,整理得: l1cos1 + l2cos2 = E3 l1sin1 + l2sin2 = F3 (37)E3 = u +1(A2h +A3l1 +A1l2) 12(A1h A4l1 - A2l2)+ 21(A3l1 +A1l2) +1(A1h -A4l1 A2l2)+ 12(A2h A3l1 A1l2)- 21(A4l1 +A2l2)解(37)式得:l1 =(E3 sin (1+) F3 cos(1+)/ D8l2 =(F3 cos1 E3s
16、in1)/ D8 (38)P3、P4点的加速度为对式(36)求导得: x3 = x1 + A4l1 A3l11 2A3l11A4l1 12 y3 = y1 + A3l1 + A4l11 + 2A4l11A3l1 12 x4 = x1A1 h 12 y4 = y2 + A1 h1 + A2 h 12 (39)由上述式子可设计出 RPP杆组运动分析子程序(见程序单)。机械原理平面机构运动分析子程序(含单杆,RRR,RRP,RPR,PRP, RPP杆组)Public Const PI = 3.1415926 定义常量定义全局变量Public l As Single, l 1 As Single, l
17、 v1 As Single, l a1 As SinglePublic l 2 As Single, l v2 As Single, l a2 As SinglePublic r As Single, af As Single,dt As SinglePublic ct As Single, cv As Single, ca As SinglePublic ct1 As Single, cv1 As Single, ca1 As SinglePublic ct2 As Single, cv2 As Single, ca2 As SinglePublic u As Single, v As Si
18、ngle, u1 As Single, v1 As Single, u2 As Single, v2 As SinglePublic x1 As Single, y1 As Single, xv1 As Single, yv1 As Single, xa1 As Single, ya1 As SinglePublic x2 As Single, y2 As Single, xv2 As Single, yv2 As Single, xa2 As Single, ya2 As SinglePublic x3 As Single, y3 As Single, xv3 As Single, yv3
19、As Single, xa3 As Single, ya3 As SinglePublic x4 As Single, y4 As Single, xv4 As Single, yv4 As Single, xa4 As Single, ya4 As Single定义中间变量Public w As SinglePublic a1 As Single, a2 As Single, a3 As Single, a4 As SinglePublic a5 As Single, a6 As Single, a7 As Single, a8 As SinglePublic c As Single, d
20、As Single, d7 As Single, d8 As Single, h1 As Single, h2 As SinglePublic e As Single, e1 As Single, e2 As Single, e3 As SinglePublic f As Single, f1 As Single, f2 As Single, f3 As SinglePublic g As Single, h As Single, i1 As SinglePublic k As Single, k1 As Single, k2 As SinglePublic n As Single, n7 A
21、s SinglePublic m As Integer, kp As Integer各公共子程序单杆运动分析子程序Public Sub SSL()x2 = x1 + l Cos(ct) y2 = y1 + l * Sin(ct)x3 = x1 + r * Cos(ct + af)y3 = y1 + r Cos(ct + af)If (kp = 1) Then xv2 = xv1 l * Sin(ct) * cv yv2 = yv1 + l Cos(ct) * cv xa2 = xa1 l Sin(ct) ca - l * Cos(ct) * cv cv ya2 = ya1 + l * Cos(
22、ct) * ca - l * Sin(ct) * cv cv xv3 = xv1 - (y3 y1) * cv yv3 = yv1 + (x3 - x1) * cv xa3 = xa1 (y3 - y1) * ca - (x3 - x1) * cv * cv ya3 = ya1 + (x3 - x1) * ca - (y3 - y1) cv cvEnd IfEnd SubRRR杆组运动分析子程序Public Sub RRR()u = x2 x1v = y2 - y1u1 = xv2 xv1v1 = yv2 - yv1u2 = xa2 - xa1v2 = ya2 - ya1c = (u * u
23、+ v * v + l 2 * l 2 l 1 * l 1) / 2 / l 2k = v v + u u c * cIf (k ct2 = ct2 + 2 * PI Else If (d7 0 And n7 ct1 = ct1 + PI If (d 0 And n 0) Then c1 = ct1 - PI If (kp = 1) Then a1 = -l 1 * Sin(ct1) a2 = l 1 Cos(ct1) a3 = l 2 Sin(ct2) a4 = l 2 * Cos(ct2) d = a1 * a4 a2 * a3 If (Abs(d) 0。000000001) ThenDY
24、DA IS IN UNCERTAINTY, vbExclamation, ”机械原理 cv1 = (a4 u1 a3 * v1) / d cv2 = (a1 * v1 a2 u1) / d e = u2 + a2 * cv1 * cv1 + a4 cv2 * cv2 f = v2 a1 cv1 cv1 a3 * cv2 * cv2ca1 = (a4 e a3 f) / d ca2 = (a1 f - a2 * e) / dRRP杆组运动分析子程序Public Sub RRP()u = x2 - x1u1 = xv2 - xv1u2 = xa2 xa1v2 = ya2 ya1k1 = l 1 * l 1 - (u Sin(ct2) v Cos(ct2) 2If (k1
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