第二十三章It的用法.docx

1、第二十三章 It的用法第二十三章 It的用法it可以用作人称代词，它还可以指时间、天气、距离、上下文等，另外，it还可以作先行词，作形式主语和形式宾语。23. 1 代词it23.1.1 作为人称代词it一般用来指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情，不指人，但可以指婴儿，未确定身份的人和团体。Wheres my book? Have you seen it?我的书在哪里？你看见了没有？The dog is in the garden, isnt it?狗在花园里，是吧？Its a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl? 宝宝真可爱，是男孩还是女孩？The com

2、mittee has met and it has rejected the proposal.委员会已开过会，拒绝了这项建议。23.1.2 作为指示代词1) it用以代替指示代词this, thatWhats this? Its a pen.这是什么？ 是一支钢笔。Whose coat is that? Its mine.那件外罩是谁的？ 是我的。2) it作为指示代词可以指人Who is knocking at the door? Its me !是谁在敲门啊？ 是我！“Why , its you !” he cried.“啊，是你啊！”他叫起来。23.1.3 作为非人称代词it主要用来表

3、示时间，自然现象（天气，气候，温度等），距离，量度，价值，环境等。What time is it now? Its half past nine.现在几点了？ 九点半了。It often rains in summer here.这里夏天经常下雨。It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here. 这里离最近的医院也有六英里。Its noisy / smoky in here.这里有噪音/烟雾。提示：It is time (about time, high time) that . 意为“是该干的时间了”“现在某人该做某事了”it指时间。该句型

4、中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，含有该事早该去做而未做，现在去做似乎都为时已晚的意思。值得注意的是，在that 从句中： 常用过去时态表示虚拟。 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省略。Its high time that we should take action.是我们该采取行动的时候了。Its time you should do cleaning. 你该去打扫卫生了。Its high time we had to stop cutting down the rainforests.我们必须停止砍伐雨林。23.1.4 it 可以指上下文内容, 代替前文或后面提到的

5、事物.The Olympic Game will be held in Beijing in 2008. It makes the Chinese proud.2008年将在北京举行奥运会。这使得中国人非常自豪。There was no doubt about it, she was a fine teacher.毫无疑问，她是一位优秀教师。提示： it, one 和 that 都可以用来代替上文提出的人或物，但 it 指同一事物；one 指同名异物，并且前面可以有修饰；that 指同一类，并非同一个。 Do you still have the bicycle? No, I have sol

6、d it. 你还留着那辆自行车吗？ 不，我已经把它卖了。Is this knife yours? No, mine is the one on the desk. 这把小刀是你的吗？ 不，我的是桌子上的那个。The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.中国南方的气候比日本的要好。23. 2 it用作形式主语英语中不定式、动名词、主语从句在作主语时主语往往显得很长，使整个句子看上去有点头重脚轻，这样就借助“it”来作形式上的主语，而把真正的主语移到句子后边去，使全句看上去平稳一些。这种情况下的 “it”没有实际的意义。

7、 23.2.1真正主语是动词不定式其句型为:1) It +be +adj./n.+（for sb.）+to do sth.此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right，wrong，important，unimportant，legal等。提示：连系动词be也可换用其它连系动词，如feel等。Its very important for us to learn English well. (实际主语是to learn English we

8、ll)对于我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。It is illegal for a teenager to drive a car without a license .青少年无驾照开车是违法的。It was his duty to attend to the matter.处理那件事是他的责任。Itfeelsstrangetohaveatwinsister.有个孪生姐妹感觉很奇怪。2) It+ be +adj.+ of sb. +to do sth此处的adj.通常为描述人的形容词：kind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless，c

9、areful，careless，silly，stupid，clever，wise，crazy等。Its kind of you to help me with the problem.你真是太好了帮助我处理这个问题。Its very good of you to have listened to me.感谢你能听我讲。It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。It is thoughtless of some parents to allow their children to watch whatever program is on te

10、levision.一些父母太粗心了，允许他们的孩子看电视上放的所有节目。3) 也会出现以下几种句型：A. Ittakes（sb）sometimetodosth意为“（某人）花时间做某事”。Ittookmeaweektofinishreadingthebook我花了一周时间看完这本书。It took a long time for her to come to terms with fact that her husband was dismissed.她花了很长时间才接受了他丈夫被解雇的事实。B. It costs sb some money to do sth. 意为“某人花钱做某事”。It

11、 costs me 520 yuan to buy the new watch我买这块新手表花了520元。23.2.2真正主语是动名词结构：Its+ no good/use /worth/nice/waste/useless+ doingIts no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶已经撒了，哭也没有用。（又叫覆水难收）It is no good reading without full understanding.没有完全理解的阅读是不好的。Its foolish behaving like that. 这样的表现是很愚蠢的。23.2.3真正主语为从句1) 一般情况

12、下，其句型和真正主语是动词不定式的句型基本一致，只要将动词不定式换成从句即可，即It+be+adj./ n. +从句 。Its important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.你应该向她为你的无礼而道歉，这很重要。Its quite amazing that Phelps can get 8 gold medals in Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.菲尔普斯能在2008年北京奥运会上夺得8枚金牌太了不起了。Its a pity that he doesnt swim.他不会游泳，真遗憾。It i

13、s an encouraging sign that peoples purchasing power is on the rise.这是一个令人鼓舞的迹象，人们的购买力正在上升。It is a wonder that at least a few children survive their schooling and emerge as people who can think,people who are open-minded and knowledgeable.堪称奇迹的是，至少有少数儿童竟然没有被这种学校教育所糟蹋，而是脱颖而出，成为善于思考的、思路开阔和博学多闻的人。2). 也会

14、出现以下几种句型：A. It +seems/ happened/ turned out/ appeared 从句It seems that he is making progress in his English study.看起来他正在学习英语上不断进步。It happened that John was the only witness.碰巧约翰是唯一的证人。It seemed to me that the only thing that mattered was to get her husband back to her.在我看来，唯一重要的事情是让她的丈夫回到她身边。B. It+be

15、+said/ reported/ believed/ expected+从句 ，意为“据说/据报道/”It is said that the tickets have been sold out.据说票已经被卖完了。It is estimated that over one million Americans now live below the poverty line.据估计，超过一百万美国人现在生活在贫困线之下。It is reported that the electronic industry is going on rapidly in recent year.据报道，在最近一年电

16、子产业正在迅速发展。23. 2 it作形式宾语当句子的真正宾语是动词不定式、动名词或从句时，为使句子保持平衡，应将其放在宾语补足语之后，改用先行词it占据其原来的位置。it用作形式宾语的句型为：主语谓语it宾语补足语动词不定式动名词从句。该句型中宾语补足语可由形容词、名词等充当。23.3.1 真正宾语为不定式 I found it difficult to explain to him what happened. (真正宾语是to explain to him what happened, difficult是宾语补足语)我觉得向他解释清发生了什么事很困难。Tom felt it uncom

17、fortable to wear contact lens. （真正宾语是to wear contact lens，uncomfortable 是宾语补足语）汤姆觉得戴隐形眼镜不舒服。The Internet makes it easy to get a lot of new information in a short time. （真正宾语是to get a lot of new information, easy 是宾语补足语）互联网可以在很短的时间内很容易得到很多新的信息。I felt it my right to know the truth. （真正宾语是 to know the

18、truth, my right 是宾语补足语）我认为我有权知道真相。23.3.2 真正宾语为动名词We think it no good reading in bed（真正宾语是 reading in bed, no good是宾语补足语）我们认为躺在床上看书不好。 I dont think it worthwhile taking too much trouble.我觉得不值得费这么多功夫。（真正宾语是taking too much trouble, worthwhile 是宾语补足语）23.3.3 真正宾语为从句该结构中的从句可以用that, what , wehter, when 等引导

19、。We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution.（真正宾语是that something should这样一从句，clear是宾语补足语）我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染。He wants to make it clear whether you still love him or not. (真正宾语是whether you still love him or not这样一从句，clear 是宾语补足语)他想弄明白的是你是否还爱他。23. 4 it用于强调结构英语中

20、常用的强调结构是：It is/was+被强调部分+ that(who)+原句其他部分，表达的意思为“是，正是，就是”。it 在这个句型中本身没什么实际意义。一般来说，被强调的是人，后面常用who，也可以用that， 如果被强调的是物或其他情况，则用that。 我们可以用强调结构来强调句中的主语，宾语，状语。如原句为： Mary wore her most beautiful evening dress to the dance last night. 昨天晚上玛丽穿着她最漂亮的晚礼服去参加舞会。 可以改写成以下几种形式的强调句：A. 强调主语It was Mary who wore her m

21、ost beautiful evening dress to the dance last night.是玛丽昨天晚上穿着她最漂亮的晚礼服去参加舞会的。B. 强调宾语It was her most beautiful evening dress that Mary wore to the dance last night.玛丽昨天晚上穿的是她最好看的晚礼服去参加舞会的。C. 强调状语 It was last night that Mary wore her most beautiful evening dress to the dance . 是昨天晚上玛丽穿着她最漂亮的晚礼服去参加舞会 D.

22、 强调状语 It was to the dance that Mary wore her most beautiful evening dress last night. 昨天晚上玛丽穿着她最漂亮的晚礼服是去参加舞会的。提示：使用强调句式要注意以下几个问题1. 对特殊疑问句中的特殊疑问代（副）词强调时，特殊疑问代（副）词要放在句首，原疑问句中的疑问语序要变成陈述语序，It is / was . that / who . 句式要相应变成疑问语序。When did you meet Mr. Smith? （对 when 强调） When was it that you met Mr. Smith?

23、你是什么时候遇到史密斯先生的？特别要注意的是，如果特殊疑问句是以who 开头而且需要对其进行强调时，只能用 It is / was . that .Who told you the news?（对who 强调） Who was it that told you the news?（that 不能用who代替）是谁告诉你那条新闻的？2. 强调句中被强调的是人称代词时，应保持该人称代词的格不变和原句中谓语动词在人称和数格上与主语的一致。I am against the plan. （对 I 强调） It is I who / that am against the plan.是我反对这个计划的。3

24、. 在强调句中，去掉It is/was.that/who后，句子结构仍然完整、正确（只是有时需适当调整一下语序），句意仍明确、全面。这是强调句区别于其他的结构相似句型的一大特点。It was at ten oclock that we got home last night.It was ten oclock when we got home last night. 第一个句子是强调结构，去掉It was that，句子变为At ten oclock we got home last night. 句子完整。 但第二个句不是强调结构，when引导的是时间状语从句，it表时间。去掉It was

25、和when 后，句子变为Ten oclock we got home last night.句子不完整。4. 对“not.until.”结构的强调，要用“It is/was not until.that.”这一固定句型。由于否定已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。He didnt realize his mistake until the teacher spoke to him. （对until状语强调） It was not until the teacher spoke to him that he realized his mistake.直到老师告诉他，他才意识到自己的错误。23.

26、5 it组成的习惯用语it同动词结合可以组成习惯用语，这种用法的it无明确指代关系，也无明确语义。常见的有：1) Take it easy. 别着急，慢慢来。2) make it A. 在口语当中相当于succeed，表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达You can make it！你可以做到的！B. 在口语中相当于fix the date for，表示“约定好时 Shall we meet next week？OK. We just make it next Saturday.我们下周见吧？ 好的，那我们定在下周六吧。3) Believe it or not.表示“信不信由你”Belie

27、ve it or not, Tom won the gold medal !信不信由你，汤姆得了金奖！4) It depends. 表示“视情况而定” Are you going to the countryside for holiday？It depends.你打算去乡下渡假吗？ 看情况吧。5) Worth it. 值得Dont hesitate about it！ Its worth it.别犹豫了！这事值。6) It doest matter. 没关系。7) Ive had it enough！ 我受够了！8) Thats it. 那正是我想知道的。 Exercise .Choose

28、the best answers1. Is _ necessary to the design before National Day? A. this B. that C. it D. he 2. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 3. Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _didnt help. A. he B. which C. she D. it

29、4. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _? A. it B. those C. one D. them5. -He was nearly drowned once.-When was _?-_ was in 1998 when he was in middle school. A. that,It B. this, This C. this, It D. that, This 6. Was _ that I saw last night at the concert? A. it you B. not you C.

30、you D. that yourself7. It was only with the help of the local guide _.A. was the mountain climber was rescued B. that the mountain climber was rescuedC. when the mountain climber was rescued D.then the mountain climber was rescued8. _ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.A. It B. AS C. That D. What9. Why! I have nothing to confess. _ you want me to say?A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that 10. It was _ back home after the experiment.A. not until midnight did he go B. until midni