1、届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit2Cloning 单元学案设计26页word版 2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit2Cloning 单元学案设计单元语法讲练:英语语法填空解题指导本文章内容导读一、动词(谓语/非谓语) 二、名词 三、代词 四、冠词 五、介词 六、连词(从属连词/并列连词) 七、情态动词 八、形容词/副词 九、挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语 十、词形变化或者词性变化十一、特殊句型(或固定短语) 十二、定语从句的引导词 十三、状语从句 十四、名词性从句十五、 时态、语态 十六、 非谓语动词和独立主格结构 十七、 倒装语序、主谓一致关系、强调结构及其他 语法填空的考查范围:1
2、语境(上下文);2 语法: 动词(时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式)、名词、代词、冠词、介词、连词 固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。语法填空的能力要求:1.阅读/理解语篇的能力 2.分析句子结构的能力3.熟练运用语法的能力 4.单词拼写能力和逻辑推理能力等,对中下层考生来说,难度较大。重点复习:掌握句子的基本结构首先,我们必须熟练掌握简单句的基本句型结构:(1) 主语+谓语(+宾语+宾补) (2) 主语+系动词+表语其次,我们要充分了解充当各个句子成分的典型词类:(1) 充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词。此外,还有动名词、不定式短语等。(2) 充当谓
3、语的一定是动词。(3) 充当补语或表语的典型词类是形容词。(4) 在名词前作定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性物主代词。(5) 作状语的典型词类是副词。再次,我们还要掌握句子的扩展结构:两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号,就必须要用连词,否则,句子的结构就不完整。连词主要有以下四类:(1) 用and, but,or,while(而,却),when(就在这个时候)等构成并列句。(2) 用if,unless,before,after,until,although,though,as,since,because,so,so that等构成含状语从句的复合句(3) 用who, which, that,
4、 when, where, why等构成含定语从句的复合句。(这里要提醒考生的是往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词的,但也须结合句子结构来分析。)(4) 用that,if/whether(是否),wh-等构成含名词性从句的复合句。解题方法:用句子结构分析法巧解语法填空.分析句子的结构对解答语法填空题很有帮助。在解答语法填空题时,分析句子结构可以迅速确定所要填的词语的词类或大致方向,若再结合语境就可以很快得出具体的词语或词形,结合语境方面要特别注意短文的时态和上下文中的一些提示。如: 阅读下面短文,根据上下文填入适当的词语,或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位
5、置。下面是一些基本语法的解析,结合以往的一些单项选择考题作为理解之用(加深对基础语法的理解,对各个部分都有指导作用):一、动词(谓语/非谓语) 给出动词的原形,根据句子结构的需要给出其适当的形式。填动词形式,首先抓住主谓结构,确定主句,剩下的部分,如有连词,则是句子,仍然有主谓结构,否则就用非谓语;是谓语就思考时态,语态,主谓一致,是非谓语就看主动被动,有否先后关系。动词及动词短语辨析主要考查的知识点:每年必考的考点,主要从以下几个角度来命题:2 惯性用法。测试语境中动词的词义辨析;测试一些习惯用语中的动词;测试一些系动词。下列动词组成的短语:break,carry,come,get,give
6、,go,look,pick,send,set,take,turn。英语词组的深层含义挖掘、多种含义拓宽也是当今考题的一个热点。每年的高考英语科考试大纲中虽列出了单词和词组,但并未注明其具体的含义,这就给命题者留下了自由的伸缩空间。所以在复习时,不能拘泥于其在教材上的含义,要大胆地对其深层含义进行挖掘。如:go out便可挖掘出以下含义:出去;出国;发出去;贴出去;出去参加社交活动;离家出去工作;压塌;(火)熄灭;过时;死去;消失;辞职;下台;结束;罢工等。(在完形填空中多加注意)1. Ms Chen _ (teach) me English since Junior 1, and to sho
7、w my appreciation I decided to get her a present. (广州一模)2. I was certain she would like it because I _ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. (广州一模)3. The exam, which was originally to be held in our classroom,_ (change) to the library at the last minute. .(广州二模) 4. I had to leave work to
8、take him to the hospital because he _ (break) his finger. (深二模)5. The child, Nicole Hobson,_ (take) by her mother to Childrens Memorial Hospital about 11 p.m., Wednesday to check (汕头二模)6. A transit spokesman said the driver should _ (make) radio call to the control center for help. (汕头二模)7. An offic
9、ial from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that_ (encourage) students to study abroad. (茂名二模)8. One of them was a visitor, saying he wouldnt have been there if he _ (watch)the weather forecast the day before. (梅州二模)9. We must also consider the reaction of the pe
10、rson _ (receive) the gift. (广州一模)10 With the problem (solve), I felt proud of my achievement. .(广州二模)11 I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left_ (complete) the rest. .(广州二模)12._ ( compare) with the previous year, the number of students who went abroad for study was increased by 15 ,000, or a
11、rise of 13%. (茂名二模)13We must practise speaking and_ (write) the language whenever we can. 14but it is not enough only _ (memorize) rules from a grammar book. (佛山一模)15. The television viewer makes no choice and no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything _ (present) to him without any ef
12、fort on his part. (东莞一模)二、名词主要考查的知识点:名词的用法,语境中词性的判断,词的转化。在语法填空题中常出现给一个提示词要求用它的正确形式填空,重点复习:掌握名词单复数的变化规律以及与相近语法的关系(名词单复数的使用受冠词、数词和主谓一致等语法的制约,因此复习名词单复数时,应注意分析名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语情况,还应注意主谓一致问题)。熟悉、区别可数不可数(英语中有些名词有时为可数名词,而有时又是不可数名词,其区别由各自不同的用法而定,这是名词可数性用法的难点)。如:work 工作,不可数名词;著作 作品,可数;工厂 作坊,可数;工程 工事,可数。掌握名词所有
13、格的表示方法和名词作定语的用法,特别注意 else的所有格、双重所有格的用法。1Father went to his doctor for_ (advise)about his heart trouble 2. There are ten_ (woman)teachers and two hundred _(girl) students in the school3. Facing cut-throat _ (compete) in all subjects, students must devote as much of their time as possible. 4. I shall
14、never fear difficulty and I shall never know the _ (exist) of the word “failure”. 6. Not long ago he sent _(word) that he would return with his family. 7. She was in London and spent her _(young) in China.8. The _ (erupt) of Mount Kilauea, one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii, is always taking
15、 people by surprise. 9. His _ (curious) made him wonder about clouds. 11. The number of languages is getting smaller all the time because of the steady _ (grow) of bigger languages. 12. Tight jeans and trousers, short skirts and even sensible flat shoes may all cause _ (ill). 三、代词 主要考查的知识点:不定代词和替代词的用法,It的用法和人称代词宾格。复习重点:指代必须准确无误。在使用人称代词、反身代词、物主代词这三类代词时,要注意它们在句中的人称、单复数及性别与所有格的一致性。疑问代词的用法。it,one,that是高考命题锁定的三个代词。1. I patiently walked to the libr
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