古建筑名词 中英对照文档格式.docx

1、四合院courtyard寨stockadedvillage舫boat阙que，watchtower牌楼pailou，decoratedgateway华表huabiao，ornamentalpillar塔pagoda硬山flushgableroof悬山overhanging歇山gableandhip庑殿hip四阿hip卷棚roundridge重檐doubleeave攒尖pyramidal园攒尖round大木woodenstructure大式woodenframewithdougong小式woodenwithout大木作carpentrywork小木作joinery抬梁式构架postlintelc

2、onstruction穿斗式构架columntie井干式构架logcabin檐柱eavecolumn金柱hypostyle内槽柱hypostylecolumn唐代术语内柱hypostylecolumn宋代术语山柱center角柱cornercolumn唐、宋术语瓜柱short脊瓜柱kingpost蜀柱kingpost宋代术语雷公柱suspended帐杆suspended侧脚cejiao宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped角背bracket由戗invertedV-shapedbrace*手chashou，invertedbrace宋代术语柁墩woodenpier驼峰tuof

3、eng，camel-humpshapedsupport宋代术语梁beam栿beam宋代术语月梁crescentbeam三架梁3-purlin平梁3-purlinbeam宋代术语四架梁4-purlin五架梁5-purlin四椽栿5-purlin六架梁6-purlin七架梁7-purlin六椽栿7-purlin九架梁9-purlin八椽栿9-purlin单步梁one-stepcross双步梁two-step挑尖梁mainaisleexposedtiebeam乳栿rufu，beamtie宋代术语抱头梁baotou穿插枋penetrating角梁hiprafer桁purlin（useddougong）

4、大式檩purlin小式槫purlin宋代术语脊桁ridgedpurlin大式脊檩ridgedpurlin小式脊槫ridgedpurlin宋代术语金桁intermediate金檩intermediate上中平槫intermediate老檐桁purlinhypostyle大、小式，宋代术语正心桁eave檐檩eave下平槫eave额枋architrave（useddougong）大式檐枋architrave（useddougong）小式阑额architrave宋代术语由额垫板cushionboard大式檐垫板cushionboard小式枋tiebeam脊枋ridge上金枋upperpurlin下金枋

5、lower老檐枋eavetiebeam大式，指檐口构造檐枋eavetiebeam小式，指檐口构造顶椽toprafter脑椽upperrafter*花架椽intermediate檐椽eave飞檐椽flying飞子flyingrafter宋代术语连檐eaveedging瓦口tile颔版tileedging宋代术语举架raisingthe举析raising步架horizontalspacingbetweenpurlins材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou，mortiseofcapblock斗拱dougong，bracketset斗dou，bracket升blockmortise大斗cap栌斗ca

6、pblock宋代术语拱gong，bracketarm翘flowerarm，petal华拱flowerarm宋代术语昂ang，lever槽升子center齐心斗center三才升small十八斗connection交互斗connection正心拱axialbracketarm泥道拱axial瓜拱oval瓜子拱oval万拱long慢拱long厢拱regulararm令拱regular单材拱outer-side撑头smalltie-beam枋smalltie-beam宋代术语耍头nose攒set柱头科bracketcolumns柱头铺作bracketcolumns宋代术语平身科bracketsets

7、补间铺作bracket角科bracketcorner转角铺作bracketcorner宋代术语出extension出跳extensionbracket宋代术语跴cai跳tiao宋代术语雀替sparrow搏缝板gableboard搏缝版gableboard宋代术语木装修joiners外檐装修exteriorfinish内檐装修interior框槛door槛stud抱框jambdoororwindow格栅partition抹头windowstool棂子grill裙板panel槛窗sillwall榻板windowsill支摘窗removable门枕doorbearing门簪decorativecyl

8、inder门跋doorknocker门钉decorativenailsleaf门枕石bearingstone抱鼓石drum-shaped天花ceiling帽儿梁latticeframing支条lattice井口天花compartmentceiling海墁天花flat藻井caisson罩shelf龛niche博古架antiqueshelf瓦石作masonry檐墙eave廊墙partition扇面墙horizontalpartition隔断墙vertical槛墙sill樨头gablehead挑檐石cantilever五花山墙stepped拔磉corbel，hangingover叠涩corbel，h

9、angingover宋代术语角柱石corner阶条石rectangularslab压阑石rectangularslab宋代术语台阶steps踏道steps宋代术语踏垛step踏step宋代术语斗板石intermediate垂带droopingbelt副子droopingstone宋代术语象眼triangularspace御路yulu，imperialpath羌差ramp须弥座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upperfilletfascia下枋lower上袅uppercyma，recta下袅lowercyma，reversa束腰suyao钩栏balustrade宋代术语单钩栏singlef

10、riezebalustrade宋代术语垂台钩栏doublebalustrade望柱baluster望柱头balustercapital栏版friezepanel华版frieze地伏plinth寻杖handrail宋代术语柱顶石capital柱础columnbase踬zhi碑碣stonetablet*屃bixi，stoneturtle宋及宋前术语趺fu，stoneturtle清代术语石像生stoneanimal石人stonehumanstatue筒瓦roundtile板瓦flat青瓦black脊瓦ridge琉璃瓦glazed勾头eave滴水drip瓦当tileend，eavepattern正吻zhengwen鸱尾chiwei宋及宋前术语正脊main垂脊diagonalforroof，vertical戗脊diagonal博脊horizontal仙人celestialbeing走兽animal砖雕brickcarving彩画coloredpattern，coloreddrawing苏式彩画Suzhoustyle旋子彩画tangentcircle和玺彩画dragons天花彩画箍头endportionpainted藻头intermediate枋心central点金goldpointing退晕colorchange沥粉embossedpainting贴金goldfoil