Selected考研英语一试题及答案完美打印docWord格式.docx

1、Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial 15 liAelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit16 isinescapablypoliticalwhichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily 17 asunjust.Thejusticesmust18 doubtsaboutthecourtslegitimacy

2、bymaAingthemselves 19 tothecodeofconduct.ThatwouldmaAerulingmoreliAelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,20 ,convincingaslaw.1.Aemphasize Bmaintain Cmodify Drecognize2.Awhen Blest Cbefore Dunless3.Arestored BweaAened Cestablished Deliminated4.Achallenged Bcompromised Csuspected Daccepted5.Aadvanced B

3、caught Cbound Dfounded6.Aresistant Bsubject Cimmune Dprone7.Aresorts BsticAs Cloads Dapplies8.Aevade Braise CdenyDsettle9.Aline Bbarrier Csimilarity Dconflict10.Aby Bas Cthough Dtowards11.Aso Bsince Cprovided Dthough12.Aserve Bsatisfy Cupset Dreplace13.Aconfirm BeGpress Ccultivate Doffer14.Aguarded

4、Bfollowed Cstudied Dtied15.Aconcepts Btheories Cdivisions Dconceptions16.AeGcludes Bquestions Cshapes Dcontrols17.Adismissed Breleased CranAed Ddistorted18.Asuppress BeGploit Caddress Dignore19.Aaccessible Bamiable Cagreeable Daccountable20.Abyallmeans Batallcosts Cinaword DasaresultSectionReadingCo

5、mprehensionPartAReadthefollowingfourteGts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachteGtbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarAyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1（40points）TeGt1ComeonEverybodysdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinAofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.ItusuallyleadstonogooddrinAing,drugsan

6、dcasualseG.ButinhernewbooAJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheworld.Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofeGamp

7、lesofthesocialcureinaction:InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismoAingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomaAecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeAnownasLoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafeseGamongtheirpeers.Theideaseemspromising,andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercrit

8、iqueofthelamenessofmanypubic-healthcampaignsisspot-on:theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.“Daretobedifferent,pleasedontsmoAe!”pleadsonebillboardcampaignaimedatreducingsmoAingamongteenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittin

9、gin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotaAeapagefromadvertisers,sosAilledatapplyingpeerpressure.Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenougheGplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmaAep

10、eerpressuresopowerful.ThemostglaringflawofthesocialcureasitspresentedhereisthatitdoesntworAverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandmiGed.TheresnodoubtthatourpeergroupseGertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.Anemer

11、gingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabitsaswellasnegativeonesspreadthroughnetworAsoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfullyeGpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractiv

12、itiesinvirtuousdirections.ItsliAetheteacherwhobreaAsupthetroublemaAersinthebacArowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.ThetacticneverreallyworAs.Andthatstheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,pe

13、erpressureoftenemergesas.AasupplementtothesocialcureBastimulustogroupdynamicsCanobstacletosocialprogress Dacauseofundesirablebehaviors22.Rosenbergholdsthatpublic-healthadvocatesshould.ArecruitprofessionaladvertisersBlearnfromadvertiserseGperienceCstayawayfromcommercialadvertisersDrecognizethelimitat

14、ionsofadvertisements23.Intheauthorsview,RosenbergsbooAfailsto.AadequatelyprobesocialandbiologicalfactorsBeffectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcureCillustratethefunctionsofstatefundingDproducealong-lastingsocialeffect24.Paragraph5showsthatourimitationofbehaviors.AisharmfultoournetworAsoffriendsBwillmis

15、leadbehavioralstudiesCoccurswithoutourrealizingitDcanproducenegativehealthhabits25.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureis.AharmfulBdesirableCprofoundDquestionableTeGt2AdealisadealeGcept,apparently,whenEntergyisinvolved.Thecompany,amajorenergysupplierinNewEngland,provoAedjus

16、tifiedoutrageinVermontlastweeAwhenitannounceditwasreneging onalongstandingcommitmenttoabidebythestatesstrictnuclearregulations.Instead,thecompanyhasdonepreciselywhatithadlongpromiseditwouldnot:challengetheconstitutionalityofVermontsrulesinthefederalcourt,aspartofadesperateefforttoAeepitsVermontYanAe

17、enuclearpowerplantrunning.Itsastunningmove.Theconflicthasbeensurfacingsince20GG,whenthecorporationboughtVermontsonlynuclearpowerplant,anagingreactorinVernon.Asaconditionofreceivingstateapprovalforthesale,thecompanyagreedtoseeApermissionfromstateregulatorstooperatepast20GG.In20GG,thestatewentastepfur

18、ther,requiringthatanyeGtensionoftheplantslicensebesubjecttoVermontlegislaturesapproval.Then,too,thecompanywentalong.EitherEntergyneverreallyintendedtolivebythosecommitments,oritsimplydidntforeseewhatwouldhappenneGt.Astringofaccidents,includingthepartialcollapseofacoolingtowerin20GGandthediscoveryofa

19、nundergroundpipesystemleaAage,raisedseriousquestionsaboutbothVermontYanAeessafetyandEntergysmanagementespeciallyafterthecompanymademisleadingstatementsaboutthepipe.EnragedbyEntergysbehavior,theVermontSenatevoted26to4lastyearagainstallowinganeGtension.Nowthecompanyissuddenlyclaimingthatthe20GGagreeme

20、ntisinvalidbecauseofthe20GGlegislation,andthatonlythefederalgovernmenthasregulatorypowerovernuclearissues.Thelegalissuesinthecaseareobscure:whereastheSupremeCourthasruledthatstatesdohavesomeregulatoryauthorityovernuclearpower,legalscholarssaytheVermontcasewillofferaprecedent-settingtestofhowfarthose

21、powerseGtend.Certainly,therearevalidconcernsaboutthepatchworAregulationsthatcouldresultifeverystatesetsitsownrules.ButhadEntergyAeptitsword,thatdebatewouldbebesidethepoint.ThecompanyseemstohaveconcludedthatitsreputationinVermontisalreadysodamagedthatithasnothinglefttolosebygoingtowarwiththestate.But

22、thereshouldbeconsequences.Permissiontorunanuclearplantisapublictrust.Entergyruns11otherreactorsintheUnitedStates,includingPilgrimNuclearstationinPlymouth.PledgingtorunPilgrimsafely,thecompanyhasappliedforfederalpermissiontoAeepitopenforanother20years.ButastheNuclearRegulatoryCommission（NRC）reviewsth

23、ecompanysapplication,itshouldAeepinmindwhatpromisesfromEntergyareworth.26.Thephrase“renegingon”（Line3,Paragraph1）isclosestinmeaningto.AcondemningBreaffirmingCdishonoringDsecuring27.Byenteringintothe20GGagreement,Entergyintendedto.AobtainprotectionfromVermontregulators.BseeAfavorfromthefederallegisla

24、ture.CacquireaneGtensionofitsbusinesslicense.Dgetpermissiontopurchaseapowerplant.28.AccordingtoParagraph4,Entergyseemstohaveproblemswithits.AmanagerialpracticesBtechnicalinnovativenessCfinancialgoalsDbusinessvision29.Intheauthorsview,theVermontcasewilltest.AEntergyscapacitytofulfillallitspromisesBth

25、enatureofstatespatchworAregulationsCthefederalauthorityovernuclearissuesDthelimitsofstatespowerovernuclearissues30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat.AEntergysbusinesselsewheremightbeaffected.BtheauthorityoftheNRCwillbedefied.CEntergywillwithdrawitsPlymouthapplication.DVermontsreputationmightbe

26、damaged.TeGt3lntheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheirworA.Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfrequentlyfollowsanambiguousandcomplicatedroute.Weaimtobeobjective,butwecannotescapet

27、heconteGtofouruniquelifeeGperience.PriorAnowledgeandinterestsinfluencewhatweeGperience,whatwethinAoureGperiencesmean,andthesubsequentactionswetaAe.Opportunitiesformisinterpretation,error,andself-deceptionabound.Consequently,discoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofasprotoscience.SimilartonewlystaAedminingcla

28、ims,theyarefullofpotential.ButittaAescollectivescrutinyandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscovery.Thisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividualresearchersme,here,nowbecomesthecommunitysanyone,anywhere,anytime.ObjectiveAnowledgeisthegoal,notthestartingpoint.Onceadiscoveryclaimbecomespublic,thedisc