1、re profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurants reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffets price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.What does the last paragraph talk about?A. Tips to attract more customers.
2、B. Problems restaurants are faced with.C. Ways to improve restaurants reputation.D. Common misunderstandings about restaurants.2 （2016江苏卷）Human children, on the other hand, are naturally cooperative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achie
3、ving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several r
4、easons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not impr
5、oved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive （认知的） skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were c
6、onsiderably better at understanding the social world.The core of what childrens minds have and chimps dont is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a share
7、d purpose. They actively seek to be part of a we , a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.The passage is mainly about_.A. the helping behaviors of young childrenB. ways to train childrens shared intentionalityC. cooperation as a distinctive human natureD. the development of intelligence i
8、n children精讲精练题型解读 阅读理解历来都是高考英语试卷中难度最大、区分度最高的题型,它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要义; 理解文中的具体信息;根据上下文推断生词的词义;理解文章的基本结构;理解作者的意图、观点和态度等。方法点拨第一讲和第二讲都属于对文章宏观结构的把握,因此第二讲的方法完全可以用于本讲。每一篇文章均是由若干个段落组成的,段落由表述某一主题的一系列句子组成的。而对于整篇的文章来说,具体段落的段落主题又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。常用的技能有:一、段落大意题（同样适用于选标题）解题技巧1.寻找主题句。有的文章主题句在段首或段尾。这类文章一般段内层次较为分明,绝大部分遵守:一
9、般-具体模式,即:先概括说明,然后具体解释,写作手法某本是:因果解释;比较或对比;举例等。类似我们通常所说的先总后分,但先分后总的结构也较为常见。偶尔主题句有时会出现在段落的中间。要把握住段落的逻辑结构,就要特别关注段内的过渡词,如:however, but, and, also, for example, in conclusion, on the contrary 等。2.抓住关键词。有些段落没有明显的主题句,这时可通过略读把注意力集中在关键词上。关键词都是实词, 如名词、动词、形容词、副词或数词等。请记住,关键词不要超过四个。最后,对所收集到的关键词进行加工,概括总结。3.根据结构特点。
10、由于文章的结构不同,主题句出现的位置通常有三种情况:（1）采用归纳法撰写的段落, 表述的事例在前,概括性的观点居后,主题句则位于段末。（2）运用演绎法撰写的段落,先提出观点, 后举例论证,主题句则出现在段首。（3）如果作者采用由事例观点事例的写作方式,则主题句出现在段落的中间。（4）如果文章没有明显的主题句,则根据内容的提示,通过逻辑推理,概括出段落大意。在找出主题句的基础上,对各段落主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。二、全文大意题解题技巧全文大意题考查考生能否分辨主题和细节,是否具有提纲挚领的能力。做这类题时,要求考生能理解全文细节,然后运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概
11、括和总结。主题句通常出现在文章第一段或最后一段,有些文章的主题句需要归纳总结每段的段落大意。2.串联关键词或高频词。把每一段的关键词串联起来,往往形成一个完整的情节链。或者选项形式为一两个单词或一个短语时,贯穿全文始终的单词或短语（即高频词）应是正确选项。也有的文章有小标题, 考生可以把这些小标题作为关键词去概括全文大意。三、寻找主题句的通用方法:1.转折连接词。尤其是在第二段、第三段中,含有转折连接词的句子大部分都是主题句。例如:however, but, while2.出现在新使用法或表示应该、有必要的应当性情态动词,以及动词（短语）后的内容,大部分都是主题句。此类词有:must, hav
12、e to, should, ought to, had better, need, be forced/bound to, it is important/ necessary / essential3.表示举例的连接词之前的部分,大多是主题句。表示举例的连接词:for example, such as, for instance, as follows四、选标题的两个注意标题能高度概括文章内容,点明文章主题的文字,往往短小精悍,言简意败。它既可以是单词、短语,也可以是简短句子,甚至可以是疑问词加不定式结构或名词加同位语结构。除有介绍功能外,不少标题情感浓烈,可以表示鼓励、劝告、建议、批评、讽
13、刺、赞美、表扬等感情,教育意义强,感染度高。1.标题需要一定的概括度。所选标题必须能概括全文中心内容。2.标题尽可能的切合、新颖。所谓切合,即能和文章的高频词对应;所谓新颖,即用简洁的语言和一些修辞手法（例如双关）来表达主题。3.标题一般都包含高频词。即反复出现的词,应该包含在标题里。【例题精讲】 1 （2018全国I卷）Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the
14、 world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit （联系） groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
15、Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction （消亡）, with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon （ eight remaining speakers ）, Chiapaneco in Mexico （ 150 ）, Lipan Apache in the United States （two or three） or Wadjigu in Australia （one, wit
16、h a question-mark）: none of these seems to have much chance of survival.What is the main idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C. Human development results in fewer languages.D. Geography determines language evolution.2 （2018全国II卷）Teens an
17、d younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A. Childrens reading habits.B. Quality of childrens books.C. Childrens after-class activities.D. Parent-child relationships.3 （2018全国II卷）W
18、eve been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.Whats the problem? It is possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likel
19、y that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary.But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dunn bel
20、ieves that people who research out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. Small talk is the basis of good manners, he says.What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation Cou
21、ntsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small Talk D. Uncomfortable Silence【巩固练习】1 （2011 江苏卷）We know the famous ones-the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells-but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper（雨刮器）? S
22、houldnt we know who they are?Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. Its hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgans traffic light. Its equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgetts innovation that makes glass invisible. Can you picture life without
23、clear windows and eyeglasses?Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?A. How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers?B. How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window?C. Shouldnt We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper?D. Shouldnt We Develop Invent
24、ion Courses in Universities?2 （2011江苏卷）That day, the boys from both teams helped bring a piece of true love and humanity into this world. Shay didnt make it to another summer and died that winter, having never forgotten being the hero and making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mot
25、her tearfully hug her little hero of the day!What do you think is the theme of the story?A. True human nature could be realized in the way we treat each other.B. Everyone has his own strength even if mentally or physically disabled.C. Everyone can develop his team spirit in sports and please his par
26、ents.D. The results of the game should not be the only concern of the players.3 （江苏卷）Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance. However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other non-
27、market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore. It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping schemes weve considered-at airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors offices, and national parks-are recent developments, scarcely imaginabl
28、e three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern, but these are not the only places that markets have entered.The passage is meant to_.A. justify paying for faster servicesB. discuss the morals of allocating thingsC. analyze the reason for standing in
29、lineD. criticize the behavior of queue jumping4 （2014江苏卷）Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel. And he surely deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.Was Twain a racist? Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as ask
30、ing the same of Lincoln. If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the wisdom of the considered moral judgments of the present, we will find nothing but error. Lincoln, who believed the black man the inferior of the white, fought and won a war to free him. And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier, and inventor of Jim, may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.What does the au
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