M3 Unit 3重点词组语法及相应练习题含答案Word文档格式.docx

1、安葬，埋葬；专心致志（于某事）The house was half buried under snow.屋子有一半被埋在积雪底下。 After the battle, they buried the dead.战斗结束后，他们安葬了死者。She buried her face in her hands and cried.她双手蒙着脸哭了起来。He is buried in reading his newspaper. = He is burying himself in his newspaper.他正专心致志地在读报呢。2house n . 房子；屋子里的人或家人 v. 收藏，储藏；为某人

2、提供住处 We can house you if the hotels are full. 如果旅馆满了的话，我们可以给你提供住处。The school library houses about 60,000 books. 学校图书馆收藏了大约六万本书。The whole house was woken up. 全家人都被吵醒了。New houses are going up everywhere. 到处都在建新房子。3drive v. 驾驶；驱赶，赶走；迫使，逼得Take my advice, and let me drive you home.听我的话，让我开车送你回家吧。After ei

3、ght yearsfight, the Japanese invaders were eventually driven away.经过八年抗战，日本侵略者终于被赶走了。 The noise coming from the factory which is near my house almost drives me crazy.我家附近的那家工厂传来的噪音都快把我逼疯了。 4represent v. 表现；描写；代表；声称Let my try representing my idea to you in another way.让我试着用另一种方式向你说明我的想法。 He represent

4、ed our school at the meeting. 他代表我们学校出席了这个会议。 As we all know, the pigeon represents peace.我们都知道，鸽子象征着和平。He represents himself as an expert in English.他自称自己是英语专家。5condition n. 状况，状态；情况，环境；条件，情形He couldnt go out for an outing, for he was in poor condition.因为他身体不好，他就无法出去郊游了。 This kind of plant can stil

5、l grow well in ill conditions.在恶劣的环境中这种植物也长得不错。You must on no condition tell him what happened.你绝不能把发生的事情告诉他。 The government is trying its best to improve the peoples living conditions.政府正在想方设法提高人民的生活水平。6uncover v. 拿去盖子（套子/覆盖物）；发现，揭露出They uncovered the statue at the beginning of the ceremony. 仪式一开始他

6、们就掀掉了遮住雕塑的覆盖物。Uncover the dish before you put it into the microwave oven. 在把盘子放进微波炉之前先把盖子拿掉。The reporter uncovered the scandal in the newspaper. 记者在报纸上披露了那起丑闻。7concerned adj. 有关的，关切的，担心的 concern n. v. 关系，关心，关注，涉及 We are rather concerned about mothers health.我们都非常担心妈妈的健康。His only concern was how to i

7、mprove the quality of their products. 他唯一关心的是如何提高他们产品的质量。Its a problem that concerns public safety. 那是有关公共安全的问题。As far as I am concerned, I can not object to your idea.就我个人而言，我不反对你的观点。8board n. 甲板，木板；伙食，搭伙 v. 上车，上船；搭伙 There are one hundred people on board the plane. 飞机上有一百人。Put the bread on the boar

8、d before cutting it. 把面包先放在木板上，然后再切。Then we boarded the bus and headed for the airport.我们上了车，朝着机场开去。The Browns will board you very cheaply.布朗夫妇给你搭伙，收费会很便宜。9influence v. 影响，对产生影响 n. 影响；产生影响的人或事物What we read influences our thinking. 我们读的书影响我们的思想。Dont be influenced by bad examples. 别学坏。Some groups have

9、 too much influence on the government. 某些集团对政府的影响太大。Mr. White is a man of great influence in the town.在这个镇上，怀特先生是个很有影响力的人。词语辨析1. alive, living, live和lively alive意思是“活的（与dead相对）；现存的”，在句中作表语和补足语，或放在名词之后作后置定语；living“活的；现行的，现在被使用的”，在句中常作前置定语和表语；live形容词或副词，“现场直播的；活的（只能修饰动物）”；lively“有精神的，活泼的；生动的，栩栩如生的”。例如

10、：He was more dead than alive after the crash. 那次撞车事件后，他变得奄奄一息。Wang Meng is one of the greatest writers alive today.= Wang Meng is one of the greatest living writers today. 王蒙是当代最伟大的作家之一。The football match is going out live.这场足球赛正在现场直播。We are having a lively discussion on whether the middle students

11、should wear school uniforms.我们正在就中学生要不要穿校服进行一场热烈的讨论。2. destroy, damage, hurt, injure和wounddestroy表示的程度较严重，强调完全的、不可修复的毁坏；damage表示的程度较轻，指部分的、尚可修复的毁坏；hurt指精神或上的伤害，强调疼痛；injure在意外事故中受伤，也可指丧失功能；wound则是指在战争中受伤，多指暴力引起的创伤，如刀伤、枪伤等。Laughing at others will hurt their feelings.嘲笑别人会伤害他们的感情。Although his hand was

12、injured in the car accident, he was still able to operate the machine.他虽然在车祸中伤了手，但是还能继续开机器。 The terrible earthquake in Tangshan in 1976 completely destroyed the whole city.1976年的唐山大地震完全摧毁了这座城市。When it turns fine, I will have the damaged roof repaired.待天气转晴，我将请人修理坏了的屋顶。 3. declare和announce 这两个词都有“宣布，

13、宣告”的意思，但略有区别。declare表示怀有信心地、正式公开地讲明某事，其目的不在于公众是否知道，而在于“宣告”本身这一行为；而announce没有 declare正式，常指口头上或利用广播电台公布消息或新闻。After the Attack on Pearl Harbor, US president declared war against Japan.在珍珠港袭击事件后，美国总统向日本宣战。 They announced the date of their wedding in the newspaper. 他们在报纸上公布了他们婚礼的日期。Please announce to the

14、 class that there will be no school tomorrow.请对班上同学宣布明天没有课。重点句子讲解1. Unfortunately, all the people were buried alive, and so was the city!不幸的是所有的人都被活埋了，城市也是如此。这是一个由and 连接的并列复合句，第一个分句中的形容词 alive用作主语补足语，说明主语的情况。第二个分句中的so was the city 是倒装结构。so是副词，表示“亦如此，也这样”。在这一结构中，如果前面是be动词，则用be动词；前面是实意动词时，则用do；前面是助动词或

15、情态动词，则用助动词或情态动词连接。若前面是否定句，就要用neither或nor连接。I like playing football, so does she. 我喜欢踢足球，她也喜欢。Tom didnt go to the cinema last night, neither/ nor did Mary.汤姆昨晚没去看电影，玛丽也没去。注意：1）如果下文是对上文的肯定或确认，则主谓不倒装。- Tom always works hard. 汤姆学习一直很努力。- So he does. 他确实是这样。 2）如果前面情况比较复杂，有不同的谓语动词或既有肯定又有否定的情况，则用So it is/

16、was with结构。Karl Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language. So it was with Engels.马克思出生于德国，德语是他的母语。恩格斯的情况也是如此。Not only was Rome a city and a republic, but it was also to become the capital of one of the largest empires in history. 罗马不但是一座城市和一个共和国，而且成为历史上最大的帝国的首都。 not only but （also）

17、引导的是并列句。not only否定词放在句首，应构成倒装，而but also引导的分句则不能倒装。句中的be to do 表示“注定”，用来描述过去的事实。2. Not only did he teach at school, but also he wrote novels in his spare time.他不但在学校教书，在业余时间还写小说。 He came to power, but he was to pay dearly for it: soon he was killed.他得到了权力，但却为此付出了昂贵的代价：不久他就被杀了。 be to do还可表示预定、义务、命令等。T

18、he French president is to visit China. 法国总统即将访华。You are to hand in your homework before 10:00. 你们必须在十点之前把作业交上来。重点语法：一、宾语补足语 宾语补足语是对宾语加以补充说明，通常用于以下结构：动词+宾语+宾语补足语。宾语补足语通常由名词、形容词或其他相当的结构担任。1动词+宾语+名词/形容词They appointed him minister to a foreign country.他们任命他为外国公使。He found his new job rather boring.他发现新工作

19、相当乏味。2动词+宾语+不定式You should get them to help you. 你应当请他们来帮你。 We all felt the plan to be unwise.我们都觉得这项计划不明智。1） 常接不定式作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, believe, cause, consider, feel, find, invite, like, order, permit, persuade, remind, report, send, suppose, tell, think, trust, understand, warn, etc.2） 有些动词后需接不带t

20、o 的不定式作宾语补足语，常用的动词有：see, watch, notice, observe, look at; let, make, have; listen to, hear; feel.用一句口诀概括为“吾（五）看三室（使）两厅（听）一感觉”。但要注意：句子改成被动语态后，不定式符号to必须补出。Did you notice him come in?你有没有注意到他进来？二、主谓一致 所谓主谓一致，即谓语动词必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致关系应遵循三项原则，即：语法形式上一致；语言意义上一致；就近原则。1语法形式上一致：指主语和谓语动词必须在语法形式上保持一致。常见的有以下几

21、种类型：1）代词each, another, the other, either, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody, something, nothing, anything, no one等作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。2）each或every+单数可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。3）one of +代词/复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。4）非谓语动词（动名词、动词不定式）作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。5）名词性从句以及疑问词+不定式作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式

22、。6）more than one +单数名词作主语时，尽管意义上不止一个，但谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；同样many a+单数名词结构尽管意义上表示“许多”，但谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。7）and 连接两个或两个以上的并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。8）both, all, few, several, many等修饰可数名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但要注意以下几种特殊情况：a. one of +代词/复数名词后跟有定语从句时，从句的谓语动词用复数形式；而the one / the only one of +代词/复数名词作主语时，后跟有定语从句时，从句的谓语动词用

23、单数形式。b. and连接两个并列名词作主语，指同一个人或同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。and连接若干个被no, each, every, many a修饰的单数可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。c. 主语+（together）with / as well as/ except/ but/ besides/ including/ like/ unlike/ more than/ rather than/ no less than作主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。2语言意义上一致，即从意义上处理一致关系，当主语在形式上是单数，意义上是复数时，谓语动词要用复数形式；当主语在形

24、式上是复数而意义上是单数时，谓语动词要用单数形式。意义一致性原则包括以下几点：1）表示总称意义的名词如：people, cattle, clothes, police等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。2）maths, mathematics, physics, politics, news, works （工厂）等名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。3）集体名词如：family, team, crowd, crew, class, government, enemy, army, public等作主语时，如果作为一个单位（整体）看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果作为整体中的各个成员看待时，谓语动词用

25、复数形式。4）百分数词/分数词+of+名词或the rest/ part/ half/ most/ all of +名词作主语时，谓语动词与其后的名词保持一致。5）国名、书刊、作品的名称作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。6）表示“金钱、时间、距离、重量”等名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。7）the +形容词（或由分词演变而来的形容词）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。8）all作主语时，如果指代人或可数名词含有复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式；如果指代抽象事物，谓语动词用单数形式。9）trousers, shoes, boots, glasses, gloves, socks, compasses等作

26、主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；如果被this/ a pair of修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。3就近原则：谓语动词应与靠近谓语动词的那个主语单、复数形式相一致。主要有以下两种情形：1）在there be句型中。2）由or, either or, neither nor, not but, not onlybut also连接两个并列主语时。The teacher has us recite the text every day.老师让我们每天背课文。He is often heard to sing the song.有人常听见他唱这首歌。3动词+宾语+副词/介词短语You should put

27、 the books in order.你应该将书本有序摆放。 When he came to himself, he found himself in hospital.当他苏醒过来时，发现自己在医院里。4动词+宾语+分词短语They watched the sun setting behind the trees.他们望着太阳在树林后缓缓下沉。 He kept his eyes closed and stayed where he was.他一直闭着眼睛呆在原处。 Every time I pass by her door, I hear her singing. 每次我从她门前经过，都听

28、到她在唱歌。To his annoyance, he cant make himself understood.让他恼火的是，他无法让别人理解他。第二部分： 英语知识运用单项填空注：各单项选择题所考查的知识点：21.主谓一致 22.remain23.keep 的补语 24.on condition that 25.bury 26.主谓一致 27.look up 28. in return for29.memory 30.倒装31. director 32.unite 33. carry out 34. 和take搭配的短语 35.agree21. A解析 neither .nor.连接主语时，

29、谓语动词依照就近原则。22. D. 解析remain 不及物动词，剩下，留下。23. B解析 用inform的过去分词形式作宾语补足语。24. D.解析 on condition that 假如，倘若，引导状语从句。25. B解析 现在分词短语作伴随状语。26. C 解析主谓一致的考查。27. A解析 look up 查找，宾语是查的东西，介词in后再加参考的书，资料字典等。28. C.解析 in return for 作为.的回报29. B 解析in memory of 作为纪念，memorial 纪念碑，纪念物30. D解析 turn up 出现，露面，not only 放句首，句子要用倒装语序。31. A.解析 director 主管，处长，表示职务时不加冠词。32. D 解析unit 团结，联合，It is important that 这一句型中要用虚拟语气，构成为should 加动词