高中英语之写作提高Word文档格式.docx

1、The park looks beautiful.这个公园看起来很漂亮。（连系动词表语作谓语）You must finish the project by Friday.周五前你必须完成任务。（情态动词实义动词作谓语）We have finished reading the book.我们已经看完了这本书。（助动词实义动词作谓语）三、表语表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等，位于系动词之后，与之构成系表结构。可以用作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。His words sounded reasonable.他的话听起来是合理的。（形容词作表语

2、）She is in good health.她很健康。（介词短语作表语）As a matter of fact, blocking, pushing and bumping are just part of a tough game.（2012江苏书面表达）事实上，堵、推和撞是一切激烈比赛不可或缺的一部分。（名词短语作表语）四、宾语1宾语在句中主要充当动作的承受者，因此一般置于及物动词后，但不少介词与动词已构成固定的动词短语，所以介词的宾语亦变为动词短语的宾语。可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、介词短语、从句等。He denied vis

3、iting her house.他否认去过她的家。（动名词作宾语）I hope I will be accepted as a member of your summer camp.（2012新课标全国卷）我希望能被接受为你们夏令营的一员。（从句作宾语）2宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾语。（1）直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果，通常指物。（2）间接宾语表示动作的接受者或指向，通常指人，它位于直接宾语之后，若在其前面则常加介词to或for。They offered me the_job.间接宾语直接宾语（ They offered the_job to me.） 直接宾语 间接宾语他们把那份工作给了我

4、。五、定语定语是用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词或一组词。可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。He works in a steel works.他在一家钢铁厂工作。（名词作定语）There are about fifty people at the meeting.大约有五十人出席了会议。（数词作定语）The blackboard was decorated with beautiful words, which read “Happy Teachers Day！”（2012陕西书面表达）黑板上装饰着美丽的文字，上面写道：“教师节快乐！

5、”（从句作定语）六、状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等。Frightened, she asked me to go with her.由于害怕，她要我跟她一起去。（形容词作状语）I opened the window to let some fresh air in.我打开窗户让新鲜空气进来。（不定式作状语）By talking with them, my oral English improved a lot.（2012通过跟他们交谈，我的口语提高了很多。（介词短语作状语）七、补足语补足语是一种

6、补足主语和宾语意义的句子成分。补足主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补足语；补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补足语。可以用作补足语的有：形容词、名词、不定式、分词和介词短语等。He was seen to go upstairs.有人看见他上楼了。（不定式作主补）I also find it useful to keep English diaries.（2012我也发现记英文日记很有用。（形容词作宾补）.指出下列句子画线部分是什么句子成分1The_aged are well taken care of in the village._答案：主语2He managed to_finish_the_wor

7、k in time._宾语3His wish is to_become_a_scientist._表语4Great changes have_taken_place in China since 1980._谓语5He noticed a man enter_the_room._宾语补足语6Would you tell me your_advice？_me为间接宾语，your advice为直接宾语7He waited to_see_the_result_of_the_game._状语8He was elected chairman_of_the_company._主语补足语9Ill neve

8、r forget the day when_I_worked_together_with_you._定语10It makes no difference whether_he_will_come._主语（it为形式主语）.分析下列句子成分1. 主语_谓语_宾语_宾补_状语2. 主语_定语_表语3. 谓语_宾语_状语4. 状语_主语_谓语_主补5. 主语_谓语_宾语_状语第二周五种基本句式的正确书写句子最重要的部分是主语和谓语，主语是句子的中心，谓语是主语的动作或者主语所处的状态。简单句的骨架就是一个主谓结构，共有五种句型，这五种句型是写作学习的核心内容，因为所谓的复杂的句子，即并列句、主从复合

9、句，全部是简单句组合或相套而来。五种简单句句型如下：一、主语谓语（不及物动词）该句型常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为：句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。The_bird is flying high in the sky.主语 谓语鸟儿在天空中翱翔。Well gather at the Students Club at 8 pm. this Friday, after the evening classes.（2012全国卷书面表达）本周五晚自习之后我们将于8：00 在学生俱乐部集合。二、主语谓语（及物动词）宾语该句型特点为：谓

10、语动词均为实义动词，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语（宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当），即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。We all possess the_same_chance.主语谓语 宾语我们拥有同样的机会。We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.（2012我们必须学会平和地、理智地处理冲突。（不定式短语to handle conflicts作宾语）名师指津该句式的谓语动词要用及物动词。如果是不及物动词，后面一定要跟介词构成及物词组。Some of the students are

11、always longing for holidays.有些学生总是渴望着放假。三、主语系动词表语这就是常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语动词需用系动词（主要是be动词），表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。In other words, we are the_master_of_our_own_future. 主语 系动词表语换句话说，我们是自己未来的掌控者。Conflicts with others are common in everyday life.（2012在日常生活中，与其他人发生冲突是正常的。名师指津除了be动词外，还有一些动词也可以用

12、作系动词：（1）表感官的动词：feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear等。（2）表转变、变化的动词：become, get, grow, turn, go等。（3）表延续的动词：remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。（4）表瞬间的动词：come, fall等。The problem remains to be settled.这个问题有待解决。四、主语谓语（及物动词）间接宾语直接宾语该句型中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面，直接宾语在后面。Hegavem

13、esome_beautiful_photos.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语他给了我一些漂亮的照片。名师指津双宾语结构只能跟在某些及物动词后面，主要有以下三类动词：（1）give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send, pay, pass, allow, return等。这一类动词后的间接宾语可以用介词to引导的短语来表示。Please hand him a book! Please hand a book to him!请递给他一本书。（2）buy, do, get, fetch, save, make, sing, c

14、hoose等。这一类动词后的间接宾语可以用介词for引导的短语来表示。Her father bought her a bike. Her father bought a bike for her.她的父亲给她买了一辆自行车。（3）ask, answer, take, cost等。这一类动词无法改变结构形式。The car cost me 2,000 yuan for the repair.这次修车我花了两千元。五、主语谓语（及物动词）宾语宾语补足语该句型中的动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情

15、况的，直接跟在宾语之后。We elected him monitor_of_our_class.主语 谓语 宾语 宾补我们选举他为班长。As a high school student, I consider English a very important subject.（2012山东书面表达）作为一名中学生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。.判断下列简单句的类型1He looked unhappy at that time.主语系动词表语2He lost the money on his way home.主语谓语宾语3Mr Wang taught us English last yea

16、r.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语4The time passed quickly.主语谓语5We are making our country more and more beautiful.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语.高考作文单句翻译1（2012安徽书面表达）在中国，理科生要比文科生需求量大得多。（主系表结构）Science_graduates_are_in_greater_demand_than_arts_ones_in_China.2（2012福建书面表达）这种行为让我陷入了深深的思考。（主语谓语宾语宾语补足语）Such_behavior_left_me_deep_in_thought.3（20

17、12全国卷）我们想给他一个惊喜。（主语谓语直接宾语间接宾语）We_want_to_give_him_a_surprise.4（2012安徽书面表达）高中生面临着文理科的选择。（主系表结构，be faced with）High_school_students_are_faced_with_a_choice_between_arts_and_science.习作提升（改正下列短文中的错误）学生习作：正确表达：Most of Li Mings classmates have become leaders or businessmen, but he remains a dustman. He oft

18、en says what he does is also very important to others. He isnt discouraged. On the contrary, he is always in high spirits. We should learn from him and try to become useful builders for our society.第三周There be句型的灵活运用There be句型由“therebe主语”构成，用以表达存在关系。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际意义。There i

19、s a tall tree in front of the classroom.教室前有棵大树。一、There be的基本句型1there be结构有不同的时态形式，而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。There was a meeting in our school yesterday.昨天在我们学校召开了一次会议。There cant be any mistakes in his passage.他的文章里不可能有什么错误。2there be结构中的谓语动词be可用seem/appear to be, happen to be, is likely to be等代替。There used

20、to be a book store on the corner.以前在这个街口有家书店。There is likely to be something wrong with his computer.他的电脑可能出了问题。3在there be句型中，be可以用live, stand, come, go, lie, exist等动词来代替，表示存在。Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple.从前，那座庙里住着一个老和尚。There stands a History Museum near the station.在车站的附近矗

21、立着一座历史博物馆。4在there be句型中，谓语动词和后面的主语在数方面要保持一致。如果有两个或更多的主语，则与离动词最近的那个主语保持一致，即遵循就近一致原则。There is only a table, four chairs and a small bed in the room.房间里只有一张桌子、四把椅子和一张小床。二、There be的拓展句型1There be 主语（for sb.） to doThere are still many things for us to do.我们还有很多的事情要做。2There be 主语现在分词There were many student

22、s holding an opposite view.有很多学生持相反意见。3There be 主语过去分词There were trees planted by students all over the mountain.满山都是学生们种植的树。4There be 主语定语从句/同位语从句There are many people who dont agree.有很多人不同意。There exists a rule that all teachers should stay at school during working hours.有条规定要求教师在工作时间里待在学校。三、There

23、be句型的常见错误1学生易受汉语影响，句中出现双谓语。误There are two boys are waiting for you.正There are two boys waiting for you.正Two boys are waiting for you.2易把there be错用成there have。误There is going to have a meeting tomorrow.正There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.3易把there be结构与it is相混淆。误It is no doubt that he will pass t

24、he exam.正There is no doubt that he will pass the exam.四、There be句型的常见结构There is no doubt . 毫无疑问There is no need . 没有必要There is no possibility . 没有可能There is no sense/point in doing sth. 做没有意义There is no denying . 不可否认There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.毫无疑问，我

25、们的教育制度有令人不满意的地方。There is no denying that the qualities of their life have gone from bad to worse.不可否认的是，他们的生活质量已经每况愈下。.用there be结构转换句型1It often rains in my hometown.There_is_a_lot_of_rain in my hometown.2It seems that something is wrong with the computer.There_seems_to_be something wrong with the co

26、mputer.3Some teachers from other schools visited our school last week.There_were_some_teachers_from_other_schools_visiting our school last week.4Your daughter is good at English. You neednt worry about her.Your daughter is good at English.There_is_no_need_for_you_to worry about her.5It is impossible

27、 to deny that he is a great man.There_is_no_denying that he is a great man.用there be结构翻译句子1操场上碰巧有很多人。There_happened_to_be_a_lot_of_people_on_the_playground.2有20名学生支持这个观点。There_are_twenty_students_supporting/who_support_the_idea.3山脚下似乎有人在伐树。There_seems_to_be_someone_cutting_down_trees_at_the_foot_of_the_mountain.4灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。The_lights_are_on._There_must_be_someone_in_the_office.5你来之前就有过很多起这样的事故。There_had_been_many_such_accidents_be