高三英语复习必修3 Module 1Module 2外研社知识精讲Word格式.docx

1、 2. Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance，a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years. 佛罗伦萨，一个意大利城市，因开始于14世纪并持续了300年的文艺复兴运动而闻名。 （1）此句包含有两个定语从句，两个以which引导的从句都在句中做主语。 （2） last vi.持续；支持；维持 例句：She wont last long in that job，i

2、ts too tough. 她做那份工作坚持不了多久，那工作太困难了。 【例】In an hour，we can travel to places _ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. （2006年上海） A. where B. when C. which D. what【解析】答案为C. which引导定语从句在句中作主语；where引导定语从句在从句中作状语，意为“在地方”；when引导定语从句在从句中作状语，意为“当的时候”；what引导名词性从句，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。 3. But each of them sends r

3、epresentatives to the European Parliament，which has some control over what happens in each of the member countries. 欧洲议会有权协调各成员国国内所发生的事情，每一个成员国在议会中都派有一个代表。 （1） 句中which引导一个非限制性定语从句；what引导了一个宾语从句作介词over的宾语。 （2） control n.v.控制She may be old，but she still in control of all that is happening. 她尽管人已老了，然而仍

4、由她掌管一切事情。 常用短语： out of control失去控制 under the control of.受的控制 You can find whatever you need at the shopping center，_ is always busy at the weekend.（2006年上海春季） A. that B. where C. what D. which 【解析】答案为D. which引导非限制性定语从句，它修饰宾语从句中的the shopping center. 4. The expanded European Union has a population of

5、more than half a billion people，twice as big as the population of the United States. 扩大了的欧盟拥有5亿人口，是美国人口的两倍之多。 句中twice as big as是英语中倍数的表达方法，倍数表达法常有四种： A的长度是B的三倍： （1）A is 3 times as big as B. （2）A is 3 times bigger than B. （3）A is 3 times the size of B. （4）The size of A is 3 times what B is. A rough e

6、stimate，Nigeria is _ Great Britain. （2005年上海） A. three times the size as B. the size three times of C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of 【解析】答案为D 句意：粗略估计，尼日利亚是英国的三倍大。 5. From this agreement came the Human Development Report.人类发展报告就出自这项协议。 （1） 该句是全部倒装，属于介词或副词短语位于句首时表示强调。The door o

7、pened and in came Mr. Smith，our headmaster. 门开了，进来的是史密斯先生，我们的校长。 （2） 如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。In he came and the lesson began. 他走进来开始上课。 Just in front of our house _ with a history of 1000 years. （2006年上海春季） A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall tree C. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands 【解析】答

8、案为B该句为完全倒装，其结构是：介词短语或地点副词here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away等谓语动词主语。 6. Norway is at the top of the list，while the US is at number 7。 挪威高居榜首，而美国反排名第七。 （1） while在本句中作并列连词，作“然而”解，连接一个并列句，表示前后意义上的对比或转折。While the grandparents love the children，they are strict with them. “虽然祖父母们都爱他们的孩子，但

9、却对他们要求严格”。 （2）还可用作从属连词，表示“当的时候，和同时”Please dont talk so loud while others are working. 别人在工作时，别高声说话。 （3）辨析：while，when和as while常表示一个较长的时间和过程，强调从句动作与主句同时，它引导的从句的动作是延续性的。when可指较短的时间，也可指较长的时间；它引导的时间状语从句中的动作可以是延续性的也可以是非延续性的。as常可与when通用，但它强调主句和从句动作或时间同时发生，因此常作“一边一边”解。 We were swimming in the lake _ suddenl

10、y the storm started. （2004年北京春季） A. when B. while C. until D. before 【解析】答案为B 本题考查时间状语从句。when表示“这时”，while表示一段时间，“在的期间”。until直到的时候。before在之前。 7. The bottom ten countries are all African countries，with Sierra Leone（in West Africa）at the bottom of the list.处在末尾的10个国家都是非洲国家，塞拉利昂（西非）排在最后。 （1）with Sierra

11、Leone（in West Africa）at the bottom of the list是with的复合结构。 （2） with的复合结构在句中可作原因、条件、方式、附加说明等状语。 with宾语介词短语With a book in his hand，the teacher came into the classroom. 老师手里拿着一本书进了教室。 With+宾语+形容词She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold. 她走进屋，鼻子被冻得通红。 With+宾语+副词With the meal over，we all w

12、ent home. 吃完饭我们就回家了。 With+宾语+不定式He could not finish it without me to help him. 没有我的帮助，他不可能完成它。 with宾语动名词With the boy leading the way，we found he house easily. 有那个男孩给我们带路，我们很容易的找到了那个房子。 with +宾语过去分词Without anything left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat. 看到食橱里没有剩下的食物，她就出去找吃的了。I co

13、uldnt do my homework with all that noise _. （2004年北京卷） A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on【解析】答案为A with后接复合宾语，动词ing形式作宾补，表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作。根据句意可判断出在有噪音的情况下无法做作业。It was a pity that the great writer died _ his works unfinished. （2004年福建卷） A. for B. with C. from D. of【解析】答案为B with his works unfi

14、nished作状语，说明他去世时的情况。 8. Beijing doesnt have as many freeways as Sydney does.北京不像悉尼那样，有那么多高速公路。 （1）as many as和一样多。I have as many books as you. 我有的书和你的一样多。 （2）相关短语： as much as多达（接不可数名词） as early as尽早 as far as远到 as long as只要；和一样长 as careful as possible尽量细心As long as you dont lose heart，you will succee

15、d in time. 只要你不丧失信心，你终究会成功的。 Our neighbor has _ ours. （2003年北京卷） A. as a big house as B. as big a house as C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as 【解析】答案为B。在asas结构中，第一个as是副词，后接形容词，后一个as是连词，后接比较状语从句。所以其正确顺序是as big a house as. 9. Well，theyre both medium-sized towns of between 100，000 and 2

16、00，000 inhabitants. 它们都是拥有十到二十万人口的中等城市。 （1） medium-sized中型的，普通型的。 类似短语：kind-hearted好心的 middle-aged中年的 cold-blooded冷血的 short-sighted近视的；目光短浅的 （2） both adj. pron. 双方的；两者 作主语He has two brothers, both live in London. 他有两个兄弟，都住在伦敦。 作宾语或构成复合宾语I like these shirts. I will take both of them. 我喜欢这种衬衫，我两件都要。 作

17、定语There are shops on both sides of the street. 街道两边都有商店。 作同位语We both want to go to the party. 我们两个都想去参加聚会。 注意： a. both. and.不但而且 b. both和not连用时表示部分否定。Both of them cannot speak English. 他们两个并不都会说英语。 Tom is a teacher，but Jim isnt. That is to say, _. A. neither of them is a teacher B. both of them are

18、not teachers C. either of them is a teacher D. all of them are not teachers 【解析】 答案为B。否定词not与表示整体概念的词（both, all, every, everything等）连用，表示部分否定。此句意为：他们两个并不都是老师。四、重点语法（）一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或动作的目标，被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式。以下几种情况常用被动语态： 1.动作的

19、执行者不明确。The book has been translated into many languages. 2.没有必要指出动作的执行者。A new school will be set up where there is a farm now. 3. 强调动作的承受者。The twenty-three-year-old young man was chosen general manager of the big department store by the salesmen and sales women.只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的词组才会有被动语态。 一般现在时： 例句 St

20、udents are often compared to flowers while teachers are compared to gardeners. 学生通常被比作花朵；老师被比作园丁。 In some parts of the world，such as England，tea is served with milk and sugar. 在世界某些地方，如英国，茶通常加入牛奶和糖来喝。 一般过去时：He went to the country and was warmly welcomed. 他去了那个国家并受到热烈欢迎。 When I was in the third grade

21、，I was picked to be the princess in the school play. 当我在三年级的时候，在学校的话剧里我被选出饰演公主。 The heros story _differently in the newspaper. （2005年全国卷） A. was reported B. was reporting C. reports D. reported 【解析】答案为A story是report动作的被执行者，所以要用被动语态。 Why did you leave that position？ I _ a better position at IBM. （200

22、5年北京卷） A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered 【解析】答案为D根据问句的时态可确定用一般过去时。was offered是被动语态，表示被提供了更好的职务。（二）主谓一致 谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致，这就叫主谓一致。 1. 集体名词做主语时，谓语动词情况有三种。 （1）有些集体名词如cattle, folk, people, youth, clergy（教士），police等常作复数看。The police are questioning everyone in the house. 警察正在盘问房间里的每一个人。 Pe

23、ople next door are making so much noise，I cant concentrate. 隔壁的人制造的噪音太大了，我不能够集中精力。 （2）有些集体名词（表示总称）如machinery, stationery, merchandise,（商品），foliage（树和植物叶子的总称）等看作单数。New machinery is being installed in the factory. 工厂里正在安装新机器。 （3）有些集体名词如family, army, audience, class，club，committee，company，crowd，group，g

24、overnment，jury，party，staff，team，union，public，poultry等根据意思决定，有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待。The public wants to know：why hasnt anything been done to end the strike？ 公众想知道：为什么没有采取措施来结束罢工？ The public are the best judge. 公众是最好的法官。 2.由neither. nor., either or.连接两个主语时，谓语动词的形式与后面的主语保持一致。这样的词还有or, whether. or, not only. b

25、ut also, not. but等。Either my grandsons or their father is coming. 我孙子和他们的父亲都不来。 Professor Smith，along with his assistants，_ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.（2005年上海卷） A. work B. working C. is working D. are working 【解析】答案为C。现在进行时可以表示目前这一阶段中正在做的事。Professor Smith是主语，所以要选is working. W

26、ith more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth _ each year. （2005年山东卷） A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away 【解析】答案为D quantities of可用于可数名词或不可数名词前，表示：大量的，用复数。（三） 连词 1. 连词概述 用来连接词、短语、从句与句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句中不重读，不能独立充当句子成分。2. 连词的分类 连词主要分为两

27、类；并列连词和从属连词。并列连词是用来连接平行的词、词组或分句，常见连词有：and ,but, so, or等。从属连词是用来引导从句的，常见连词有：if , although, though等。 （1）并列连词 按照其意义，并列连词大体分为四类： 表示联合关系的并列连词有and, both. and.，neither. nor.，not only. but also.，as well as.，and. as well等。Not only Mr. Lin but also his son joined the Party two years ago. 两年前，不光林先生入了党，他的儿子也入了。 Our English teacher has knowledge and