医学考博阅读课程讲义全Word格式文档下载.docx

1、能抓住文章重点和主题做题准确定位问题答案，熟悉各种题型，能对选项进行正确筛选复习计划1、 词汇要有基本的六级词汇量，再增加2000左右医学科普类词汇，包括常见疾病名称、常见器官名称、常见医疗器械名称、生物科技新进展等方面的词汇大体需要8000多个单词，重点复习高中以上的近4000个单词，主要是动词和形容词。2、 如何背单词1小时40个单词左右艾宾浩斯记忆曲线（如右）单词背诵保证3-5天内复习一次，7天左右复习第二次，后一次复习时间间隔倍增，经过7次记熟单词研究历年真题做题步骤：1）先做模拟2）学习该篇文章，查询每一个不认识的单词，同时看懂每句话，并能翻译3）分析文章结构4）题目分析5）选项分析

2、精读、泛读能力的训练1） 医疗期刊2） 西方大网站的健康栏目和频道New York Times The Economist泛读训练目标1） 练速度2） 练猜测、练跳跃3） 了解文章背景，西方背景泛读资料1） 卫生类职称英语资料2） 医学英语类教材3） 英语世界等小杂志方法总结：一、 快速多次背单词二、 精读历年真题三、 精读训练四、 定量定范围做泛读第二章 考博阅读理解专项练习2002年人民大学真题Passage 24 （2002中国人民大学）Real policemen, both Britain and the United States hardly recognize any rese

3、mblance between their lives and what they see on TVif they ever get home in time. There are similarities, of course, but the cops dont think much of them.The first difference is that a policemans real life revolves round the law. Most of his training is in criminal law. He has to know exactly what a

4、ctions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down an alley after someone he has to talk to.Little of his time is spent in chatting to

5、 scantily clad ladies or in dramatic confrontations with desperate criminal. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guiltyor notof stupid, petty crimes.Most television crime drama is about finding the cr

6、iminal; as soon as hes arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attackswhere failure to produce results reflects on the standing of the policelittle effort is spent on searching. The police have

7、an elaborate machinery which eventually shows up most wanted men.Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence. Much of this has to be given by people who dont want to get involved in a co

8、urt case. So as well as being overworked, a detective has to be out at all hours of the day and night interviewing his witnesses and persuading them, usually against their own best interests, to help him.A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant moral twil

9、ight in which the real one lives. Detectives are subject to two opposing pressures: first as members of a police force they always have to behave with absolute legality, secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have

10、to break the rules in small ways.If the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindednessas he sees itof citizens, social

11、 workers, doctors, law makers, and judges, who, instead of stamping out crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detectives feel, is that nine tenths of their work is reaching people who should have stayed behind bars. This makes them rather c

12、ynical.16It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law _ .Aso that he can catch criminals in the streetsBbecause many of the criminals he has to catch are dangerousCso that he can justify his arrests in courtDbecause he has to know nearly as much about law as a professional lawyer17T

13、he everyday life of a policeman or detective is _ .Aexciting and glamorousBfull of dangerCdevoted mostly to routine mattersDwasted on unimportant matters18When murders and terrorist attacks occur the police _ .Aprefer to wait for the criminal to give himself awayBspend a lot of effort on trying to t

14、rack down their manCtry to make a quick arrest in order to keep up their reputationDusually fail to produce results19The real detective lives in “an unpleasant moral twilight” because _ .Ahe is an expensive public servantBhe must always behave with absolute legalityChe is obliged to break the law in

15、 order to preserve itDhe feels himself to be cut off from the rest of the world20Detectives are rather cynical because _ .Anine tenths of their work involves arresting peopleBhardly anyone tells them the truthCsociety does not punish criminals severely enoughDtoo many criminals escape from jail1、扫描题

16、干，提炼关键词1） 找共性词2） 重点关注问原因的题3） 重点关注与作者有关的题2、通读全文，抓住中心通读是以抓住文章主旨和结构为目的的一种快速阅读方式。通读中要把握两点：（1）首段原则，即文章第一段或前1/4尽量逐字逐句读懂（2）首末句原则：抓住段落主旨，一般出现在首句、末句或段中 转折词后。在看懂主旨的情况下，粗略阅读细节、论据、例子、数字、引言等信息，无需重复和回读抓住中心就是要明确下述三个问题：（1）本文的核心话题是什么？（2）各段大意是什么？（3）作者观点和态度3、确定题型，排除干扰项七种常见错误选项陷阱：（1）偷换概念（2）正反混淆：较难词替换，单数否定（3）时态错误（4）扩大范围

17、（5）无中生有（无关常识，无关真理）（6）答非所问（尤其细节题）（7）虚拟语气语法：（1）定语从句（2）名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句（3）分词状语（4）独立主格（5）虚拟语气2000年试题Passage 1A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period a

18、fter the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the worlds best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians

19、whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some

20、 huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith（Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Koreas LG Electronics in July.）Foreign made cars and textiles were sweep

21、ing into the domestic market. Americas machine tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Ame

22、ricans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of Americas industrial decline. Their sometimes sensa

23、tional findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the

24、 turning of the business cycle. Self doubt has yielded to blind pride“American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quickwitted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvards Kennedy School of Government“It makes me proud to be an American just t

25、o see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”1T

26、he U. Sachieved its predominance after World War because _A it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal B its domestic market was eight times larger than before C the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitorsD the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to i

27、ts economy 2The loss of U. Spredominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American _.ATV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market Bsemiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises Cmachinetool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions Dau

28、to industry had lost part of its domestic market 3What can be inferred from the passage?AIt is human nature to shift between self doubt and blind prBIntense competition may contribute to economic progress.CThe revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.DA long history of success may

29、 pave the way for further development.4The author seems to believe the revival of the U. Seconomy in the 1990s can be attributed to the _Aturning of the business cycle Brestructuring of industry Cimproved business management Dsuccess in education 定位原则1、信号词定位2、自然段顺序原则3、长难句定位原则细节题解题原则将选项逐一与原文核对，不要凭印象做

30、题。Passage 4I had never been in the public ward of a hospital before, and it was my first experience of doctors who handle you without speaking to you or, in a human sense, taking any notice of you. They only put on six glasses in my case, but after doing so they scarified the blisters and applied th

31、e glasses again, Each glass now drew out about a dessert spoonful of dark-colored blood, I had aches and pains all over. As I lay down again, humiliated, disgusted and frightened by the thing that had been done to me, I reflected that now at least they would leave me alone. But no, not a bit of it. There was another treatment