1、Machine-building indutry 及其制造业Precision machine tool 精密机床Digitally-controlled machine 数控机床Operate a lathe 开车床Electro-mechanical product机电产品Automobile industry/car factory 汽车工业、汽车厂Jeep/ truck; lorry/ minibus 吉普车/卡车/面包车An inernal combustion engine 内燃机Ship-building industry/ shipyard 造船工业/造船厂Chemical i
2、ndustry/ chemical works 化学工业/化学厂Petroleum industry/ petro-chemical works 石油工业/石油化工厂Oil well 油井Building industry 建筑业Brick layer/ carpenter/ plumber 瓦工/木匠/水管工,管道工Architect建筑师Textile industry/cotton textile mill/ wollen mill/ clothing factory/ knitwear mill 纺织工业/棉纺厂/毛纺厂/服装厂/针织厂Chemical fibre/ synthetic
3、 fibre 化学纤维/人造纤维Electronics industry 电子工业A cigarette-making factory/ a paper mill 卷烟厂/造纸厂英译汉(一)Robot Even before1 the first robot was built, the subject of robotics was controversial. The word “robot” was coined in 1921 by a Czech playwright who wrote about a colony of 2machines endowed with artific
4、ial intelligence that eventually turned against3 their human creators4. Although that account was fictional, the first industrial robots were in use by the early 1960s. Today, we continue to be intrigued by robots and their potential5for both good and evil. Basically, a robot is any machine that per
5、forms work or other actions normally done by humans6. Most robots are used in factories to make products such as cars and electronics. Others are used to explore underwater, in volcanoes and even on other planets. Robots consist of three main components: a brain, which is usually a computer; actuato
6、rs and mechanical parts such as motors, wheels and gears; and sensors for detecting images, sound, temperature, motion and light. With these basic components, robots can interact with their environment and perform the tasks they are designed to carry out. The advantages are obvious robots can do thi
7、ngs humans just dont want to do, and they are usually more cost effective. Robots can also do things more precisely than humans and7 allow progress in medical science and other useful advances. But, as with any machine, a robot can break down and even cause disaster. Theres also the possibility that
8、 wicked people will use robots for evil purposes. Yet this is also true with8 other forms of technology such as weapons and biological material. Robots will probably be used even more in the future. They will continue to do tasks where danger, repetition, cost or the need for precision prevents huma
9、ns from performing9. As to whether they will be used for good or evil that depends on the nature of the humans who create them. 课文词汇robotics 机器人学intrigue 激起兴趣coin(词语)生造,杜撰actuator 驱动装置 参考译文机器人早在第一个机器人制造出来之前1,机器人学就已是个颇有争议的话题。“机器人”这个词是由一名捷克的剧作家于1921年创造的。他在作品中描写了一群2被赋予人工智慧的机器逐渐与它们的创造者人类反目为敌3(反目成仇)4。虽然这
10、个故事是虚构的,但在20 世纪60 年代初期,第一批工业用机器人真的诞生了。直至今日,我们依然对机器人及其正、反两面的潜质5(及其亦善亦邪的可能性)具有高度的好奇心(显示出极大的兴趣)。基本而言,机器人是指任何能代替人工作业的机械6。大多数的机器人是用来在工厂里制造汽车与电子产品,其它的运用于海底、火山、甚至其他星球的探测。机器人主要由三部分组成:脑部 通常是一部计算机;驱动装置和机械零部件 如马达、轮子和传动器;感应器 用于侦察图像、声音、温度、位移和动作,以及光线。藉助这些基本零件,机器人便能与其所处的环境交互,并且执行它们被设计完成的任务。机器人的优点是显而易见的,它们可以做人类不愿做的
11、事,而且往往比较经济实惠(而且往往用起来比较划算)。机器人做事也比人要更精确,因此7,促进了医学及其它各方面的有益发展(所以对医学以及其它方面,促成了很大的进展)。然而,就像其它的任何机器一样,机器人也会出故障,甚至造成灾害。坏人也可能会利用机器人为非作歹。其他科技,如武器和生物材料,也可能出现同样的情况8(同样的情形,也可见证于其他科技上,如武器和生物材料等科技)。在将来,机器人的运用可能会更广。它们将继续从事那些人类不敢从事的危险的、重复性的、代价高昂的以及对精确度要求高的工作9(它们将继续从事危险、重复、代价高昂、或是需要高精确度,而人类无法适任的工作)。至于到底利用它们来为善或为恶,就
12、要看其创造者人类的本质了。 译文评析1 连词before 在这里表达一个简单的时间概念“在 之前”,它前面若有副词even 往往用于加强语气,可译为“早在 之前”或“在 之前早就”。2 这里colony 不表示殖民地,a colony of 表示一个群体,可理解为a group of people / animals / plants 如:a colony of ants 蚁群,a seal colony 海豹群,an artists colony 聚居的艺术家。3 turn against sb意为become unfriendly or hostile toward sb. 所以可译为“与
13、反目或为敌”。4这句话中包含两个定语从句,即在由who 引导的定语从句中又套了一个由that 引导的定语从句,其先行词分别为playwright 和machines 。这种一个句子中定语从句套定语从句的情况被称为嵌套式定语从句,它是复杂定语从句中常见的一种。译时可遵循简单定语从句的译法,将两者均译为并列句分别修饰其先行词“他在作品中描绘了一群被赋予人工智慧的机器,他们最终与他们的创造者人类反目成仇”,或将先行词译成主语,把定语从句译成谓语或动宾结构“这位剧作家(他)描写了一群被赋予人工智慧的机器逐渐与他们的创造者人类反目成仇”。5. potential 这里既可译为“潜质、潜能”,也可译为“可
14、能性”。6这句话中只包含一个简单的限制性定语从句,因为较短,所以被译成汉语时可置于先行词前,译为“的”结构。7连词and 有多种用法。因此在翻译时必须首先弄清其含义,然后再找出恰当的译法。仔细推敲原文,可以看出这里and 既不表示并列,也不表示对比,而是表示结果,相当于and therefore ,可译为“因此”、“所以”、“因而”或省而不译。这种用法在科技英语里尤为常见。如: Sound is carried by air, and without air there can be no sound. 声音是由空气传播的,因此,没有空气就没有声音。 Light of this strengt
15、h can be very useful and has already found many different applications in science. 这种高强度的光非常有用,因而已在科学上有多种不同的用途。8. be true with/of 表示上述情况“对也适用,符合于”。例如:Possibly the same is true of social work译文:或许社会福利工作也是这种情况。9此句译成汉语后前置定语显得颇长,因此还可增词译为两个分句“他们将继续从事人类无法胜任的工作,这些工作具有危险、重复性强、代价高昂或是精确度要求高的特点。”英译汉(二)European
16、s Declare War on the SUV Londons mayor Ken Livingstone is no friend to1 the motorcar. He has rejected2 his official limo and imposed a high charge on drivers entering the city center. But he reserves his particular scorn3 for the SUV. Last month he proposed a 25 charge three times todays levyon ever
17、y gas guzzler entering the citys “congestion zone”. So what if SUV owners squeal in protest? Why shouldnt they pay a penalty4, says Livingstone, for choosing to buy “one of the most polluting vehicles” in the world? Think of it as Europes new “hate affair” with allegedly planet-hostile5 super-cars.
18、A recent British poll found that 70 percent favor higher taxes on SUVs. A flurry of prohibitions, levies and initiatives6 from Spain to Switzerland testifies to a similar antipathy elsewhere. Sian Berry of the Alliance Against Urban 4x4s in London says, “SUVs are symbolic of how our car culture has
19、moved in the wrong direction.” Popular sentiment may be turning against the giant automobile7, hut so far it s not reflected in the numbers. Annual sales have almost quadrupled since the early 1990s, topping 1 million, or 7 percent of the total car market in 2005. “Its been phenomenal,” says Peter S
20、chmidt of the British Automotive Industry Consultancy Firm. “In virtually every single European country. SUV sales have been rising at double-digit rates. limo 豪华轿车SUV 多功能运动车levy 征收费用gas guzzler 耗油量大的汽车congestion 拥堵squeal 尖叫a flurry of 一阵,一系列testify 证明antipathy 反感4*4s 四轮驱动车quadruple 是四倍phenomenal 非常
21、大欧洲人向SUV 宣战伦敦市长肯 利文斯通绝不喜欢汽车。他坚决不肯乘坐政府为他配备的紊华桥车,他还时驾车进入伦软市中心的驾车者征收高额费用。他尤其看不惯多功能运动车(SUV )。上个月他建议时驾驶SUV 进入伦敦拥堵区的人征收25 英镑的费用,比目前高出两倍。如果SUV 车主抗议这种做法怎么办?利文斯通说,他们选择购买了世界上“对环境污染最严重的一款汽车,难道不应该为此多交些罚款4 吗?” 可以把这件事看成欧洲出现的新“仇恨事件”,针对的是会对地球环境产生不良影响的超级豪华车。英国最近进行的一项民意调查发现,70 的人支持时SUV 车主课以重税。从西班牙到瑞士,针叶SUV 颁布了一系列禁令、征
22、收高额费用、或者倡议民众不要购买这种车6 ,这证明其他地方也对SUV 怀有反感。沙恩 贝里是一个反时在伦敦开四轮驱动车联盟的成员,他说: SUV 标志着我们的汽车文化已经误入歧途。从情绪上说,大众也许正在开始反对像SUV 这样的大家伙7,但至今还未在数字上体现出来:自上世纪9O 年代初以来,SUV 的年销售额几乎增长了3 倍,超过了100 万辆,2005 年其销售占到了汽车总悄量的7 。英国汽车行业咨询公司的彼得 施密特说:“增长非常显著。事实上,在几乎任何一个欧洲国家,SUV 的梢童都保持着两位数的增长。1如果译者认为将no friend to the motorcar 译成“决非汽车之友”
23、在汉语中不太常见,可以采取“词类转换”的翻译技巧,将名词转为动词,将no friend 转译为“不喜欢”。2采取“正反译法”(也即将不带否定词的词组转为带有否定词的词组),将reject 处理为“坚决不肯”,能更很好地表现出对豪华车的反感。3同以上评析2 ,此处同样采取“正反译法”将reserve his particular scorn 处理为“尤其看不惯”,更符合汉语的表达习惯。4英汉两种语言的搭配往往不同,如英语中说pay a penalty (过罚款),而汉语则是“交罚款”。翻译时要注意英汉两种语言的不同搭配习惯。5据七下文分析,此处的Planet 是指“地球”,因此在汉语译文中应进一
24、步明确。对Planet-hostile 可采取“视点转换”的翻译技巧,译为“对地球不利的”或“对地球环境产生不良影响的”。6. initiative 在句中意为“倡议”,但“倡议”什么?原文含意是隐含的,译为汉语时须“化隐为显”,将隐含的意思补出。7英语常使用“无灵(无生性)主语(inanimate subject) ,汉语则喜欢使用“有灵(有生性)主语(animate subject) ,英译汉时可由“无灵主语”向“有灵主语”转化。因此,译文中可取“大众”做主语,而将原文主语sentiment 处理为状语。 英汉翻译技巧(八)简单定语从句的翻译英语的定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从
25、句,两类定语从句在翻泽方法上基本类似,且都为右开放型,放在被修饰语之后。一个句子可以向右扩展无数个从句;而汉语则不然,定语部分置于被修饰语之前(左边),不能像英语那样随意地扩展。因此,在翻译英语定语从句时,我们经常采用下列三种方法:1合并法,即在句式较短的情况下,将英语定语从句用“的”结构译出,置于被修饰的词之前,将英语原文的复合句译成汉语的简单句。这种方法多用于限制性定语从句。 A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending a nursery schoo
26、l. 附近没有同龄伙伴和自己玩的儿童,上托儿所可以得到很多的益处。 The first two must be equal for all who terms of intelligence is to be made. 如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话,必须是一样的。2分译法,即化整为零。当英语定语从句较长时,如果译成前置定语,就不符合汉语的表达习惯。,在这种情况下,通常把定语从句译成并列的分句,置于原来它所修饰的词的后面。 They are striving for the ideal which 15 close to the heart of every Chinese and for
27、 which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现一个理想而努力,这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的。在过去,许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。 It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources and to social science historians who equate their activity with
28、specific techniques. 这种谬误在历史传统派和历史社科派中都存在。前者认为,历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各史料来源的评论;而后者则认为,历史的研究就是具体 方法的研究。3混和法,即打破原文的定语结构。译者根据自己对原文的正确理解,用自己的话译出原文的意思。 Good clocks have pendulums which are automatically compensated for temperature changes. 好的钟摆可以自动补偿温度变化造成的误差。 此外,在很多情况下,英语中的定语从句具有状语的功能,在逻辑上与主句有状语关系。这时,可视情况将其译作与汉
29、语相应的表示原因、结果、目的、时间、条件、让步等的状语从句。 Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot can 下out creative work and replace man. 尽管电子计算机有许多优点,但是它们不能进行创造性工作,也不能代替人。Anyone who stops absorbing new knowledge is certain to lag behind. 任何人如果停止汲取新知识,就肯定会落后。 主题相关汉语词语工业园区industrial park 发展新兴产业和高技术产业develop newly risen and high-tech industries 改进产业结构和产品结构improve the industrial pattern and product mix 振兴支柱产业invigorate pillar industries 朝阳产业sunrise industry 基础设施工程第一期the first phase ( stage ) of the infrastructure project 与去年同期相比,生产成本下降T 三分之一(33 % )。Th
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