英语二轮复习专题3名词Word格式.docx

1、2013年2014年三、命题规律 1.安徽高考单选题近六年共有3次（2014年安徽29：2010年安徽，25；2009安徽，31，）对名词进行了考查，都是关注名词词义在语境中的辨析。 2.全国各地近六年高考重点考查一般在单项选择以及完型填空中出现, 绝大多数是考查名词词义辨析, 名词和表示数量词结合的考查, 名词短语搭配以及主谓一致的考查以及在具体语境中的理解和应用也将占有一席之地。 3.安徽高考任务型读写题型对名词的考查也不容忽视。从09年设题以来，几乎一半以上的词都是名词。主要考查原文关键词，词性转化，概括归纳等。四、命题趋势从近五年安徽高考题可以看出，名词在单选中的考查不是每年出现，但是

2、仍需要考生重视。鉴于近几年安徽高考考试说明不断增加词汇量，可能继续关注对名词的辨析，考查难度可能会呈上升趋势。五、突破方法 1. 名词的辨析是高考的热点, 主要考查考生结合语境区分词义、固定搭配的能力, 因而在记忆单词时, 一定要结合语境体会其意义。 2.注意熟词生义，认真辨析语境中常见单词的陌生含义。多背诵印发的资料。 3.平时备考中注意积累有关名词的习惯用法和固定搭配。六、 名词的基本考点名词的数规则1: 以-s结尾，仍为单数的名词多为学科名词，如：physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics。规则2: 表示一类事物总称的名

3、词，常作不可数名词看待而不能加“s”。如： furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence 。规则3: 有些名词形式上虽是单数，但表示的是复数含义。people, police, cattle, staff, public, theadj., the分词（表示一类人） 。规则4：对于集体名词，当它表示一个整体时，视作单数；当它侧重各个成员时，视作复数。规则5: 有些名词单复数同形。fish, deer, sheep, youth, Chinese, Japanese, means, species,

4、crossroads, series, works。a means of transportationa greatworksof literature规则6: 由连字符构成的复合名词的“数”（1）是合成名词的复数形式通常只将其中的主体名词变成复数。lookers-on 参观者，sons-in-law 女婿，editors-in-chief主编，shoe-makers 鞋匠（2）是如果没有主体名词，在最后一个词上加复数（词尾）。go-betweens 中间人，grown-ups 成人，follow-ups 续集.（3）是man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，定语和被修饰词都变成

5、复数。men workers，women teachers，gentlemen officials注意：1 一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，在具体化的抽象名词前加a，一般译成“一个的人”或“一件的事”It is a pity that you have missed the chance.It is a shame / a pleasure / an honour for sb. to do sth. （1） 抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。抽象名词（不可数） 具体化（个体名词，可数名词） in surprise 惊讶

6、地a surprise 一件令人惊讶的事win success 获得成功a success 一个（件）成功的人（事）win honor 赢得荣誉an honor 一个（件）引以为荣的人（事）Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母.a failure 一个（件）失败的人（事）have pity on sb. 怜悯某人a pity 可惜的事情with pleasure 乐意a pleasure 乐事有一些抽象名词：advice（忠告），behavior（行为），fortune（运气），fun（娱乐），information（情报），progress（进步）

7、，damage（损害），harm（伤害）等, weather（天气），即使被形容词修饰，也不加不定冠词。Karl Marx gave us some advice on how to learn a foreign language well.卡尔马克思就怎样学好外语，提出了许多建议。注，fortune 译为运气时，为不可数名词。但在“make a big fortune”发大财中要加不定冠词。抽象名词后加of短语修饰，其前用不定冠词。have a good knowledge of have a much better command ofhave a better understandin

8、g of have a thorough grasp of a study of history Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today. 许多人都持相同的看法，在当前国际贸易交往中，英语知识是必备的知识2 物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。（1） 物质名词有形或数的相应物体，有单、复数。some coffee 一些咖啡 a coffee 一杯咖啡 some drink 一些饮料 a drink 一杯饮料 his hair 他的头发

9、a few white hairs 几根白发 glass 玻璃 a glass 一只玻璃杯 （2） 物质名词有形容词修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。 have breakfast have a wonderful breakfast The road is covered with snow. They have a heavy snow every year. Time and tide wait for no man. We had a wonderful time last night. 3 有复数形式的不可数名词（1） 有些抽象名词有时以复数形式出现，表示具体化，意义发生变化或构成固定短语

10、。 use ones brains 动脑筋 meet with difficulties 遇到各种困难 make preparations 做准备 in high spirits 情绪高涨 good manners 有礼貌 Many thanks. 非常感谢。 No pains，no gains. 不劳无获。 Congratulations! 祝贺 possessions 所有物，财产 surroundings 环境 （2） 有些物质名词以复数形式出现。 burst into tears 大哭起来 miles of golden sands 绵延几英里的金黄色沙滩 burn to ashes

11、烧成灰烬（2） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：不可数名词复数形式time 时间times 次数；时代；倍数glass玻璃glasses 眼镜wood 木头woods 树林sand 沙子sands 沙滩paper 纸papers 试卷；论文；报纸wish 愿望wishes 问候名词的格1 s所有格的特殊表达形式（1） 用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后。todays newspaper, five minutes walk（drive），five pounds weight, ten dollars worth of apples。（2） 用于表示国家、世界、城市等地

12、方的名词后。the earths plant, the worlds population, Chinas industry, New Yorks parks。（3） 表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格后省去shop，house等名词。the tailors 裁缝店，the barbers理发店，go to the doctors上诊所。2 of所有格（1） 基本形式：a friend of Toms some/two students of mine（2） 无生命名词的所有格则通常用of结构。a map of China，the end of this term，the capital o

13、f our country, the color of the flowers（3） 如果两个名词并列，若分别有加“s”，则表示“分别有”；若只有后一个名词加“s”，则表示两个“共有”。Johns and Marys rooms（两间）；John and Marys room（一间） 。（4） 双重格：of 名词“s”结构。如 a friend of my fathers, works of Lu Xuns 请比较：a picture of mine/ a picture of me Ill take the risk for friendships sake. 为了友谊 She was at

14、 her wits end. 黔驴技穷 Now they could sing at their hearts content. 尽情地 We should get the children out of harms way. 不受损害 We had best keep them at arms length. 保持距离 For goodness sake, stop arguing. 看在上帝的份上 Jane got the moneys worth out of the coat. 很合算名词作定语名词作定语是现代英语较为简洁的修饰语表达方式，根据习惯搭配可归为以下几类： 表示中心词的用途

15、、功能、材料。 stone wall, shoe shop, coffee cup 表示中心词的时间、地点、称呼。 summer school, evening dress, street light 表示中心词的类别、对象、身份。 bike key, animal trainer, woman driver1 名词作定语时，一般用其单数形式，且不随后面的名词的单复数产生变化。 two pencil boxes, girl friends 但是，少数的名词作定语却用复数形式，如： sports shoes 运动鞋 clothes shops 服装店 a sales girl女销售员 a gre

16、etings card 贺卡 a customs officer 海关人员2 man和woman作定语要注意其单复数形式的变化。 a man doctormen doctors; a woman engineerwomen engineers3 名词作定语和所有格作定语的区别。 the girl friend女朋友the girls friend那位女孩的朋友 the woman driver女司机the womans driver那位妇女的司机4 名词作定语和形容词作定语的区别。 名词作定语主要说明物质的材料、来源或对象；形容词作定语主要起修饰、限定的作用。 gold watch金表； go

17、lden sunshine金色的阳光 heart trouble心脏病； hearty welcome热忱的欢迎 convenience food快餐； convenient food制作方便的食品七：总结在二轮分析中，学生仍要重视记忆单词，在背诵名词时，侧重于词义及在具体语境中名词的选用。这些都需要在平时的学习中积累。分类练习1. His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any _ of it.A. explanation B. meaning C. sense D. guess2. Wherever advised to d

18、iet, the overweight lady would say, “Whats the _ of working so hard to lose weight, only to gain it back again?”A. concern B. matter C. effect D. point3. If you like I can do some shopping for you.- Thats a very kind _.A. offer B. service C. point D. suggestion4. Surely you can find the museum, for

19、it is within easy _ of your hotel.A. walk B. reach C. distance D. space5. In a natural disaster, minutes and even seconds of warning can make the _ between life and death.A. division B. difference C. separation D. sense6. Students need to have _ to the computer system.A. right B. approach C. access

20、D. way7. Rose is Mr. Smiths secretary, so she has _ to all his business e-mails.A. power B. account C. way D. access8. Would you like this gold necklace, Madam?- Its beautiful, but out of my price _.A. control B. reach C. aim D. range9. Any help from you will be greatly appreciated. Please give me a

21、 reply at your earliest _.A. convenience B. consideration C. interruption D. imagination10. Much to my _, Im unable to accept your kind invitation.A. fault B. duty C. guide D. regret11. Bettys parents are away for the week, so I think Id go over to keep her _.A. favor B. firm C. absence D. company12

22、. Does that make any _?- Yes, it matters a great deal.A. money B. sense C. difference D. trouble13. Thanks for the _ you did me to move away the stone.- Thats all right.A. favor B. good C. trouble D. kindness14. Under no _ should we seek temporary economic development at the expense of the environme

23、nt and resources.A. catastrophes B. circumstances C. considerations D. commitments15. It was difficult to guess what her _ to the news would be.A. feeling B. opinion C. comment D. reaction16. With international _ and education exchanges increasing every year, the number of Chinese students studying

24、abroad has increased rapidly.A. cooperation B. competition C. construction D. conflict17. It is clear that in modern society high _ and demands are placed on students.A. motivations B. expectations C. standards D. opportunities18. The police are trying to find out the _ of the woman killed in the tr

25、affic accident.A. evidence B. recognition C. identity D. status19. Do you know the school _ in this university?- Yes. Its “Never lose hope”.A. motto B. speech C. expression D. matter20. The British government often says that providing children with _ to the information superhighway is of great impor

26、tance.A. prevention B. protection C. allowance D. access21. In China, the Mid-autumn Festival is a good chance for family get-together under the full moon, a _ for happiness and prosperity.A. signal B. celebration C. feature D. symbol22. After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did

27、 was to provide _ for the homeless families.A. occupation B. furniture C. equipment D. accommodation23. This restaurant has become popular for its wide _ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. range B. circle C. area D. division24. Her biggest pride is that, in _, she does not panic.A. peace B

28、. emergency C. comfort D. amazement25. Pets need a lot of care and _; you can not leave them alone for a long time.A. patience B. attention C. courage D. responsibility26. So far, I havent adapted to the fast _ of the life in Toronto.A. step B. style C. pace D. manner27. Each of us is likely to develop a personal _ for certain types of entertainment.A. comparison B. possession C. preference D. advantage28. Much to the _ of the worried parents, their son finally came b