1、(last night 为具体的过去时间状语,所以用一般过去时态)Ive learned English for three years .(for three years为时间状语,是个时间段,时间跨度大,不具体)学以致用1When _ you _ to learn to skate?-Five years ago.A. do; start B. will; start现在完成时态 详细讲解及其练习一、由“have/has+分词”构成,主要有两个含义:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果,常用的时间状语有many times,just,yet,ever,never,just,alread
2、y,so far, by now等。I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了。(现在我对它不感兴趣了)Have you found your lost pen yet?No, I havent found it yet.(我很着急)表示动作或者状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还将持续下去。用于,常常与so far、for或者since短语连用。since + 时间点 /从句,for + 时间段,如for two months等。二 、现在完成时态和一般过去时态的区别1)现在完成时和都能表示过去发生过的动作,但现在完成时表示过去动作对现在
3、的影响,并且表示这一动作已完成或还可能继续下去;2)而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系,仅表示过去的动作,且这一动作到说话时已终止。因此现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间如:in1949,yesterday,last week等的状语连用,并且用when或where对这些时间和地点状语提问时,一般只用一般过去时。三、在“it is first/second.time that.。”或在“it/this/that is the +最高级+名词+that.。”结构中,that从句中的动词常用现在完成时;在“it + be .+since从句”这一结构中,be可用或现在完成时,since从句一般用过去
4、时。现在完成时可以和带有 since 或 for 等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。I havent seen him for two years.但是,像 come, arrive, buy 等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用,必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换:arrivebe heredie be dead begin(start)be on come backbe backfallill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep) leave be awa
5、y get upbe upfinish be overopen be open close be closedborrow keep 或 be on be in 或 be a member of go to schoolbe a studentbuy have catch(a cold) have(a cold)begin to studystudyget to know know come to workwork 等He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世
6、二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始)学英语已三年了。几点注意事项(1)have been(to)与 have gone( to)的区别:have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于 各人称;have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,前者可与 once , never, several times 等连用,后者则不能。He has been to Beijing.他去过北京(
7、已经回来了)He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 (还没有回来)have/has been in 待在某地They have been in Beijing.他们呆在北京。(2)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连 用。t left here since 1997.自从 1997 年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。现在完成时态练习题一 选择填空。( ) 2. Her father _in1990 and her husband _for more than five years.(A) died ,dead (B) has
8、 died, dead(C) died ,has been dead (D) has died, has died) 3. I have _this nice watch for two years. (A) had (B) bought (C) borrowed (D) lend) 4.He _his home for ten years.(A)has left (B)left from(C)has been away from(D)was away from) 5.He _a league member for three years(A)is (B)has been (C)has bec
9、ome (D)have become) 6.Lihuas brother has _for two years(A)joined the army (C)become a soldier(B)been an army (D)been in the army) 7.He hasnt _Quanzhou ever since he left school(A) left (B)been away (C)been (D)away二 选择填空) 1. Have you finished your homework Yes, I _it last night finish (B)finished (C)
10、have finished (D)will finish( ) 2. _you ever _to Nanjing Yes, I _there last year. (A)Havegone, have gone (B)Didgo, went (C)Havebeen , went (D)Didgo, has , been ) 3.When _you _Lucy in New York?I _her for two years didmeet, havent seen(B)didmeet, dont see(C) havemet, havent seen) 4.He _finished his ho
11、mework yet .( A) didnt (B)havent(C) hasnt(D) doesnt have )5.Have you _traveled on the banch?Yes, I have.(A)just (B)yet C)never (D)ever)6.Have you finished your homework Not_(A)ever (B)already .(C)yet (D)just .) 7 We havent finished our homework,_. (A) already( (B)ever (C)yet(D)never)8.Have you_ lear
12、ned English?Yes, Ive _learned a lot.(A)never, ever(B)ever, never(C)ever, already (D)already. ever) 9.Have you finished your homework _?ve _done that. yet, already(B)already, yet (C)ever, never(D)still, just( )10.Johns father _borrowed some pictures(A ) has just (B)have ever (C)has yet (D)have alread
13、y三 用 since 和 for 填空(一)1) _ two years _ two years ago 2) _ last month 3) _ yesterday 4) _ an hour ago 5) _ she left here 6) _ 4 oclock 8) _ 1999 9) _ 4 hours10) _ lunch time(二)1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2. Ive known him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ t
14、hree years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. Its about ten years _ she left the city.四 单项选择题)1.My mother has worked in this factory _2 years.(A)about ( (B)for (C)in (D)since( )2. His father joined the party_ (A)since three years ago(B)in two years time (C)for three years(D)thre
15、e years ago3. The students have cleaned the classroom , _?A. so theyB. dont theyC. have theyD. havent they4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we _ here for three years.A. have been to B. have been inC. have been D. have gone5.- How long _you_ your dictionary?- About two months. A. did; buyB. ha
16、ve; getC. have; had D. have; bought6. He tells me he_ China for over five years. A. has beenB. has been in C. has been toD. has gone to China7._has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to Nanjing? A. How soon , comes B. How often, got C. How long , came D. How far, arrived8. His uncle_
17、 for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived there D. has left the university9. He has never surfed, _(改成反意疑问句)?10. They have been here since 2000 . (对划线部分提问)_ have they been here?11. The old man _last year. He_ for a year.(die)12. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改写句子,句意不变)
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