DifferencebetweenModernismandPostmodernism现代主Word格式.docx

1、DifferencebetweenModernismandPostmodernism 现代主现代主 Difference between Modernism and Postmodernism According to some theorists,the 20th century can be divided into two distinct periods;#one characterized by the modernism movement and the other by postmodernism.Some believe that postmodernism was a res

2、ponse to modernism and hence consider them as two aspects of the same movement.There are some major differences between modernism and postmodernism.These distinctions make clear,the basic difference in the ways of thinking that led to these movements.The difference between modernism and postmodernis

3、m highlights the difference in the approaches towards life.Modernism describes a collection of cultural movements of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.It consists of a series of reforming movements in art,architecture,literature,music and applied arts.Modernism was characterized by a d

4、ramatic change of thought,whereby human intellect sought to improve their environment.There was a trend of improving every aspect of life by involving science and technology into it.Modernism brought about a reform in all spheres of life including philosophy,commerce,art and literature,with the aid

5、of technology and experimentation.It led to progress in all the aspects of life by changing the approach of mankind of looking at them.Postmodernism means,after the modern.It was a reaction to modernism and was influenced by the disenchantment brought about by the Second World War.Postmodernism refe

6、rs to the state that lacks a central hierarchy and one that is complex,ambiguous and diverse.The developments in society,the economy and the culture of the 1960s were impacted by postmodernism.Modernism Vs.Postmodernism Modernism began in the 1890s and lasted till about 1945.Postmodernism began afte

7、r the Second World War,especially after 1968.Modernism was based on using rational,logical means to gain knowledge while postmodernism denied the application of logical thinking.Rather,the thinking during the postmodern era was based on unscientific,irrational thought process,as a reaction to modern

8、ism.A hierarchical and organized and determinate nature of knowledge characterized modernism.But postmodernism was based on an anarchical,non-totalized and indeterminate state of knowledge.Modernist approach was objective,theoretical and analytical while the postmodernism approach was based on subje

9、ctivity.It lacked the analytical nature and thoughts were rhetorical and completely based on belief.The fundamental difference between modernism and postmodernism is that modernist thinking is about the search of an abstract truth of life while postmodernist thinkers believe that there is no univers

10、al truth,abstract or otherwise.Modernism attempts to construct a coherent world-view whereas postmodernism attempts to remove the difference between high and low.Modernist thinking asserts that mankind progresses by using science and reason while postmodernist thinking believes that progress is the

11、only way to justify the European domination on culture.Modernist thinking believes in learning from past experiences and trusts the texts that narrate the past.On the other hand postmodernist thinking defies any truth in the text narrating the past and renders it of no use in the present times.Moder

12、nist historians have a faith in depth.They believe in going deep into a subject to fully analyze it.This is not the case with postmodernist thinkers.They believe in going by the superficial appearances,they believe in playing on surfaces and show no concern towards the depth of subjects.Modernism co

13、nsiders the original works as authentic while postmodernist thinkers base their views on hyper-reality;#they get highly influenced by things propagated through media.During the modernist era,art and literary works were considered as unique creations of the artists.People were serious about the purpo

14、se of producing art and literary works.These works were believed to bear a deep meaning,novels and books predominated society.During the postmodernist era,with the onset of computers,media and advancements in technology,television and computers became dominant in society.Art and literary works began

15、 to be copied and preserved by the means of digital media.People no longer believed in art and literary works bearing one unique meaning;#they rather believed in deriving their own meanings from pieces of art and literature.Interactive media and Internet led to distribution of knowledge.Music like M

16、ozart,Beethoven,which was appreciated during modernism became less popular in the postmodern era.World music,Djs and remixes characterized postmodernism.The architectural forms that were popular during modernism were replaced by a mix of different architectural styles in the postmodern times.Post-mo

17、dern literature Main article:#Postmodern literature The term Postmodern literature is used to describe certain tendencies in post-World War II literature.It is both a continuation of the experimentation championed by writers of the modernist period（relying heavily,for example,on fragmentation,parado

18、x,questionable narrators,etc.）and a reaction against Enlightenment ideas implicit in Modernist literature.Postmodern literature,like postmodernism as a whole,is difficult to define and there is little agreement on the exact characteristics,scope,and importance of postmodern literature.Henry Miller,W

19、illiam S.Burroughs,Joseph Heller,Kurt Vonnegut,Hunter S.Thompson,Truman Capote,Thomas Pynchon.Postmodernism Postmodernism is a range of conceptual frameworks and ideologies that are defined in opposition to those commonly associated with ideologies of modernity and modernist notions of knowledge and

20、 science,such as formalism,materialism,metaphysics,positivism,realism,reductionism,and structuralism.Postmodernism is not a philosophical movement,but rather a number of philosophical and critical methods.In other words,postmodernism is not a method of doing philosophy,but rather a way of approachin

21、g traditional ideas and practices in non-traditional ways that deviate from pre-established superstructural modes.This has caused difficulties in defining what postmodernism means and it therefore remains a controversial concept.Postmodernism postulates that many,if not all,apparent realities are on

22、ly social constructs and are therefore subject to change.It claims that there is no absolute truth and that the way people perceive the world is subjective and emphasises the role of language,power relations,and motivations in the formation of ideas and beliefs.In particular it attacks the use of sh

23、arp binary classifications such as male versus female,straight versus gay,white versus black,and imperial versus colonial;#it holds realities to be plural and relative,and to be dependent on who the interested parties are and the nature of these interests.Postmodernist approaches therefore often con

24、sider the ways in which social dynamics,such as power and hierarchy,affect human conceptualizations of the world to have important effects on the way knowledge is constructed and used.In contrast to modernism,postmodernist thought often emphasizes constructivism,idealism,pluralism,relativism,and sce

25、pticism in its approaches to knowledge and understanding.Postmodernism is generally considered to have been conceived during the late nineteenth century.Postmodernism gained significant popularity in the 1950s and dominated literature and art by the 1960s.1 Postmodernism has influenced many discipli

26、nes,including religion,literary criticism,sociology,linguistics,architecture,history,anthropology,visual arts,and music.Contents hide 1 Definitional issues 2 Theories and derivatives o2.1 Deconstruction o2.2 Structuralism and post-structuralism o2.3 Elements of Post-Modern Society o2.4 Post-postmode

27、rnism 3 History 4 Influence on art o4.1 Architecture o4.2 Urban Planning o4.3 References（Urban Planning section）o4.4 Literature o4.5 Music 5 Influential postmodernist philosophers 6 Criticisms 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External links edit Definitional issues The term Postmodernism

28、 is often used to refer to different,sometimes contradictory concepts.Conventional definitions include:#Compact Oxford English Dictionary:#a style and concept in the arts characterized by distrust of theories and ideologies and by the drawing of attention to conventions.2 Merriam-Webster:#Either of,

29、relating to,or being an era after a modern one,or of,relating to,or being any of various movements in reaction to modernism that are typically characterized by a return to traditional materials and forms（as in architecture）or by ironic self-reference and absurdity（as in literature）,or,finally of,rel

30、ating to,or being a theory that involves a radical reappraisal of modern assumptions about culture,identity,history,or language.3 American Heritage Dictionary:#Of or relating to art,architecture,or literature that reacts against earlier modernist principles,as by reintroducing traditional or classic

31、al elements of style or by carrying modernist styles or practices to extremes:#It a roadhouse is so architecturally interesting.with its postmodern wooden booths and sculptural clock.4 While the term Postmodern and its derivatives are freely used,with some uses apparently contradicting others,those

32、outside the academic milieu have described it as merely a buzzword that means nothing.Dick Hebdige,in his text Hiding in the Light,writes:#When it becomes possible for a people to describe as postmodern the dcor of a room,the design of a building,the diegesis of a film,the construction of a record,o

33、r a scratch video,a television commercial,or an arts documentary,or the intertextual relations between them,the layout of a page in a fashion magazine or critical journal,an anti-teleological tendency within epistemology,the attack on the metaphysics of presence,a general attenuation of feeling,the collective chagrin and morbid projections of a post-War generation of baby boomers confronting disillusioned mi