高考英语语法填空解题技巧与练习Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、连词主要有以下四类：（1）用 and,but,or,while（而，却），when（就在这个时候）等构成并列句。（2）用 if,unless,before,after,until,although,though,as,since,because,so,so that 等构成含状语从句的复合句（这里要注意区分一下复杂句和复合句，复合句是包含在复杂句这个概念里面的,在下文的基础写作部分有提到）。（3）用 who,which,that,when,where,why等构成含定语从句的复合句。（这里要提醒考生的是往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词的，但也须结合句子结构来分析。）（4）用 that,i

2、f/whether（是否），wh-等构成含名词性从句的复合句。解题方法：用句子结构分析法巧解语法填空.分析句子的结构对解答语法填空题很有帮助。在解答语法填空题时，分析句子结构可以迅速确定所要填的词语的词类或大致方向，若再结合语境就可以很快得出具体的词语或词形，结合语境方面要特别注意短文的时态和上下文中的一些提示。如:阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。The Internet has become part of young peoples life._1_ report shows that 38%of studen

3、ts often use the Internet.Most of them get _2_（use）information on the Internet _3_ use the Internet to help in their studies.But many students dont use it _4_ a good way.Some play games too much,some visit websites _5_ shouldnt look at.So bad things may happen _6_ students spend too much time on the

4、 Internet._7_ is important for students to use the Internet properly.Now we have a textbook,_8_ uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet.It gives useful advice.Some students also make _9_ on the Internet.But if you want to have a face-to-face _10_（meet）with your online

5、 friends,let your parents know and meet in a proper place.1.A.从下文中可以看出这是一个报道表明,前文还没有出现,无须特指.考查冠词的用法.2.useful.提示词 use有名词和动词的词性，在这里是要一个形容词修饰imformation.考察词性的判定和转化。3.and.从这个句子要表达的意思来看 get 和 use是并列的谓语动词。4.in.固定搭配，in a way 表示用某种方法。5.they.这是一个省略了 that/which 的定语从句，从句子成分来看，此句缺乏主语，是用来修饰 websites,而关系代词在定语从句种作

6、宾语，故省略，填 they来作从句中的主语。6.if.从上一句话承接下来的一个结果，但用了情态动词 may,此空应该填连词来引导一个条件状语从句。7.It.形式主语 it 代替真正的主语-不定式 to use the Internet.8.which.通过句子分析法可以知道这是一个非限制性的定语从句。9.friends.由语境，下文中 online friends推断出 make friends 这个短语。10.meeting.提示词 meet 虽有名词词性，但 have a meeting是习惯搭配。下面是一些基本语法的解析，结合以往的一些单项选择考题作为理解之用（加深对基础语法的理解,对各

7、个部分都有指导作用）：一、动词（谓语/非谓语）给出动词的原形，根据句子结构的需要给出其适当的形式。填动词形式，首先抓住主谓结构，确定主句，剩下的部分，如有连词，则是句子，仍然有主谓结构，否则就用非谓语；是谓语就思考时态，语态，主谓一致，是非谓语就看主动被动，有否先后关系。动词及动词短语辨析 主要考查的知识点：每年必考的考点，主要从以下几个角度来命题：习惯性用法。测试语境中动词的词义辨析；测试一些习惯用语中的动词；测试一些系动词。下列动词组成的短语：break，carry，come，get，give，go，look，pick，send，set，take，turn。英语词组的深层含义挖掘、多种含义

8、拓宽也是当今考题的一个热点。每年的高考英语科考试大纲中虽列出了单词和词组，但并未注明其具体的含义，这就给命题者留下了自由的伸缩空间。所以在复习时，不能拘泥于其在教材上的含义，要大胆地对其深层含义进行挖掘。如：go out 便可挖掘出以下含义：出去；出国；发出去；贴出去；出去参加社交活动；离家出去工作；压塌；（火）熄灭；过时；死去；消失；辞职；下台；结束；罢工等。（在完形填空中多加注意）【例 17】Two or three years ago this kind of glasses was a favorite with the children，but now it _.A.has gone

9、 over B.has gone out C.goes by D.is going down【答案】B【解析】go out 在这是“过时”之意。答案选 B。【例 18】Theyve _ us 150,000 for the house.Shall we take it？A.provided B.supplied C.shown D.offered【答案】D【解析】解答本题时不能只依据表面意思来选择。provide表示“提供”之意，但常构成 provide sb.with sth.（提供某人某物）或 provide sth.for sb.（提供某物给某人）；supply也表示“提供”之意，但常构

10、成：supply sb.with sth.或 supply sth.to sb；show 意为“带路，给某人看”，不合句意；offer常用为：offer sb.sth.（提供某物给某人）。所以答案是 D。【例 19】To everybodys surprise，the fashionable young lady _ to be a thief.A.found out B.proved out C.putout D.turned out【答案】D【解析】find out 表示“打听，查明”；prove out 搭配错误；putout 表示“扑灭，熄灭”；turn out 表示“证明是，结果是”

11、。故答案为 D。1.Ms Chen（teach）me English since Junior 1,and to show my appreciation I decided to get her a present.（广州一模）2.I was certain she would like it because I（tell）by my classmates that she loved hot food.（广州一模）3.The exam,which was originally to be held in our classroom,_（change）to the library at th

12、e last minute.（广州二模）4.I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he _（break）his finger.（深二模）5.The child,Nicole Hobson,（take）by her mother to Childrens Memorial Hospital about 11 p.m.,Wednesday to check（汕头二模）6.A transit spokesman said the driver should（make）radio call to the control cent

13、er for help.（汕头二模）7.An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that（encourage）students to study abroad.（茂名二模）8.One of them was a visitor,saying he wouldnt have been there if he _（watch）the weather forecast the day before.（梅州二模）9.We must also consider the

14、 reaction of the person（receive）the gift.（广州一模）10 With the problem（solve）,I felt proud of my achievement.（广州二模）11 I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left_（complete）the rest.（广州二模）12.There,（place）neatly beside the empty dish,were two nickels and five penniesher tip!（深一模）13.（compare）with the pr

15、evious year,the number of students who went abroad for study was increased by 15,000,or a rise of 13%.（茂名二模）14.Storms swept along New Mexicos border with Texas on Friday,_（destroy）homes and other buildings and injuring（梅州二模）15We must practise speaking and（write）the language whenever we can.16but it

16、is not enough only（memorize）rules from a grammar book.（佛山一模）17.The television viewer makes no choice and no judgment.He is completely passive and has everything _（present）to him without any effort on his part.（东莞一模）Keys:1.has taught/has been teaching/had taught/had been teaching 2.was told/had been

17、told 3.was changed 4.had broken 5.was being taken 6.have made 7.encourages 8.had watched 9.receiving 10.solved 11.to complete12.placed pared 14.destroying 15.writing 16.to writing 17.presented 二、名词 主要考查的知识点：名词的用法,语境中词性的判断，词的转化。在语法填空题中常出现给一个提示词要求用它的正确形式填空，重点复习：掌握名词单复数的变化规律以及与相近语法的关系（名词单复数的使用受冠词、数词和主谓

18、一致等语法的制约，因此复习名词单复数时，应注意分析名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语情况，还应注意主谓一致问题）。熟悉、区别可数不可数（英语中有些名词有时为可数名词，而有时又是不可数名词，其区别由各自不同的用法而定，这是名词可数性用法的难点）。work 工作，不可数名词；著作 作品，可数；工厂 作坊，可数；工程 工事，可数。掌握名词所有格的表示方法和名词作定语的用法，特别注意 else的所有格、双重所有格的用法。【例 7】The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _ of 6

19、0 miles.A.length B.distance C.way D.space【答案】B【解析】本题考搭配，from at a distance of.从的距离。选 B。考点 3 代词 主要考查的知识点：不定代词和替代词的用法，It 的用法和人称代词宾格。复习重点：指代必须准确无误。在使用人称代词、反身代词、物主代词这三类代词时，要注意它们在句中的人称、单复数及性别与所有格的一致性。疑问代词的用法。it，one，that是高考命题锁定的三个代词。【例 8】Which of the three ways shall I take to the village？_ way as you ple

20、ase.A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Either【答案】C【解析】根据句中 three一词，可以相应的判断答语中应用表示三者的词，即在 A、B、C 中选择。另外，从语境上看，问者询问的是“我应该走哪条路可以到达乡村？”而从答话人的语气看，应是“哪条路（任何一条路）都可以”。故选 C。三、代词 主要考查的知识点：考点 4 形容词 副词 主要考查的知识点：形容词作定语，形容词和副词的比较等级，词义比较等。形容词和副词均属修饰性词类，但因被修饰的内容有所不同而具备不同的用法，高考非常注重对此进行考查，在完形填空和语法填空中出现过大量此类试题。（形容词与连系动词连用及修饰名词；修饰行

21、为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句中用副词）两个事物进行比较应用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级。形容词和副词在特定的语境中词义的比较。比较级的程度修饰语（much，very much，a lot，a great deal，far，by far，even，still，a bit，a little，rather，any，数词，倍数，分数，百分数等）。易混副词的辨析。specially/especially/particularly等。【例 9】What do you think of the film we saw last night？I feel _ that the fil

22、m is well worth seeing once again？A.strong B.strongly C.hardly D.hard【答案】B【解析】that 引导一个宾语从句，由此可以判断 feel 在此不是一个连系动词，而是一个实义动词。I feel strongly that.“我坚信”。故答案为 B。挖掉代词，句子的结构受到破坏，句子间出现不连贯。1.I patiently walked to the library,took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax.（广州二模）2.The little boy pull

23、ed right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of coins in it.（深一模）3.the driver did to help and even stopped once to pick up more passengers.（汕头二模）4If you give your children that they can never do anything quite right,then they will regard as unfit or unable persons.（深圳罗湖）5.Some 134,000 Chines

24、e students went to study abroad,and 120,000 of were self-funded students,（茂名二模）6Firstly,we must understand the language when we hear spoken.（佛山一模）Keys:1.myself 2.his 3.nothing 4.themselves 5.them 6.it 四、冠词 主要考查的知识点：冠词的基本用法、零冠词的用法、抽象名词具体化和固定搭配。（1）定冠词的用法：主要是一些记忆性的东西，比较繁杂，可以记几个顺口溜：特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最

25、高级；普转专有名，习语及乐器。“特指”指某些人或事物。The Englishmen in the dining room are having supper now.谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物，即“语境特指”。Take the medicine.上文已提及的人或事物，即“前照应特指”。He bought a house.I have been to the house.世界上独一无二的事物。The sun sets.序数词或形容词最高级前。I live on the second floor.由普通名词构成的专有名词前。The United States.一些习惯短语中或西洋乐器前。in the

26、 way，by the hour，on the other hand，all the year round，play the piano the violin.2）不加冠词的几种情况：下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前；专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭；复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。名词前已有作定语用的 this，that，some，any，my等限定词。专有名词和不可数名词前。Unity is strength.表示学科的名词前。Economics is different from politics.球类活动的名词及三餐总称前。He likes playing

27、football and always has supper outside.复数名词表示泛指（一类人或事物）时。They are students and we are teachers.节日、季节、星期、月份前。Spring follows winter.We have few classes on Sunday.表示颜色、语种和国家的非全称名词前。White is a beautiful color in China.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。Where is Dad，Mum？Bush was made president of the USA again.某些习惯短语中。in bed

28、，in spite of，by chance，lose heart，catch fire，catch sight of，go to school，find fault with，make use of，take exception to（反对）。（零冠词在语法填空的练习中只出现过一次，正规模拟考试中没有出现过，我们只作了解，不作为重点。）3）不定冠词的几种特殊用法：专有名词前用不定冠词，表示“像的一个人或物”。He thinks he is a Napoleon.姓名前用不定冠词，表示“某个叫的人”，多指不认识的人。A Miss Smith came to see you that after

29、noon.用于某些物质名词前，表示“一种、一份、一阵”等。What would you like to drink？A tea and a coffee.用于某些抽象名词前，使抽象概念具体化。这种用法的名词有 surprise，knowledge，success，failure，pleasure，interest，joy等等。All his efforts ended in failure.不定冠词用在 population，history，area，height，weight，depth，length，speed等词前。To escape the pull of the earth，a rocket must reach a speed of40，000 km h。【例 6】Of all the subjects，I like_ history the best because it gives us _ useful knowledge of things in the past.A.the；a B./；a C.a;the D.a;/【答案】B【解析】history是不可数名词，前面一般不加冠词；knowledge也是不可数名词，但 kno