科技英语 female robot to hit JapancatwalkWord下载.docx

1、Major potential advantages of robotic surgery are precision and miniaturization.Further advantages are articulation beyond normal manipulation and three-dimensional magnification.Some surgical robots are autonomous, and they are not always under the control of a surgeon.They are only sometimes used

2、as tools to extend the surgical skills of a trained surgeon.For more information about the topic Robotic surgery, read the full article at Wikipedia.org, or see the following related articles:Laparoscopic surgery Laparoscopic surgery, also called keyhole surgery （when natural body openings are not u

3、sed）, bandaid surgery, or minimally invasive surgery （MIS）, is . read moreMinimally invasive procedure A minimally invasive medical procedure is defined as one that is carried out by entering the body through the skin or through a body cavity or . Urology Urology is the field of medicine that focuse

4、s on the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the reproductive system of males. In men, the . Hysterectomy A hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus, usually done by a gynecologist. Hysterectomy may be total （removing the body and cervix of the . Industrial robotAn industrial robot

5、 is an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes.The field of industrial robotics may be more practically defined as the study, design and use of robot systems for manufacturing （a top-level definition relying on the prior definition of rob

6、ot）.Typical applications of industrial robots include welding, painting, ironing, assembly, pick and place, palletizing, product inspection, and testing, all accomplished with high endurance, speed, and precision.The most commonly used robot configurations for industrial automation, include articula

7、ted robots, SCARA robots and gantry robots.In the context of general robotics, most types of industrial robots would fall into the category of robot arms.For more information about the topic Industrial robot, read the full article at Wikipedia.org, or see the following related articles:Humanoid robo

8、tA humanoid robot is a robot with its overall appearance based on that of the human body.In general humanoid robots have a torso躯干 with a head, two arms and two legs, although some forms of humanoid robots may model only part of the body, for example, from the waist up.Some humanoid robots may also

9、have a face, with eyes and mouth.Androids are humanoid robots built to resemble a male human, and Gynoids are humanoid robots built to resemble a human female.For more information about the topic Humanoid robot, read the full article at Wikipedia.org, or see the following related articles:The Future

10、 Of RobotsComputer Scientists Program Robots To Play Soccer, Communicate With BeesJuly 1, 2008 Engineers built humanoid robots that can recognize objects by color by processing information from a camera mounted on the robots head. The robots are programmed to play soccer, with the intention of creat

11、ing a team of fully autonomous humanoid robots able to compete against a championship human team by 2050. They have also designed tiny robots to mimic the communicative waggle dance of bees.A world of robots may seem like something out of a movie, but it could be closer to reality than you think. En

12、gineers have created robotic soccer players, bees and even a spider that will send chills up your spine just like the real thing.Theyre big . theyre strong . theyre fast! Your favorite big screen robots may become a reality.Powered by a small battery on her back, humanoid robot Lola is a soccer cham

13、pion.The idea of the robot is that it can walk, it can see things because it has a video camera on top, Raul Rojas, Ph.D., professor of artificial intelligence at Freie University in Berlin, Germany, told Ivanhoe.Using the camera mounted on her head, Lola recognizes objects by color. The information

14、 from the camera is then processed in this microchip, which activates different motors.And using this camera it can locate objects on the floor for example a red ball, go after the ball and try to score a goal, Dr. Rojas said. A robot with a few tricks up her sleeve.German engineers have also create

15、d a bee robot. Covered with wax so its not stung by others, it mimics the waggle dance - a figure eight pattern for communicating the location of food and water.Later what we want to prove is that the robot can send the bees in any decided direction using the waggle dance, Dr. Rojas said.Robots like

16、 this could one day become high-tech surveillance tools that secretly fly and record data . and a robot you probably wont want to see walking around anytime soon? The spider-bot.ABOUT ROBOTICS: Robots are made of roughly the same components as human beings: a body structure with moveable joints; a m

17、uscle system outfitted with motors and actuators to move that body structure; a sensory system to collect information from the surrounding environment; a power source to activate the body; and a computer brain system to process sensory information and tell the muscles what to do. Robots are manmade

18、machines intended to replicate human and animal behavior. Roboticists can combine these basic elements with other technological innovations to create some very complex robotic systems. There are plenty of robots doing manual work on factory assembly lines, but while those machines can manipulate obj

19、ects, they do the same thing, along the same path, every time. Other robots are designed to play soccer, or to drive vehicles without human input.ABOUT A.I.: Robots and computer networks are always evolving intelligent consciousness in popular science fiction. But while modern scientists have made g

20、reat strides in building computers that can mimic logical thought, they still havent cracked the code of human emotion and consciousness. There are two prevailing schools of thought on artificial intelligence. Proponents of strong AI consider that all human thought can be broken down into a set of m

21、athematical operations. They expect that they will one day be able to replicate the human mind and create a robot capable of both thinking and feeling, with a sense of self - the stuff of classic science fiction. Think of the robot Number Five from the 80s movie Short Circuit, who suddenly realized,

22、 frightened, that he could be disassembled by the scientists who made him. Weak AI proponents expect that human thought and emotion can only be simulated by computers. A computer might seem intelligent, but it is not aware of what it is doing, with no sense of self or consciousness.Artificial intell

23、igenceThe modern definition of artificial intelligence （or AI） is the study and design of intelligent agents where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions which maximizes its chances of success.John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, defines it as the sc

24、ience and engineering of making intelligent machines. Other names for the field have been proposed, such as computational intelligence, synthetic intelligence or computational rationality.The term artificial intelligence is also used to describe a property of machines or programs: the intelligence t

25、hat the system demonstrates. AI research uses tools and insights from many fields, including computer science, psychology, philosophy, neuroscience, cognitive science, linguistics, operations research, economics, control theory, probability, optimization and logic.AI research also overlaps with task

26、s such as robotics, control systems, scheduling, data mining数据挖掘, logistics, speech recognition, facial recognition and many others. Computational intelligence Computational intelligence involves iterative development or learning （e.g., parameter tuning in connectionist systems）.Learning is based on

27、 empirical data and is associated with non-symbolic AI, scruffy AI and soft computing.Subjects in computational intelligence as defined by IEEE Computational Intelligence Society mainly include: Neural networks: trainable systems with very strong pattern recognition capabilities. Fuzzy systems: tech

28、niques for reasoning under uncertainty, have been widely used in modern industrial and consumer product control systems; capable of working with concepts such as hot, coldwarmboiling. Evolutionary computation: applies biologically inspired concepts such as populations, mutation and survival of the fittest to generate increasingly better solutions to the problem.These methods most notably divide into evolutionary algorithms （e.g., genetic algori