表解非谓语动词Word文档格式.docx

1、2. 非谓语动词作主语非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句 动词不定式表示比较具体的意义，经常和特定的动作和执行者联系起来，经常带时间或地点状语，有时表示将要发生的动作。 To master a foreign language is no easy job.To do it well is my desireTo see this film is to waste time.To solve this problem is out of the question 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，常见的另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语，而将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是

2、一些特定形容词，动词和名词 1）形容词作表语（常见的形容词有：important, difficult, easy hard possible）It is foolish to act in this way.It sounds reasonable to do it this way.It appears likely for them to arrive.2） 动词作谓语（常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse, delight, irritate, annoyIt took much time to do this.It makes us excited to think

3、 about that.It needed hard work to finish the job.It does no good to say like that.It didnt occur to me to ask him to help me.3）名词作表语It seems a pity to waste them.It is a great pleasure to do thisIt is a good idea to think this way. 动名词表求比较抽象（一般）和经常性的意义，有时可同不定式互换 Collecting stamps is a good hobby.Sw

4、imming is a best sport in summer.There is no telling what will happen.There is no denying the fact.There is no need informing him of it.动名词短语作主语时，常见的另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语面将动名词短语移至谓语之后作真实主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词和名词 enjoyable, good, hard, worthwhile）It is nice talking to you.Its foolish behaving like that.It

5、 is useless doing that2）名词作表语s waste of time doing this. Its no good （use） doing that.s an awful job doing this. Its fun doing thisIt is not an easy task doing this work. 3. 非谓语动词作宾语成分 不定式的逻辑主语一般同谓语动词的主语一致 I want to read a novel.用于该形式的常见的动词有：afford, agree, aim, apply, arrange, ask, choose, claim, de

6、cide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, seek, swear, threaten, wish.有时宾语省略不定式符号（常见的有：let fall, let pass, let go, let slip, d better, d rather, d soon,He made believe he was correct. 动词不定式（短语）作宾语时，如其后有补足语，则可以用先行语it作形式宾语，而将动词不定式（短语）后移作直接宾

7、语 He found it necessary to work hard at English.acknowledge, believe, consider, count, declare, deem, deny, esteem, fancy, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, make, prove, realize, report, see, show, suppose, suspect, take（think）, understand, think. 动名词的逻辑主语有时同谓语动词的主语不一致 Do you mind my smoking?

8、动名词（短语）作宾语时，如其后有补足语则可以用先行词it作形式宾语，而将动名词短语后移作直接宾语 We found it troublesome solving this problem.We consider it worthwhile spending some time on this. 有一类动词后面必须跟动名词 We enjoyed staying there.常见的动词有：admit, abhor, acknowledge, advise, advocate, avoid, confess, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, di

9、scontinue, excuse, evade, fancy, finish, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep（on）, mind, necessitate, pardon, postpone, practise, renounce, resent, facilitate, favor, miss, resist. 有一类动词后面可跟动名词也可以跟不定式 1） 意义区别不大。He began learning （to learn） English at the age of five.start, like, hate, love, cont

10、inue, prefer, commence, attempt, intend, propose, decline, endure, neglect, omit, recollect, recall, bear.2）意义有区别a） remember doing sth 记住做过某事。 remember to do sth 记住要做某事。b）forget doing sth 忘记做过某事。 forget to do sth 记住要做某事。c）regret doing sth 遗憾做过某事。 regret to do sth 遗憾要做某事。d）try doing sth 试着做某事。 try to

11、 do sth 努力做某事。e）mean doing sth 意旨做某事。 mean to do sth 打算做某事。f）stop doing sth 停止做某事。 stop to do sth 停下来做某事。g）cant help doing sth 忍不住做某事。 cant help to do sth 不能帮做某事。h）go on doing sth 继续做某事。 go on to do sth 接着做另一事。这一类多是动词和小品词构成的短语 He insisted on doing that.常见的短语有：stand up, leave off, put off, give up, c

12、ant help（stand） 这一类多数是一些特定的用法。He is about to leave. He did nothing but play.d rather do sth, d better do sth, d like/love to do sth,宾语宾补 强调动作发生的事实、将要和应该做的事 We saw him come in. I asked him to help me.I helped him （to） learn English.He arranged for me to stay there.1）省略不定式符号的动词：make, let, have, see, h

13、ear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at2）表示“致使”意义的动词：advice, cause, allow, ask, beg, drive, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, permit, persuade, remind, teach, tell, trust, urge, want, warn3）表示心理状态的动词：consider, declare find, prove, think, know, believe, discover, feel, im

14、agine, judge, suppose, understand.4）短语动词 arrange for, prepare for, provide for, ask for, care for, long for, wait for, vote for, call on, rely on, depend on, count on 说明实际的情况，这种形式数量不多。We call this process testing.We know of the earth behaving as a large magnet. 分词现在分词强调动作进行的过程 I found him coming in.

15、He kept him waiting outside.如谓语动词是被动语态的形式，这时分词成了主语补语，分词形式不变。He was seen coming in 过去分词 表示动作已完成，同宾语是被动关系，说明动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前。have （get） 表示的动作往往表示别人完成，有时这个动作可能由主语完成 We found him tied to the tree.I had my hair cut.I cant get this motor started.He was found tied to the tree. 这一类多是一些特定的形式， I hardly remember

16、 what I did besides read.He had nothing in mind except to work hard.It is better to do some work than to spend the time idly.There is no way out than climb the cliff.这一类数量较多。Im afraid of making mistakes while speaking English.He enjoys doing nothing but talking with her.On （as soon as he arrived） ar

17、riving, he came to see his friend.In （while） doing this, he learned a lot.常见的短语：look forward to, be used to, object to, prefer doing sth to doing sth 形容词宾 这一类有些语法家也认为是这些形容词的原因状语。I am glad to see you.常见的形容词有：cross, angry, context, furious, happy, impatient, curious, proud, sorry, thankful, free, grat

18、eful, keen, anxio7us, eager, pone, ready, reluctant, willing, humble, jealous, miserable, （un）able, lucky，sad I am surprised to see you.常见的过去分词有：annoyed, ashamed, astonished, bored, concerned, amazed, confused delighted, determined, disappointed, disgusted, displeased, dissatisfied, distressed, emba

19、rrassed, excited, fascinated, inclined, overjoyed, overwhelmed, pleased, prepared, puzzled, qualified, worried, offended, scared, thrilled, vexed 这一类多是一些特定的用法。The tree seems like trembling.The book is worth reading.He is busy working. 4. 非谓语动词作表语连系动词 表示具体的动作，表示打算、计划、命令和要求等意义 有时可用appear, seem, happen

20、等作连系动词 To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.（一般同主语的形式一直）What I wanted to do is write it down.The only thing you can do is wait and see.How am I to pay such a debt?Such questions are to be avoided.He was never to see his friend again.What he said proved to be true.He seems to be ill.常作主语的名词有：aim

21、, ambition, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistakes, plan, purpose, suggestion. 相当于名词，说明主语动作的情况和状态。一般是be What like best is swimming in the sea.My job is teaching English（My job is to teach them to learn English.）Seeing is believing.有时同不定式可以互换Our duty is serving the people.Our duty is to serve the peop

22、le. 现在分词 相当于形容词，说明主语动作性质的。一般分词后不再接任何成份 有时可用become ; get等 It is annoying that the meeting should be put off.常见作表语的现在分词有：amusing, boring, charming, comforting, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, disturbing, embarrassing, exciting, pleasing, fascinating, interesting, inviting, missing, obliging, p

23、romising, puzzling, shocking, striking, surprising. 相当于形容词说明主语动作的性质或状态，一般后面带介词短语，有些形容词化的过去分词前可加very. get ;remain ; appear ; seem; fell; go; look等动词 He remained puzzled. He appeared satisfied with that.My work is finished. My watch is gone. 1）常见带介词about分词： annoyed, concerned, excited, pleased, puzzle

24、d, shocked, worried 2） 常见带介词at分词： amazed, amused, annoyed, astonished, delighted, disappointed, disgusted, displeased, dissatisfied, excited, offended, overjoyed, pleased, shocked, surprised, 3） 常见带介词against分词： arranged, prepared, irritated, arranged 4） 常见带介词for分词： celebrated, concerned, destined, d

25、isqualified, noted, prepared, pressed, qualified. 5） 常见带介词in分词： absorbed, celebrated, concerned, disappointed, delighted, dressed, embarrassed, engaged, entangled, experienced, interested lost, 6） 常见带介词on分词： founded, based, bent, set 7） 常见带介词to分词： abandoned, accustomed, acquainted, addicted, adapted

26、, committed, dedicated, destined, devoted, doomed, engaged, entitled, exposed, known, lost, opposed, related, inclined, married 8） 常见带介词with分词：annoyed, bored, concerned, delighted, disappointed, discontented, disgusted, displeased, dissatisfied, equipped, excited, occupied, obsessed, pleased, presse

27、d, satisfied, socked, stunned, surrounded loaded, tormented, torture 5. 非谓语动词作定语位置 动词不定式必须放在所修饰词（名或代）后 表示将要发生，应该做的动作，说明动作在谓语动词表示动作之后，具有形容词性质。I have much work to do.He has no place to live in.有时根据意思的需要加介词，这时介词不能省略，因被修饰的名词是它的宾语。动名词放在在所修饰的词前 说明所修饰词的性质，具有名词的性质，它同所修饰的名词间不存在什么主谓关系 He looked me with questi

28、oning eyes.a living room.一般形式 在所修饰词前，有些放在所修饰词后 说明正在进行的动作，同它所修饰的动作存在着逻辑主谓关系 a sleeping boy, on the day following, for years running 表示被动的意思，多数不及物动词的过去分词不能用作定语，只有少数表示动作改变的动词表示在谓词动词动作之前完成 a lost child, a fallen leaf, retired workers, faded flowersWe have no time left.Fill the blanks with the words given. 短语 放在所修饰词后 一般表示要做和应该做的动作。He is the first one to come this morning.I have a lot of housework to do at home.There is a lot of work to do in the company.He didnt have the chance to go to school in the past. 1）一般所修饰词是抽象名词agreement, attempt, claim, decision, decisive, determination, failure, h