八年级英语知识点汇总Word文件下载.docx

1、8） How long多长，多久，询问时间的长度或距离 How long will you stay in Beijing?9） How often多长时间按一次，询问频率 How often do you go to see your grandparents? 10） How soon多久，询问时间 How soon will you come back?频率副词：表示动作发生的频率，never, sometimes, often, usually, always. Unit 2 Whats the matter with you? 1. 用have 来描述身体不适 have/have g

2、ot a +疾病名字；得了病 2.情态动词should,情态动词should,can, may, must没有人称和时态的变化，后接动词原形 Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?现在进行时表将来 一般将来时 表示将要做某事或计划打算做某事要用到句型“be+doing其中be是助动词，它有人称和单复数的变化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是现在进行时的形式，但用于表示将来。用进行时表将来，常用于表示即将来临的未来预定要做的事情，一般指个人计划要做的事。用于此情况的动词一般是表示位置转移的动词，如，go, come, leave,

3、start, arrive, move等。一肯定句中，结构为“be+doing. I am going shopping this afternoon. 二否定句是在be之后加not. Im not going to shopping this afternoon. 三一般疑问句是将be置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?Yes, I am/ we are. No, Im not./ We arent. 四特殊疑问句“疑问词+一般疑问句语序。” What are you doing for vacation? When is he going

4、camping?Who are you going there with? Where is she going?Unit 4 How do you get to school?Grammar: How引导的特殊疑问句：是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等词开头的疑问句。How does he get to shool?- He takes the train to get to shool. How long does it take to walk? -It takes about 35 minutes to walk

5、. How far is it from your home to school? Its four miles from my home to school. How old is he now? She is twelve years old now. How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks. How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan. 特殊疑问句的简略结构：how about?+ 名词或动词-ing形式，用于提出建议、请求或征求意见、询问消息等。如：How about

6、playing tennis?Unit 5 Can you come to my party?情态动词can及邀请句式及其问答 一情态动词can的用法：Can 是最长用的情态动词，其后跟动词原形，can的否定形式为cannot，cant. 1. can表“能力”，意思是：能，会 I can paly basketball,but I cant swim. 2. can表示能力时可和be able to 互换，be able to有更多的时态，常被用来表示can所 不 能表示的将来或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their

7、 own in three months. 3. 表示“可能性”，意思是：可以，可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people. 4. 表示允许，意思是可以能够 You can have the book when I have finished it. 5. 表示“惊讶、不相信等（用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中”。意思是“会、可能。” This cant be true. Can it be true?二如何发出、接受和谢绝别人的邀请 1. 表达邀请的常用句型： Can you come to? Could you come to? Would you lik

8、e to come to? Do you want to come to?2. 接受邀请的常用句型： Sure. Certainly. OK. Id love to. 3. 谢绝邀请的常用句型： Im sorry, I cant. I have to Im afraid I cant. I have to I dont think I can. I have to Unit 6 Im more outgoing than my sister. 形容词的比较级 一规则变化、不规则变化（课本P93） 二than 是比较级中最常见的标志词，意思是“比”。用于引出比较的对象。1.He draws be

9、tter than me.2.Youre older than I am. You are older than me. 三形容词比较级前，有时可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等词来修饰。Much 和far表示“得多”,much better好得多，a little, a bit表示稍微，一些，一点。a little shorter, 稍微矮点；even表示“甚至，更加，还要even bigger还要大些，three times表示 “三倍”，如three times bigger than 比大三倍 Very绝不可以用来修饰比较级，

10、very,so,too, quite 修饰原级 Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?可数名词与不可数名词 一可数名词 英语中的物质名词大体上可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词指物体的数量可数。其单数形式可在名词前加a或an,表示一个，如a pear. 其负数形式要在词尾加-s,或-es（特殊情况除外），如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags 二不可数名词 1.不可数名词指物体的数量不可数。不可数名词没有单复数之分，也不能在词前直接加冠词a 或an

11、.表示不可数名词的数量时可在不可数名词前加相应的由量词构成的短语。如a bag of 2.常见的量词短语有： a piece of a cup of a teaspoon of a bottle of 3.不可数名词还可以用下面的词表示数量：much much rain a little little 4.既可以修饰不可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的词有：Lots of= a lot of许多，大量 some一些（用于肯定句）any一些（用于否定句和一般疑问句） Unit 8 How was your school trip?一般过去时：指在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去意义

12、的时间状语连用。yesterday, last year（week,month）,two years ago, in2006等。有时也可用when,after,before, as soon as引导的时间状语从句。该时态在句中的体现是谓语动词用过去式。谓语be动词was/were 否定：wasnt /werent 一Be动词句型 一般疑问句：was/were +主语 疑问词+was/were+主语 陈述句：主语+was/were+（肯定句） 否定句：主语+wasnt/werent+ 二行为动词句型（当句中的动词为行为动词时，要借助动词did构成一般疑问句和否定句） 肯定式：主语+动词过去式

13、否定式：主语+didnt+动词原形 Did +主语+动词原形 Did+主语+动词原形 Unit 9 When was he born?一般过去时的特殊疑问句 一般过去时的特殊疑问句的变法同一般现在时一样，不同之处在于须将be动词或助动词改为过去时态，即“特殊疑问词+were或was（第三人称单数）+主语+（表语）+其他成分”或“特殊疑问词+助动词did+主语+实义动词+其他成分。一、以when引导的特殊疑问句，对某人的出生年月进行提问，句型是： When was/wereborn? was/were born in +时间 When was David beckham born? 大卫.贝克汉

14、姆是什么时候出生的？He was born in 1975. 二以how long 引导的特殊疑问句，对表示某一短时间的状语进行提问。 How long did + 主语+动词？How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months. 三When did he start hiccupping? 他什么时候开始打嗝？When +did+主语+动词？Unit 10 Im going to be a basketball player. 一般将来时 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或

15、反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。1. be going to + 动词原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?2. will/shall + 动词原形 I will go to my hometown next week. 3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow. 4. be +动词不定式 You are to be back by 10 oclock. 5. be + about + 动词不定式 The meeting is about

16、 to begin. Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?情态动词，表示说话者对某一动作的看法和态度，包括可能、怀疑、允许、愿望、必要、猜测等。Can（能、会）,may（ 可以）,must（ 必须、一定）等。情态动词的特点：（1）情态动词有一定词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和另一个动词原形一起构成谓语，且没有人称和数的变化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now. （2）变否定句时，直接在情态动词后面加not,无需加助动词。He cant play

17、 the guitar well. He cant answer the question. You mustnt be late. （3）含有情态动词的句子变一般疑问句时，须将情态动词提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?（4）can 可表示能力、允许、可能性、怀疑猜测，意为“能，会，可以。”cant, 意为“不能，不会，不可以。”，还有“不可能”之意。-Can you drive? Sorry, I cant. It cant be true. （5）can 也可表示请求与邀请 Can you please sweep the floor?

18、Unit12 Whats the best radio station?形容词/副词的最高级，用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在一群人或事物中，其中一个 最见课本p93语法 1. the +最高级 She is the tallest of all her classmates. 2. 最高级可被序数词以及much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like等修饰。This hat is by far the biggest. 3. 表示最高程度的形容词，excellent, extr

19、eme, prefect等没有最高级也不能用比较级。 He is an excellent teacher. 4. 形容词最高级间修饰做表语或介词并与的名词代词是，被修饰的词往往省略。He is the youngest （boy） in his class. 5. Who/Which +be+最高级，A,B,or C?Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?6. the +序数词+最高级 He is the second tallest student in our class. 7. One of the +最高级+

20、复数名词 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China. Unit 1 Will people have robots?语法小结：一、一般将来时 1用be doing表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词。 如：go，come，leave，arrive等，也可用于其他动作动词。We are having fish for dinner. We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow. 这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语，如果不带

21、时间状语，则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。A: Where are you going?B: I am going for a walk. Are you coming with me? A: Yes，I am just coming. Wait for me. 2用be going to do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示意图，即打算在最近的将来或将来进行某事。Are you going to post that letter? How long is he going to stay here?I am going to book a ticket. 另一意义是表示预见，即现在已有迹象

22、表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。Its going to rain. George is putting on weight; he is going to be quite fat. 3. 用will/ shall do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示预见。You will feel better after taking this medicine. Do you think it will rain?二是表示意图. I will not lend the book to you. Take it easy，I will not do it any longer. 基本结构：She will

23、come to have class tomorrow. Will she come to have class tomorrow?She wont come to have class tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow?二、There be结构 1. there be 结构中的be是可以运用各种时态的。There is going to be a meeting tonight. 今晚有个会议。There was a knock at the door. 有人敲门。There has been a girl waiting for you. 有个女孩一直

24、在等你。There will be rain soon. 不久天就要下雨了。2. 动词be单复数形式要跟there be之后的真正的主语一致。并且要根据就近一致原则来变换be的单复数形式。如There is a book on the desk. 课桌上有一本书。How many people are there in the city? 这个城市里有多少人口？There is a pen and two books on the desk. 课桌上有一个钢笔和两本书。There are two books and a pen on the desk. 课桌上有两本书和一个钢笔。There a

25、re some students and a teacher in the classroom.教室里有一些学生和一位老师。 There is a teacher and some students in the classroom. 教室里有一位老师和一些学生。3. 在there be引起的句子结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式主动形式和被动形式均可。 There is no time to lose （=to be lost）. 时间紧迫。There is nothing to see （=to be seen）. 看不见有什么。There is nothing to do. （=to be d

26、one） 无事可做。4、There is no doing. （口语）不可能. There is no telling when he will be back. 无法知道他什么时候回来。There is no knowing what he is doing. 无法知道他在做什么。三、课文难句解析 1. Will people use money in 100years? 一百年后人们还会使用钱币吗？1） money 金钱；货币 eg Whats the money? 价钱是多少?paper money 纸币；钞票 2） in 100 years 在100年之后 in+一段时间常用在将来时态

27、中 eg Ill come in an hour. 我一小时后来。 Ill see you again in three days. 三天后我再见你。2. There will be less leisure time空闲时间会更少。1） less 形容词：较少的（是little的比较级），修饰不可数名词，其最高级是least；反义词是more。egJanes less beautiful than Mary. 简不如玛丽漂亮。Five is less than six 5比6少。2） leisure time 空闲时间 egWhat do you do in your leisure tim

28、e? 你空闲时间做些什么？3. I think there will be more pollution 我认为将会有更多的污染产生。1） think后跟的是宾语从句，且宾语从句是there be句型的一般将来时，结构为there will be+物+其他成分。egI think it will rain tomorrow. 我认为明天会下雨。I think there will be fewer trees. 我认为将来树木会更少。2） pollution表示污染，用作不可数名词。例如：They did a lot to stop water pollution他们采取大量措施制止水污染。4. I dont agree 我不同意。agree在本句中作动词，I dont agree是一句交际用语，表示不赞成某人或某人的观点，如果表赞成，则为I agree。1）