1、分析从句的句子成分|，主谓宾齐全|，结构完整|，先行词在从句中充当地点状语。The city where we spent our holidays is very beautiful. 我们度假的那座城市很漂亮。分析先行词和从句的关系|，“我们在这个城市度假”|，where相当于in the city|，作从句的地点状语。Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的从城市。I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised. 我参观了那个养了很多奶牛的农场。This kind of plant
2、grows best at the places where it is warm and wet这种植物在温暖潮湿的地方长得最好。What do you think of teacher|， Bob? Bob|，你认为老师这种职业怎么样？I find it fun and challenging. It is a job where you are doing something serious but interesting. 我发现它有趣而有挑战性。这是一份你做着严肃而有趣的事情的工作。Its helpful to put children in a situation where th
3、ey can see themselves differently. 把孩子们放在一个他们能以不同方式看待自己的地方是很有帮助的。When引导的定语从句当先行词在定语从句中的成分是时间状语的时候|，连接词就是when|，而且先行词通常是time|， day|， night|， moment等等表示时间的名词。He was born in the year when the earthquake took place. 他出生在地震发生的那一年。分析从句句子成分：主语the earthquake|，谓语took place|，无需宾语|，先行词the year在从句中只能加上介词in充当从句的时
4、间状语|，所以用表示时间状语的when/ in which。注意：the year前的介词in为主句中的介词|，跟从句无关|，从句中的in是分析先行词和从句的逻辑关系而得出的。She looked fine at the time when I saw her. 我看到她的时候她看起来不错。先行词time加上介词在从句中做时间状语。July is the month when the weather is usually the hottest. 七月通常是天气最热的一个月。Tell me the time when he was killed. 告诉我他被杀的时间。P lease let m
5、e know of the day when you will arrive in Beijing. 请告知我们你将到北京的时间。The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于来到了。Shell never forget her stay there when she found her son who had gone missing two years before. 她永远都不会忘记那次停留|，那时他找到了两年前失踪的儿子。Between the two parts of the concert is an interva
6、l|， when the audience can buy ice-cream.音乐会两部分之间有中场休息|，观众在那时可以买点冰淇淋。Why引导的定语从句当先行词在定语从句中的成分是原因状语的时候|，连接词就是why|，而且先行词通常是reason。That is one of the reasons why I hate you. 这是我讨厌你的原因之一。先行词the reasons加上介词for在从句中做原因状语|，介词for是从句的逻辑关系补充的。从句补全为：I hate you （for） the reasons.The reason why he changed his mind
7、is not clear. 他改变主意的原因还不清楚。同理|，the reason在从句中做原因状语。Do you see any reason why he refused to help? 你明白他拒绝帮忙的理由吗？I want to know the reason why he left so early. 我想知道他这么早离开的原因。The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.我首次遇到曼德拉的时候是我一生中很艰难的时候来源:1但要注意|，连接词的选择不能只看先行词的内容
8、|，最关键的就是看先行词在从句中的成分。有同学一看到先行词是表示地点的名词|，选择where|；看到先行词为表示时间的名词|，选择when|；看到先行词为reason|，选择why|；这种做法是不对的|，关键是看先行词在从句中做哪种成分。比较下面句子：March 22 is the day when I was born. 3月22号是我出生的那一天。（先行词the day在从句中作时间状语：I was born on the day.）March 22 is the day （which/that） I will never forget. 3月22号是我永远不会忘的一天。（先行词the d
9、ay在从句中作forget的宾语：I will never forget the day.）Would you please tell me the reason why you are late again for work? 你能告诉我你又一次迟到的原因吗？Would you please tell me the reason which/that at least sounds true this time?你能告诉我这次听起来更真实点的原因吗？I saw them in the park where a lot of people were singing. 我在那家有很多人唱歌的公园
10、里看到他们。I saw them in the park which/that was built 10 years ago. 我在那家十年前建好的公园里看到他们的。The Science Museum|， which we visited during a recent trip to Britain|， is one of Londons tourist attractions. 我们上次去英国参观的科学博物馆是伦敦的旅游景点之一。（先行词the Science Museum 在从句中作主语。）The reason that you gave me just now was just an
11、 excuse. 你刚才给我的理由只是一个借口。（先行词the reason在从句中宾语。定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的选择1. 明确关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用：关系代词which|， that|， who在定语从句中作主语或在及物动词和介词后作宾语。关系副词when|， where|， why在定语从句中作状语。The old town has narrow streets and small houses which are built close to each other. （从句部分缺主语|，填入关系代词）Whatever is left over may be put
12、 into the refrigerator|， where it will keep for two or three weeks.（从句部分的谓语keep为“保存好”的意思|，不带宾语|，填入关系副词）A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. （从句部分的谓语lend和ask for为及物动词|，但各自已经带了宾语|，填入关系副词） 2.分析句子结构|，明确语法成分。关系词在定语从句中作宾语还是作状语|，关键在
13、于从句的谓语动词是否及物动词。如果是及物动词|，分析其后是否已经有宾语|；如缺宾语则选择关系代词|；如不缺宾语或谓语动词为不及物动词|，则选择关系副词。介词+关系代词引导的定语从句介词+关系代词Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.= Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice.曼德拉就是我向他寻求建议的黑人律师。1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开|，介词仍放在后面|，如look for|， look after|， take care ofThis is t
14、he watch for which I am looking.（错）This is the watch which I am looking for. （对）The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （错）The babies （whom/who/that） the nurse is looking are very healthy. （对）2.若介词放在关系代词前|，关系代词指人时只可用whom|，不可用who|， that|；关系代词指物时只可用which|，不可用that|；关系代词是所有格时用whose。
15、The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbor. （错）The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. （对）例1. （2019北京） OppositeisSt. PaulsChurch|， _youcanhearsomelovelymusic.A.which B. that C. when D. where解析：由语境可知本句所表达的句意为：对面是圣保罗教堂|，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St.PaulsChurch|，从句主谓宾成分完整
16、|，去掉空后依然是完整的句子|，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。用where。答案：D例2. （2019天津） The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work. A. where B. which C. when D. who 解析：句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛|，在这种气氛中|，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere|，在从句中作地点状语|，故用关系副词where。答案为A 例3. （2019福建） Students
17、should involve themselves in community activities_ they can gain experience for growth. A. who B. when C. which D. where 本题定语从句的先行词是community activities|，后面的定语从句they can gain experience for growth主谓宾句子结构很完整|，所以使用关系副词来引导这个定语从句|，where在句中相当于in which|，充当状语。句义：学生应该参与社区活动|，在社区活动里他们能够获得成长的经验。AC是关系代词|，不能在句中
18、做状语。When的先行词通常是表示时间的名词。由此可知本题答案。D例4. （2019湖南） I am looking forward to the day_ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.A. as B. why C. when D. where本题是一个定语从句|，先行词是theday|，后面的定语从句结构非常完整|，所以使用关系副词when在句中做时间状语|，同时引导起这个定语从句。我一直都在期待着我的女儿能够阅读并理解我对她的感情的那一天。故要用when作关系词。C例5. （2019天津）Engli
19、sh is a language shared by several diverse cultures|， _ uses it differently. A. all of which B. each of which C. all of them D. each of them本题是一个定语从句|，先行词是several diverse cultures|，在定语从句里使用which指代先行词作为介词of的宾语。排除CD项|，这两项并不是定语从句。all of which 在定语从句中做主语的时候|，谓语动词要使用复数形式|，本题定语从句中的uses说明A项是错误的。each of whic
20、h项中的each做主语|，谓语动词使用单数形式。英语是一个被很多不同的文化共同使用的语言|，每一种语言使用英语的方法都是不一样的。故可知本题答案。B基础演练一选择填空。从所给的选项中|，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. a. Ill never forget the days _ we studied together.b. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.A. that B. / C. when D. on which E. A and B2. a. This is one of the most interesting film
21、s _ shown last week.b. This is the only/very one of the most interesting films _ shown last week.A. which was B. that was C. which were D. that were3. a. This is the only way _ you can find.b. I dont like the way _ he spoke to his mother.A. that B. / C. in which D. A|， B and C E. A and B4. a. He has
22、 two sons|， _ are college students.b. He has two sons|， and _ are college students.A. both of which B. both of whom C. both of them D. both of it5. a. Galileo collected facts _ proved the earth and all the other planets moved around the sun.b. Galileo collected facts _ the earth and all the other pl
23、anets moved around the sun.A. that B. which C. / D. A and B6. a. He still lives in the room _ window faces to the east.b. He still lives in the room|， the window _ faces to the east.c. He still lives in the room _ is in the north of the city.d. He still lives in the room _ there is a beautiful table
24、.A. which B. whose C. where D. of which7. a. Is this museum _ they visited last month?b. _ cleans the blackboard is to be praised.A. that B. the one C. which D. the one who8. a. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.b. _ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.c. _ who le
25、ave the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. Who C. Those D. Whoever9. a. It was eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema.b. It was at eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema.A. which B. that C. when D. on whichKeys: 1 a. C 关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语|，用关系副词when|；b. E 关系词代替先行词在从句中作spent的
26、宾语|，用关系代词或者省略|；2 a. D 定语从句的先行词被one of the most interesting|，故关系代词用that|，从句的谓语用复数形式|；b. B 定语从句的先行词被the only/very one of the most interesting|，故关系代词用that|，从句的谓语用单数形式|；3 a. E 先行词way在从句中作宾语|；b. D 先行词way在从句中作状语|，但根据习惯可以省略或者用that|； 4 a. B 本句为定语从句|，应该用关系代词both of whom作从句的主语|；b. C 本句为并列句|，应该用代词both of them|
27、；5 a. D 本句为定语从句|，关系代词that和which作定语从句的主语|；b. A 本句为同位语从句|，that在从句中不作成分|；6 a. B 关系代词代替先行词room在定语从句中作定语|，用whose|；b. D the window of which代替先行词在从句作主语|；c. A which在定语从句中作主语|；d. C 关系词代替先行词room在从句中作地点状语|；7 a. B 主句部分this museum作主语|，缺表语|，需要补上|，关系代词在从句作宾语可省略|；b. D 主句和定语从句都缺少主语|，都不可省略|；8 a. D 本句的主句和主语从句都缺主语|，选wh
28、oever|；b. A 本句主句缺主语|，同时也是从句的先行词|，从句 的谓语为单数|，先行词为单数|；c. C 本句主句缺主语|，同时也是从句 的先行词|，从句的谓语为复数|，先行词为复数|；9 a. C 本句含定语从句|，关系词代替先行词作从句的时间状语|； b. B 本句为强调句|；巩固提高二句子改错1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4. July 1|， 2019 is the day when well never forget.5. I still remem
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