经度和纬度LongitudeandlatitudeWord下载.docx

1、 south of the equator latitude is called latitude, with S. To the equator as the boundary, the earth is divided into the average South and north two hemispheres, north of the equator is the northern hemisphere, south of the equator is the southern hemisphere. The variation of longitude: from the pri

2、me meridian （0 degrees of longitude West to East）, increasing to 180 degrees. The prime meridian east longitude called east longitude, with E west of the prime meridian of longitude West, with WThe East, the Western Hemisphere division is 20 W, 160 E composed of the meridian circle. 20 degrees W, We

3、st to 160 degrees E, belongs to the western hemisphere （greater than 20 degrees W or greater than 160 degrees E） 20 degrees W, east to 160 degrees E, belonging to the eastern hemisphere （less than 20 degrees W or less than 160 degrees E）. SanDisk （SanDisk） Kingston （Kingston） Samsung （SAMSUNG） GEIL

4、（Geil） These brands are OK. SanDisk specializes in flash data memory cards The latter three are specially made for memory particles Longitude longitude divides into 360, 1 time every 15 degrees, 0 degrees is called the prime meridian, is the first to enter a new day, then west every 1 time zones is

5、1 hours. For example, its 5 in the morning, then a 4 point west zone is in the morning, after 1 time is in the morning 3 points, and so on, to the East is the opposite to the prime meridian, that is to say the prime meridian on both sides just a difference of 23 hours from the equator to the two lev

6、el, more and more high. The equator is latitude the dividing line of latitude and longitude 1 degrees north and South Hemisphere two =60 division =3600 seconds, the sixty band is Chaldaic custom, we are still in use today, as long as the angle is the same on and round. The latitude of the equator is

7、 0 degrees, and the planets are divided into the southern hemisphere and the northern hemisphere. Latitude refers to the line and into the earths equatorial plane and the center of the earth at a point of plane angle, its value is between 0 to 90 degrees. Located in the north of the equator point la

8、titude called north latitude, denoted as N, is located in the south of the equator at the latitude latitude known as S. The latitude value is called the low latitude area between 0 and 30 degrees latitude area value between 30 to 60 degrees in the area known as the middle latitude, the latitude valu

9、e is called the high latitudes between 60 to 90 degrees in the area. The equator, the Tropic of Capricorn, the Tropic of cancer, the Antarctic Circle and the Arctic circle are special parallels. A length of 1 second latitude; the total meridian length of the earth is about 40008km. Average: 1 degree

10、s latitude = about 111km latitude 1 = 1.85km latitude 1 = about about 30.9m edit this section of latitude and longitude calculation method of any place on earth, as long as there is only a table, a bamboo pole, a tape measure, you can know the local latitude and longitude. But the watch must be chec

11、ked against the countrys standard. The method is as follows: first, for example in the two China bar somewhere, most short time is at noon and 13:20, and the rod length and shadow length ratio of 1, while the land is 45 degrees north latitude （TG a =1）, longitude 100 degrees （from 120 degrees in 1 h

12、ours minus 15 degrees, 4 minutes minus 1 degrees long rod） and shadow length ratio table search for alpha, here with a special angle. Then the two solstice longitude algorithm invariant latitude in the northern hemisphere winter solstice summer solstice alpha alpha +23.5 degrees, -23.5 degrees corre

13、ction value can be on any one day and. The correction value is the number of days from the two algorithms: or two to poor multiplied by 94/365. such as today is February 17th, 33 days and March 22nd equinox, the sun point in latitude 33 degrees * 94/365=8.5 so today at noon the latitude is （arctg al

14、pha +8.5） TG alpha = length / long. The longitude is =85.39km, longitude is =1.42km, longitude is 1 second, =23.6m GPS usage skills I. Basic knowledge of GPS 1, GPS principle GPS is the abbreviation of Globol Position System （Global Positioning System）, established by American gov-ern-ment, and prov

15、ides free services to global users. The complete GPS system is divided into two parts: Heaven and earth in the sky has 24 moons in the non-stop, the earth in any corner, at least you can see more than 3 satellites; in the underground is hand-held or vehicle mounted GPS receiver, which is what we oft

16、en say GPS. When the GPS receiver receives three or more than three satellites signal, we can calculate the coordinates of the earth where the receiver received, if four satellites can also calculate the elevation, at the same time, the time signal of satellite system are transmitted to the GPS, if

17、you want to watch, GPS time is the most reliable. It should be noted that, in addition to the United States GPS system, Russia and Europe have also established their own global positioning system, but the most common application is the United States GPS system. The coordinate system used by 2 and GP

18、S When we describe geographical location, the commonly used method is latitude and longitude coordinates. The coordinate system of latitude and longitude is the zero point of longitude and latitude in England, Greenwich and equator respectively. China is located approximately east of 70120, North -

19、degree range, located in Xinjiang. In the GPS system, the latitude and longitude of the display can generally be based on their own preferences, generally have hddd.ddddd （degrees）, hddd*mm.mmm （degrees. Points）, hddd*mm, SS （degrees. Minutes. Seconds）. Degrees, minutes, seconds of the hexadecimal i

20、s 60, but the degrees. Degrees, points, the division is 100 hexadecimal, this point in the conversion to pay special attention to. The earth meridian （from the pole to the north pole） is 39940.67 kilometers long, the latitude is 110.94 kilometers at one time, one divides into 1.849 kilometers, one s

21、econd is 30.8 meters, and the distances between the different latitudes are the same. The earths equator length of 40075.36 km, Beijing and Urumqi in the area around 40 degrees north latitude, latitude circle length 40075*sin （90-40）, so the longitude was 85.276 kilometers, 1.42 kilometers a second,

22、 23.69 meters. 3, GPS accuracy and SA policy In theory, the precision of the GPS to the meter level, the Yankees for security reasons, artificially limited civilian GPS longitude positioning, formulate SA policy （Selective Availability, a US Department of defense and the implementation of measures t

23、o reduce the accuracy of the GPS, SA） when the implementation of the policy, the positioning accuracy is only 20-30 meters, but the current SA the policy has been canceled, the positioning accuracy of civilian GPS can reach 10 meters. When more than 4 valid satellite signals are received, the GPS ca

24、n achieve three-dimensional positioning, that is to say, the elevation of Gao Cheng can be calculated, but I feel that the elevation of Gao Cheng is not reliable. 4, handheld GPS how to locate? The general GPS has both the MARK key and the GOTO key. MARK key for positioning, coordinate that is curre

25、nt to memory, GPS will automatically have a name for this point; GOTO for navigation, if there is a known point has been stored in the GPS memory, and the name, then press GOTO, select the point name, you can calculate the straight line distance from here to the known point. MARK and GOTO （that is,

26、location and ranging） are the most basic functions of GPS, and other functions are based on or served by them. Generally speaking, as long as you know how to turn on and off, you know how to navigate and navigate. You can handle it outdoors. 5, GPS coordinate system computer format I can store 500 p

27、oints in my GPS, and some GPS have data lines. They can transfer the stored points to the computer, and vice versa. In this way, the data in GPS is safe （imagine the amount of work you can do to copy 300 GPS points onto paper!）. After the GPS point is imported into the computer, it can set up the GP

28、S point database through certain data conversion, and it is convenient to use. Of course, you can also sort the GPS points manually into files on your computer and then save them to GPS, which is much easier than typing on the GPS. Not only that, if the computer system has GIS software （Geographic I

29、nformation System） and electronic map, GPS waypoints can also be projected directly onto the electronic map. But the process is complicated. GARMING provides a MAPSOURCE software, with the global 1:4000000 electronic map, can be directly GPS point projection to the electronic map, but for outdoor en

30、thusiasts, no use of electronic map 1:4000000. A complete suite of computer data lines, including data lines, satellite antennas, on-board power supplies （connected to cigarette lighter）, MAPSOURCE software, and electronic maps （or GIS software and professional electronic maps）. Two, GPS and map wit

31、h the use of In outdoor activities, the most common map scales are 1:250000 and 1:100000. The 1Cm on the map correspond to 2.5 km and 1 km of actual distance, respectively. （about the outdoor map, there will be a special introduction.）. With the use of GPS and map, there are the following two situations: one is before starting to find the target point on the map （such as the camp and an important inflection point） coordinates, and put it into GPS （we input a set of GPS points in 2001 on Cheshi trail.）; the other is in outd