经度和纬度LongitudeandlatitudeWord下载.docx
《经度和纬度LongitudeandlatitudeWord下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《经度和纬度LongitudeandlatitudeWord下载.docx（6页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
southoftheequatorlatitudeiscalledlatitude,with"
S"
.
Totheequatorastheboundary,theearthisdividedintotheaverageSouthandnorthtwohemispheres,northoftheequatoristhenorthernhemisphere,southoftheequatoristhesouthernhemisphere.
Thevariationoflongitude:
fromtheprimemeridian（0degreesoflongitudeWesttoEast）,increasingto180degrees.
Theprimemeridianeastlongitudecalledeastlongitude,with"
E"
westoftheprimemeridianoflongitudeWest,with"
W"
TheEast,theWesternHemispheredivisionis20~W,160~Ecomposedofthemeridiancircle.
20degreesW,Westto160degreesE,belongstothewesternhemisphere（greaterthan20degreesWorgreaterthan160degreesE）
20degreesW,eastto160degreesE,belongingtotheeasternhemisphere（lessthan20degreesWorlessthan160degreesE）.
SanDisk（SanDisk）
Kingston（Kingston）
Samsung（SAMSUNG）
GEIL（Geil）
ThesebrandsareOK.SanDiskspecializesinflashdatamemorycards
Thelatterthreearespeciallymadeformemoryparticles
Longitudelongitudedividesinto360,1timeevery15degrees,0degreesiscalledtheprimemeridian,isthefirsttoenteranewday,thenwestevery1timezonesis1hours.Forexample,it'
s5inthemorning,thena4pointwestzoneisinthemorning,after1timeisinthemorning3points,andsoon,totheEastistheoppositetotheprimemeridian,thatistosaytheprimemeridianonbothsidesjustadifferenceof23hoursfromtheequatortothetwolevel,moreandmorehigh.Theequatorislatitudethedividinglineoflatitudeandlongitude1degreesnorthandSouthHemispheretwo=60division=3600seconds,thesixtybandisChaldaiccustom,wearestillinusetoday,aslongastheangleisthesameonandround.Thelatitudeoftheequatoris0degrees,andtheplanetsaredividedintothesouthernhemisphereandthenorthernhemisphere.Latitudereferstothelineandintotheearth'
sequatorialplaneandthecenteroftheearthatapointofplaneangle,itsvalueisbetween0to90degrees.Locatedinthenorthoftheequatorpointlatitudecallednorthlatitude,denotedasN,islocated
inthesouthoftheequatoratthelatitudelatitudeknownasS.Thelatitudevalueiscalledthelowlatitudeareabetween0and30degreeslatitudeareavaluebetween30to60degreesintheareaknownasthemiddlelatitude,thelatitudevalueiscalledthehighlatitudesbetween60to90degreesinthearea.Theequator,theTropicofCapricorn,theTropicofcancer,theAntarcticCircleandtheArcticcirclearespecialparallels.Alengthof1secondlatitude;
thetotalmeridianlengthoftheearthisabout40008km.Average:
1degreeslatitude=about111kmlatitude1=1.85kmlatitude1=aboutabout30.9meditthissectionoflatitudeandlongitudecalculationmethodofanyplaceonearth,aslongasthereisonlyatable,abamboopole,atapemeasure,youcanknowthelocallatitudeandlongitude.Butthewatchmustbecheckedagainstthecountry'
sstandard.Themethodisasfollows:
first,forexampleinthetwoChinabarsomewhere,mostshorttimeisatnoonand13:
20,andtherodlengthandshadowlengthratioof1,whilethelandis45degreesnorthlatitude（TGa=1）,longitude100degrees（from120degreesin1hoursminus15degrees,4minutesminus1degreeslongrod）andshadowlengthratiotablesearchforalpha,herewithaspecialangle.Thenthetwosolsticelongitudealgorithminvariantlatitudeinthenorthernhemispherewintersolsticesummersolsticealphaalpha+23.5degrees,-23.5degreescorrectionvaluecanbeonanyonedayand.Thecorrectionvalueisthenumberofdaysfromthetwoalgorithms:
ortwotopoormultipliedby94/365.suchastodayisFebruary17th,33daysandMarch22ndequinox,thesunpointinlatitude33degrees*94/365=8.5sotodayatnoonthelatitudeis（arctgalpha+8.5）~TGalpha=length/long.
Thelongitudeis=85.39km,longitudeis=1.42km,longitudeis
1second,=23.6m
GPSusageskills
I.BasicknowledgeofGPS
1,GPSprinciple
GPSistheabbreviationofGlobolPositionSystem（GlobalPositioningSystem）,establishedbyAmericangov-ern-ment,andprovidesfreeservicestoglobalusers.ThecompleteGPSsystemisdividedintotwoparts:
Heavenandearthintheskyhas24moonsinthenon-stop,theearthinanycorner,atleastyoucanseemorethan3satellites;
intheundergroundishand-heldorvehiclemountedGPSreceiver,whichiswhatweoftensayGPS.
WhentheGPSreceiverreceivesthreeormorethanthreesatellitessignal,wecancalculatethecoordinatesoftheearthwherethereceiverreceived,iffoursatellitescanalsocalculatetheelevation,atthesametime,thetimesignalofsatellitesystemaretransmittedtotheGPS,ifyouwanttowatch,GPStimeisthemostreliable.
Itshouldbenotedthat,inadditiontotheUnitedStatesGPSsystem,RussiaandEuropehavealsoestablishedtheirownglobalpositioningsystem,butthemostcommonapplicationistheUnitedStatesGPSsystem.
Thecoordinatesystemusedby2andGPS
Whenwedescribegeographicallocation,thecommonlyused
methodislatitudeandlongitudecoordinates.ThecoordinatesystemoflatitudeandlongitudeisthezeropointoflongitudeandlatitudeinEngland,Greenwichandequatorrespectively.Chinaislocatedapproximatelyeastof70120,North-degreerange,locatedinXinjiang.
IntheGPSsystem,thelatitudeandlongitudeofthedisplaycangenerallybebasedontheirownpreferences,generallyhave"
hddd.ddddd"
（degrees）,"
hddd*mm.mmm"
（degrees.Points）,"
hddd*mm"
"
SS"
（degrees.Minutes.Seconds）.Degrees,minutes,secondsofthehexadecimalis60,butthedegrees.Degrees,points,thedivisionis100hexadecimal,thispointintheconversiontopayspecialattentionto.
Theearthmeridian（fromthepoletothenorthpole）is39940.67kilometerslong,thelatitudeis110.94kilometersatonetime,onedividesinto1.849kilometers,onesecondis30.8meters,andthedistancesbetweenthedifferentlatitudesarethesame.
Theearth'
sequatorlengthof40075.36km,BeijingandUrumqiintheareaaround40degreesnorthlatitude,latitudecirclelength40075*sin（90-40）,sothelongitudewas85.276kilometers,1.42kilometersasecond,23.69meters.
3,GPSaccuracyandSApolicy
Intheory,theprecisionoftheGPStothemeterlevel,theYankeesforsecurityreasons,artificiallylimitedcivilianGPSlongitudepositioning,formulateSApolicy（SelectiveAvailability,aUSDepartmentofdefenseandtheimplementationofmeasurestoreducetheaccuracyoftheGPS,SA）whenthe
implementationofthepolicy,thepositioningaccuracyisonly20-30meters,butthecurrentSAthepolicyhasbeencanceled,thepositioningaccuracyofcivilianGPScanreach10meters.
Whenmorethan4validsatellitesignalsarereceived,theGPScanachievethree-dimensionalpositioning,thatistosay,theelevationofGaoChengcanbecalculated,butIfeelthattheelevationofGaoChengisnotreliable.
4,handheldGPShowtolocate?
ThegeneralGPShasboththeMARKkeyandtheGOTOkey.MARKkeyforpositioning,coordinatethatiscurrenttomemory,GPSwillautomaticallyhaveanameforthispoint;
GOTOfornavigation,ifthereisaknownpointhasbeenstoredintheGPSmemory,andthename,thenpressGOTO,selectthepointname,youcancalculatethestraightlinedistancefromheretotheknownpoint.MARKandGOTO（thatis,locationandranging）arethemostbasicfunctionsofGPS,andotherfunctionsarebasedonorservedbythem.Generallyspeaking,aslongasyouknowhowtoturnonandoff,youknowhowtonavigateandnavigate.Youcanhandleitoutdoors.
5,GPScoordinatesystemcomputerformat
Icanstore500pointsinmyGPS,andsomeGPShavedatalines.Theycantransferthestoredpointstothecomputer,andviceversa.Inthisway,thedatainGPSissafe（imaginetheamountofworkyoucandotocopy300GPSpointsontopaper!
）.AftertheGPSpointisimportedintothecomputer,itcansetuptheGPSpointdatabasethroughcertaindataconversion,anditis
convenienttouse.Ofcourse,youcanalsosorttheGPSpointsmanuallyintofilesonyourcomputerandthensavethemtoGPS,whichismucheasierthantypingontheGPS.Notonlythat,ifthecomputersystemhasGISsoftware（GeographicInformationSystem）andelectronicmap,GPSwaypointscanalsobeprojecteddirectlyontotheelectronicmap.Buttheprocessiscomplicated.
GARMINGprovidesaMAPSOURCEsoftware,withtheglobal1:
4000000electronicmap,canbedirectlyGPSpointprojectiontotheelectronicmap,butforoutdoorenthusiasts,nouseofelectronicmap1:
4000000.
Acompletesuiteofcomputerdatalines,includingdatalines,satelliteantennas,on-boardpowersupplies（connectedtocigarettelighter）,MAPSOURCEsoftware,andelectronicmaps（orGISsoftwareandprofessionalelectronicmaps）.
Two,GPSandmapwiththeuseof
Inoutdooractivities,themostcommonmapscalesare1:
250000and1:
100000.The1Cmonthemapcorrespondto2.5kmand1kmofactualdistance,respectively.（abouttheoutdoormap,therewillbeaspecialintroduction.）.WiththeuseofGPSandmap,therearethefollowingtwosituations:
oneisbeforestartingtofindthetargetpointonthemap（suchasthecampandanimportantinflectionpoint）coordinates,andputitintoGPS（weinputasetofGPSpointsin2001onCheshitrail.）;
theotherisinoutd
升级会员 