1、It is a rule for my mother to go shopping on Sundays. (不定式短语作主语)Reading the texts aloud is especially important for Senior Three students. (动名词短语作主语)What the teacher said is very funny. (从句作主语)2、 谓语是说明主语的动作或状态,是句子的主要成分,不可缺少,在主语之后。They said nothing, looking coldly at the teacher in charge of the clas
2、s. (及物动词作谓语)Classes begin at seven today, we must get up quickly. (不及物动词作谓语) We dont have classes at weekends after reducing learning load. (助动词 + 动词作谓语)I was really anxious. You shouldnt have left without a word. (情态动词 + 动词作谓语)The leaves have turned yellow in autumn. (联系动词 + 表语作谓语)3、 表语用在联系动词的后面,表示
3、主语的身份、性质和特征,位于联系动词之后。Walt Disney was a famous cartoon-maker. (名词作表语)The days in summer are getting hotter and hotter these years. (形容词作表语)The computer in the room is hers. (代词作表语)My greatest wish is to enter Qinghua University. (不定式短语作表语)Her job is looking after the babies. (动名词短语作表语)The audience wa
4、s moved by the moving play. (分词作表语)This is what I want to say. (从句作表语) 4、 宾语是及物动词涉及的对象,介词后面的对象也是宾语,称为介词宾语。宾语在及物动词或介词后面。 John doesnt like football but he likes music very much. (名词作宾语) Weve worked out a plan. But Im uncertain whether it will do in practice. (名词作介词的宾语)Tom is a kind man. He is always r
5、eady to help others. (代词作宾语)Stop reading and read after me, please. (动名词作宾语)I succeeded in persuading the teacher to give me a day off. (动名词短语作介词的宾语)真的不掉线吗?、?Dont forget to turn off the lights when you leave the room. (不定式短语作宾语)The doctor did what he could to save the dying patient. (从句作宾语)5、 定语修饰或限
6、制名词或代词。单词作定语,一般放在被修饰的词语之前;短语或从句作定语,一般放在修饰语之后。Grammar is not a set of dead rules. (形容词作定语)It is a coffee cup. (名词作定语)Our teachers hair has turned grey. (名词所有格作定语)My students corrected each others mistakes in their classroom. (代词作定语) Be quiet, boys and girls! I have something important to tell you. (不
7、定式短语作定语) There is a sleeping chair before the window. (动名词作定语) I saw a sleeping baby in the room. There is a broken glass beside the bed. (分词作定语) The workers working in the department will go on holiday. (分词短语作定语) There are fifty-six students in our class. (数词作定语) The woman with a book in his hand i
8、s our English teacher. (with的复合结构作定语) The man to whom you spoke is my neighbour. (从句作定语) 6、 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。状语的位置比较灵活,修饰形容词或副词的状语一般放在被修饰的词之前(enough除外),修饰动词一般置于实意动词之前、联系动词之后、复合谓语中第一个动词之后,若有宾语,一般放在宾语之后。Our monitor studies hard. (副词作状语)They started early (in order) to get to the station on time. (不定
9、式短语作目的状语)To be a teacher of the people, one must first be their pupil. (目的状语放在句首更好)The old man lived to see the rapid development of our country. (不定式短语作结果状语)I dont know what to do next. (不定式的复合结构作状语)Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. (过去分词短语作状语) Looking out of the window,
10、 I saw many birds flying in the sky. (现在分词短语作状语)Mr Brown slept with the windows open. (with的复合结构作状语)Well go outing if it is fine tomorrow. (从句作状语)7、 宾语补足语补充说明宾语,使句子意思更加完整。当句子变成被动语态时则称为主语补足语。宾语补足语一般置于宾语之后。Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work. (名词作宾补)What he said made his father happy.
11、 (形容词作宾补) I asked Jim to attend my birthday party. (不定式短语作宾补) He made me do the work all by myself. (省略to的不定式短语作宾补) Dont have the horse running all the way. (现在分词作宾补) Ill go and get the chair repaired. (过去分词作宾补)第二章 简单句的六种基本句型第一节 主语(S)+ 谓语 (V)一、主谓结构:由 S + Vi .构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如,The sun rises.主语可有修饰语-定语
12、,如,The red sun rises.谓语可有修饰语-状语,如,The red sun rises in the east.二、用S + Vi. 结构连词成句。1 the Gulf War, in, break out, August, 1992.2 well, the book, sell.3 the foreign guest, tomorrow, leave.4 get up, Li Liang, every, day, at, six, this year.5 I, can, swim, well, at the age of seven.三、 用S + Vi. 结构扩写句子(至少
13、写出三个句子)。Model: He works. He works in the shop where I used to work every day.1. Peter arrived._2. He dances.3. An old lady was walking.4. The boy will work hard.5. She cried.四、 用S + Vi.结构翻译下列句子。1、你应当努力学习。 2、那天早上我们谈了很多。 3、会议将持续两个小时。4、在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。5、这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。6、该干点正事。7、正下着倾盆大雨。8、他没有通过考
14、试。9、秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。10、每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。五、 用i.结构写出五个句子。1_2_3_真的不掉线吗?_4_5_第二节主语(S)谓语(V)宾语(O)一、主谓宾结构:主语 + 谓语 + 宾语。其中的谓语动词必须是及物动词或及物动词词组。主语和宾语必须是名词或相当于名词的成分。二、用S + Vt. + O结构连词成句。1she, English, study, every, in, day, class.2student, several, the, newspapers, read, in, the, morning.3wash, Mary, hands, just, n
15、ow, her.4borrow, the, magazine, John, already.5she, watch, movie, now, a.三、用S + Vt. + O结构扩写句子(至少写出三个句子)。 I bought a TV set. I bought a color TV set which is made in Shenzhen from the shop yesterday.1. Well read the book tomorrow.2. John could pay the piano.3. He received a letter.4 . The policeman c
16、aught a thief.5. They killed the girl.四、用S + Vt. + O结构翻译下列句子。1、今天下午我想同你谈谈。2、这本书他读过多次了。3、他们成功地完成了计划。4、你们必须在两周内看完这些书。5、他支撑着一个大家庭。6、我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。7、Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。8、他不知道说什么好。9、他每天早晨洗冷水澡。10、他自学日语。五、用S + V + O结构写出五个句子。3_六、谓语动词是动词词组,分两种情况: 1、及物动词 + 副词;2、不及物动词 + 介词。1.含有away, out, forward, up 等副词的动词词组是可拆分的。
17、如:They carried out the plan successfully. 我们还可以说, They carried the plan out successfully. 但我们只能说 As the plan was practical, they carried it out successfully。类似的动副词组有:point out, carry out(执行), put forward(提出), work out(做出,算出), find out(找出), give up(放弃), give away(赠送,分发), pick up(拣起), put up(挂上), 等。2.
18、 而含有介词 at, for, from, into, of, with, to 等的动介词组是不可拆分的。如,look after(照顾), look at(瞧), look for(寻找), belong to(属于), refer to(参考,提及), think of(考虑,评价), send for(派人去请), care for(喜欢),suffer from(受之苦), deal with(对付,应付), object to(反对), pay for(付的钱),等。即我们只能说think of it,不能说think it of。In 用作副词,表示“在里面”,“往里进”,“在家
19、”。如,get in(收割),hand in(提交,交进)。用作介词,表示“在地点”, “在范围”, “在方面”。 如,persist in(坚持),succeed in (在成功)。Off用作副词,“关闭”,“隔离,离开”,“去掉”。turn off, switch off(关掉), ring off(挂断电话), keep off(远离), take off, kick off(踢脱), carry off(运走), put off(推迟), pay off(付清),give off(放出)。用作介词,表示“从下来”。如,get off(下车), fall off(从掉下来).On 用作副
20、词,表示“开”,“走开”,“传递”,“穿戴”。 如,turn on(开),move on(走开), pass on(传递), put on(穿上), have on(穿着)。用作介词,“在上”,“在方面”。work on(从事于), operate on(在上动手术), agree on(同意)。表示“上车,上船,上”, 如,get on(上车,上船),ride on(骑上)。 表示“依靠”,“以为基础”, “按照”, 如,depend on(依靠),base on(以为基础), feed on(以为食), live on(以为生计)。Over用作副词,表示“翻转”,“翻倒”,如, turn
21、over(打翻,翻倒), push over(推倒). 表示“过一遍”,“仔细”,“遍及”,如,think over(仔细考虑), look over(仔细查看,研究)。 用作介词,“从上越过”,fly over(从上飞过), jump over(从上跳过). go over(越过,横过)。 表示“为了”,“由于”,如,quarrel over(为争吵),cry over(因哭泣), go over(检查,复习).附:许多由及物动词 + 名词 + 介词构成的三词动词词组也要跟宾语,如:pay attention to(注意), catch hold of(抓住,握住), catch sight
22、 of(看见,发现),do harm to(对有害), get rid of(排除,除去), make fun of(取笑,嘲笑), put (ones) heart into(专心于), say hello to(打招呼), sing praise for(赞扬,),take care of(照顾), take part in(参加), take pride in真的不掉线吗?(以自豪,骄傲)。七、用动词词组结构翻译下列句子。1、我不信任那个人。2、他指出了我的作文中的错误。3、圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。4、你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。5、五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。6、他们高度
23、赞扬了英雄的业迹。7、沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。8、写完作文后,我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。9、脱掉你的外套,走前再穿。10、我们必须派人去请医生 八、用S + V + O结构写出六个句子。(谓语用动词词组)6_第三节主语(S)系动词(Link. V)表语(P)一、主系表结构: 主语 + 系动词 + 表语,主要用以说明主语的特征,类属,状态,身份等。常用系动词: (1)表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound. (2)表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand. (3)表示状态
24、变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow.二、用S + Link. V + P结构连词成句。1be, Jim, a, French, boy.2John, a worker, become, 1999, in.3turn, wheat, in, summer, yellow.4his, grow, hair, grey.5she, beautiful, look, more, before, than.三、用S + Link. V + P结构扩写句子(至少写出三个句子)。 John is in class. John is in his class with his classmate named Mike.1. Watt is a doctor._
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